「 前段时间，清华大学经管学院与同方全球人寿联合发布的《2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告》重磅出炉。这份持续了13年的调研，今年又带来了关乎 我们每个人未来养老储备的重要洞察，今天我们就来聊聊这份报告中一些值得我们关注的话题。 报告显示，2025年中国居民的退休准备指数是5.49分（满分10分），相比2024年的5.34分略有提升。但这小幅增长的背后，却藏着一个值得我们警惕的结 构性裂痕——虽然我们的养老认知已经开始觉醒，但养老准备的行动却迟迟没有跟上。 这份报告调查了全国4,018个样本，测算维度涵盖了"退休责任意识"、"财务规划认知"和"退休储蓄充分度"等六个方面，结果却呈现出了一个极端割裂的场 景—— 在"退休责任意识"和"财务规划认知"这两个态度层面，我们分别拿到了7.45分和7.36分，接近良好水平；可是一到行动层面，"退休计划完善度"只有3.82 分，"退休储蓄充分度"更是低至3.78分，这一差距较2024年显著扩大，展现出了绝大多数朋友在养老储备方面"知易行难"的困境。 报告中一个看似"反常识"的发现则揭示了一种更深层的担忧：人们通常认为，年龄越大投资应该越偏保守，但调研结果却显示，受访者的 ...

今天分享的是：2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告 报告共计：116页 2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告核心总结 2025年中国居民退休准备指数为5.49，较2024年的5.34略有上升，整体保持稳定，呈现"认知强化、行动滞后、信心承压"的结构 性特征。居民对养老责任和财务规划的认知持续提升，但退休计划完善度、储蓄充分度及未来收入信心仍处于低位，标志着退 休准备进入从理念认知向行为转化的关键阶段。 从群体特征来看，高退休准备指数人群集中呈现80后、已婚、自评健康状况良好、研究生学历、就职于国有企业或外商/港澳台 商企业、金融素养较高等特征。收入与退休准备呈正相关，但并非唯一决定因素，部分低收入群体因金融素养高、储蓄意愿 强，准备水平甚至超过部分高收入者。区域分布上，呈现"东北领先、东中部稳步、西部追赶"的格局，黑龙江、辽宁等省份指 数领先，东部经济发达地区表现稳健，中西部部分省份进步明显，区域差距较往年有所收窄。 在养老生活预期方面，居民态度理性务实，居家独立养老仍是主流选择，多数希望维持现有生活水准。退休投资中，居民风险 承受度整体下降，更偏好本金安全和稳定收益，退休投资相对风险偏好平均为−0.15。不 ...

本文字数：1578，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 杨倩雯 2025年中国居民的退休准备情况如何？最新报告显示，受访居民在退休准备的认知上有所提升，但 行动仍滞后。 上述报告指的是同方全球人寿保险有限公司联合清华大学经济管理学院中国保险与风险管理研究中心 近日发布的《2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告》（下称"报告"）。报告收集了超4000份问卷后 的统计数据显示，2025年中国居民退休准备指数为5.49，相比于2024年的5.34略有上升。 根据报告课题组的解释，中国居民退休准备指数选取退休责任意识、财务规划认知水平、财务问题理 解能力、退休计划完善度、退休储蓄充分度以及取得期望收入的信心六个维度并分别赋以相应的权重 来计算。数值低于6为低退休准备指数，表明退休准备不足，需要引起重视。 从报告数据来看，较去年情况而言，今年在上述六大维度中受访居民在退休责任意识（7.45）和财 务规划认知水平（7.36）上显著提升，这表明公众对个人养老责任的理解和理财知识掌握程度持续 2025.11. 30 键实施期。 在养老金融方面，报告认为受访居民的选择整体呈"稳健为主、代际分层"，个人养老金制度已快速推 广， ...

Core Insights - The 2025 Retirement Preparedness Index for Chinese residents is reported at 5.49, a slight increase from 5.34 in the previous year, indicating a transition from awareness to action in retirement planning [1] - Significant improvements are noted in retirement responsibility awareness (7.45) and financial planning awareness (7.36), while areas such as retirement plan completeness (3.82), retirement savings adequacy (3.78), and confidence in achieving expected income (4.85) show lagging behaviors and pressure on confidence [1] Group 1: Income and Retirement Preparedness - The retirement preparedness index increases with income, but the gap between different income groups is narrowing, with notable improvements in low-income groups [1] - Some low-income individuals have retirement preparedness levels that exceed those of some high-income individuals, suggesting that factors beyond income, such as financial literacy and risk awareness, are also influential [1] Group 2: Characteristics of Prepared Individuals - Individuals with high preparedness indices tend to be "post-80s," married, in good health, have graduate degrees, and possess higher personal income and financial literacy [2] Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Suggestions to enhance the retirement preparedness index include integrating retirement preparedness measurement into pension financial services, improving accessibility and incentives for personal pension accounts, and promoting financial literacy and retirement planning education [2] - There is a call for better matching of pension financial products to diverse group needs and for the coordination of health management with retirement planning to enhance long-term security for residents [2]

受访居民在退休准备的认知上有所提升，但行动仍滞后。 2025年中国居民的退休准备情况如何？最新报告显示，受访居民在退休准备的认知上有所提升，但行动 仍滞后。 上述报告指的是同方全球人寿保险有限公司联合清华大学经济管理学院中国保险与风险管理研究中心近 日发布的《2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告》（下称"报告"）。报告收集了超4000份问卷后的统计 数据显示，2025年中国居民退休准备指数为5.49，相比于2024年的5.34略有上升。 根据报告课题组的解释，中国居民退休准备指数选取退休责任意识、财务规划认知水平、财务问题理解 能力、退休计划完善度、退休储蓄充分度以及取得期望收入的信心六个维度并分别赋以相应的权重来计 算。数值低于6为低退休准备指数，表明退休准备不足，需要引起重视。 从报告数据来看，较去年情况而言，今年在上述六大维度中受访居民在退休责任意识（7.45）和财务规 划认知水平（7.36）上显著提升，这表明公众对个人养老责任的理解和理财知识掌握程度持续增强；同 时，在能力与行为层面，今年的财务问题理解能力得分为6.06，较上年（5.83）略有上升，说明居民虽 然具备一定金融知识，但在风险识别、投资判 ...

Core Insights - The 2025 China Resident Retirement Preparedness Index is 5.49, showing a slight increase compared to 2024, indicating a transition from awareness to action in retirement preparation [2][3] Group 1: Retirement Preparedness Index - The index measures retirement preparedness across six dimensions: awareness of retirement responsibility, financial planning awareness, understanding of financial issues, completeness of retirement plans, adequacy of retirement savings, and confidence in achieving expected income [3] - The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher values indicating better preparedness; a score below 6 indicates insufficient preparation [3] - Key dimensions show significant improvement: retirement responsibility awareness (7.45) and financial planning awareness (7.36) are high, while retirement plan completeness (3.82), retirement savings adequacy (3.78), and confidence in expected income (4.85) are low, reflecting a gap between awareness and action [3] Group 2: Income and Retirement Preparedness - The retirement preparedness index increases with income, but the gap between different income groups is narrowing, with notable improvements in the low-income group [4] - Financial literacy, risk awareness, savings willingness, and social security participation are also critical factors influencing retirement preparedness [4] - The report introduces income replacement rate as a complementary indicator, showing a positive correlation with the retirement preparedness index [4] Group 3: Changing Retirement Needs - Retirement needs are shifting from basic security to rational planning and quality enhancement, with residents aiming to maintain their current living standards [5] - Independent living at home remains the preferred mode of retirement, while high-quality institutional care is gradually gaining traction among well-prepared and older groups [5] Group 4: Preferences for Financial Products - Residents exhibit a preference for low-risk financial products, with generational differences in choices: older generations prioritize safety and health insurance, while younger generations seek balance among housing, child-rearing, and retirement [6] - Recommendations include enhancing retirement planning tools, improving multi-tiered pension systems, and promoting financial literacy to facilitate the transition from awareness to action [6] Group 5: Elderly Care Market Dynamics - The elderly care market is transitioning from scale expansion to quality competition, with the number of care facilities nearly doubling in five years, reaching 406,000 by the end of 2024 [7] - Despite the growth, the average occupancy rate of care institutions is below 50%, highlighting a mismatch between supply and demand [7] - A new evaluation system for care institutions aims to improve quality and operational standards, moving the industry towards more refined and standardized operations [7]

Core Insights - The 2025 Retirement Preparedness Index (RRI) for Chinese residents is reported at 5.49, a slight increase from 5.34 in 2024, indicating insufficient retirement preparation [1] - The index has been published for 13 consecutive years, measuring attitudes and actual preparations across six dimensions: retirement responsibility awareness, financial planning recognition, understanding of financial issues, completeness of retirement plans, adequacy of retirement savings, and confidence in achieving expected income [1] - There is a notable improvement in retirement responsibility awareness and financial planning recognition, while completeness of retirement plans, adequacy of retirement savings, and confidence in achieving expected income have declined, reflecting a trend of "increased awareness, lagging behavior, and pressured confidence" [1] Income and Retirement Preparedness - The analysis shows that the RRI generally increases with income, but some low-income individuals have better preparedness than certain high-income individuals, indicating that income is not the sole determinant of retirement readiness; factors like financial literacy and risk awareness also play significant roles [1] Trends in Retirement Investment - The report highlights a trend where, despite a preference for home-based elderly care, there is a significant rise in the choice of high-quality commercial elderly care institutions or high-end elderly communities among those with an RRI above 8, reaching 27.2% [2] - The average risk preference for retirement investments among respondents is −0.15, indicating a generally conservative approach to retirement investment [2] - In terms of personal pension product preferences, respondents favor retirement savings, retirement insurance, retirement financial products, and retirement funds in that order [2] - The report suggests that higher-risk retirement funds need refined risk grading and holding incentives to attract more retirement investments [2] Financial Product Preferences and Risks - Higher preparedness respondents tend to have lower risk preferences for retirement financial products, while those with insufficient preparation often prefer higher-risk products as they approach retirement age, which may expose them to potential fraud if their financial literacy is lacking [2]

Core Insights - The retirement preparation level of Chinese residents is significantly inadequate, with low-income groups showing a marked decline while high-income groups have improved, leading to a widening gap between different income groups [1][2] Group 1: Retirement Preparation Index - The 2024 China Resident Retirement Preparation Index stands at 5.53, unchanged from 2023, indicating a low level of retirement readiness [2] - The index is based on a scale of 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate better retirement preparation [1] Group 2: Income and Demographics - High retirement preparation levels are characterized by individuals aged 36-45, married, with children, in good health, holding a bachelor's degree, and employed in state-owned or foreign enterprises [2] - The average annual post-tax income for surveyed individuals is 90,600 yuan, slightly above the 88,000 yuan reported in 2023 [1] Group 3: Retirement Financial Preparation Methods - The most common retirement financial preparation methods include basic pension insurance, enterprise annuities, personal pensions, and bank savings/low-risk financial products [2] - Basic pension insurance has the highest coverage, while enterprise annuities have a coverage rate of approximately 34% among respondents [2] Group 4: Retirement Age Preferences - A majority of residents prefer to retire at the legal retirement age, with a significant portion of young respondents inclined towards early retirement [3] - 56.54% of young respondents (51.59% of males and 58.77% of females) prefer early retirement, indicating a strong desire for early retirement among the youth [3]

Core Insights - The latest research indicates that the retirement preparedness level of Chinese residents is significantly inadequate, with low-income groups showing a notable decline while high-income groups have improved, leading to a widening gap between different income groups [1][2] Group 1: Retirement Preparedness Index - The 2024 China Residents Retirement Preparedness Index stands at 5.53, unchanged from 2023, indicating a low level of retirement preparedness [2] - The index is constructed on a scale of 0 to 10, where higher scores reflect better retirement readiness, with scores below 6 indicating a need for urgent improvement [1] Group 2: Demographic Characteristics - High retirement preparedness is characterized by individuals aged 36-45, married, with children, in good health, holding a bachelor's degree, and employed in state-owned or foreign enterprises, with higher personal and family incomes [2] Group 3: Retirement Financial Preparation Methods - The primary methods for retirement financial preparation include basic pension insurance, enterprise annuities, personal pensions, and bank savings/low-risk financial products, with basic pension insurance having the highest coverage [2] - The coverage rate for enterprise annuities/professional annuities among respondents is approximately 34%, particularly among those from government and state-owned enterprises due to mandatory contributions since 2015 [2] - Personal pensions, as the "third pillar" of China's pension system, have a coverage rate of 35%, with higher adoption among respondents with elevated after-tax income levels [2] Group 4: Retirement Age Preferences - Most residents prefer to retire at the legal retirement age, but a larger proportion expresses a desire to retire early, particularly among younger respondents [3] - 56.54% of young respondents (51.59% male, 58.77% female) prefer early retirement, while only 34.63% (35.65% male, 34.16% female) anticipate delaying retirement, indicating a strong inclination towards early retirement among the youth [3]