（来源：经济日报） 转自：经济日报 专家提醒，如果仅出现轻度眼部异物感，且不影响视力，无明显疼痛，可正常睁眼视物，通常经休息可 自行缓解；若出现眼部剧烈疼痛、无法睁眼，或视物模糊、流泪不止等症状，务必尽快就医诊治。 "雪盲症"不仅在冰雪运动中有可能发生，水上运动、冰川徒步、高海拔登山等情况下也要特别注意，一 定要佩戴专业墨镜。 彭荣梅表示："戴墨镜一定要选择防紫外线指数比较高的，比如UV大于400，而且还要注意一下它的侧 边，不能光正面防护，最好是带侧边防护的，这样相当于把光线整个都能挡住，不让它照射到眼部。" 天气越冷，冰雪运动越火热。滑雪、滑冰、冬泳、徒步等户外运动成为大家乐享冬日的热门选择。虽说 冬季运动对身体有益，但我们也不能忽视，在低温环境、特殊场地情况下，这些户外运动在安全方面存 在的风险。今天，专业医生为大家来介绍冬季运动要注意哪些事项，为您送上一份安全锦囊。 专家提醒，冰雪运动的防护核心在于"环境适应、装备适配、技能规范、应急得当"，任何环节的疏忽都 可能引发意外。 因此，滑雪滑冰时头盔、护膝、护肘这些装备必不可少。此外，新手建议佩戴护臀，避免尾椎骨损伤。 一旦发生碰撞，不要立刻站起来，周围的 ...

编辑：潘煦 一旦出现雪盲症症状，应立即转移至阴凉处，用冷毛巾冰敷双眼，避免揉眼加重损伤；如果原护目镜丢失，可用墨镜或眼罩临时遮光，减少光线刺激； 滴入不含防腐剂的人工泪液可缓解干燥和异物感，切勿随意使用抗生素眼药水，以免影响角膜自我修复。在此期间，近视患者不要佩戴隐形眼镜，以避 免症状进一步加重，框架眼镜作为首选。若症状超过24小时仍未缓解，应及时就医，检查是否伴有角膜上皮脱落或视网膜损伤。 转载请注明央视财经 （央视财经《第一时间》）雪盲症在医学上被称为"电光性眼炎"，是紫外线长时间照射眼部，导致角膜上皮细胞被灼伤引发的暂时性眼部炎症。如果感 觉自己患上了雪盲症，该如何处理？ 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科医学视光中心副主任 宋红欣：治疗原则是使用不带防腐剂的人工泪液，可以使用一些角膜上皮的营养因子，一般几 个小时就能修复。但如果上皮损伤非常严重，还是要选择合适的抗生素眼药水来预防感染，同时联合上皮修复的药物以及人工泪液来进行角膜上皮修 复，建议大家到医院请专业的医生治疗。 ...

Group 1 - The Shanghai Narcotics Control Committee clarified that claims linking certain milk tea brands to drugs are incorrect, emphasizing that caffeine in beverages comes from natural sources or compliant additives, regulated by national standards [2] - Caffeine is a natural alkaloid found in tea leaves, produced by the tea plant to deter pests, and consumers can ingest caffeine from various sources including coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate [2] - The recommended safe caffeine intake is 400 milligrams per day for healthy adults and approximately 175 milligrams for individuals under 18, with tea and tea beverages being the primary sources of dietary caffeine in China [2] Group 2 - The article warns against associating naturally occurring caffeine in tea with strictly regulated psychoactive substances, urging the public to remain vigilant against drug-related misinformation [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the risks of snow blindness, a condition caused by prolonged exposure to UV rays reflected off snow, emphasizing the importance of eye protection for outdoor enthusiasts during winter activities [1][3]. Group 1: Understanding Snow Blindness - Snow blindness, medically known as "photokeratitis," is a temporary eye inflammation caused by UV rays damaging the corneal epithelial cells [3][5]. - The high reflectivity of snow can reflect nearly 95% of UV rays, making direct exposure to snow as harmful as looking directly at the sun [5]. - Snow blindness can occur in various environments, not just snowy areas, including high-altitude climbing, glacier hiking, and even indoor settings with UV exposure [5]. Group 2: Symptoms and Recovery - Symptoms of snow blindness typically manifest 4 to 12 hours after exposure and include redness, tearing, pain, light sensitivity, and blurred vision [6][9]. - Mild cases may resolve with rest in about 6 hours, while moderate to severe cases could take 2 to 4 days for recovery [9][10]. Group 3: Emergency Response - Immediate actions to take if symptoms occur include avoiding light, stopping outdoor activities, and seeking shade [8][9]. - Rubbing the eyes should be avoided as it can worsen the condition [7]. - Cold compresses can help alleviate pain, and medical attention is advised for severe symptoms [8][9]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - Wearing UV400-rated goggles is crucial to block harmful UV rays during snow activities [10][12]. - Even on cloudy days or at night, UV protection is necessary due to the reflective properties of snow [11][12]. - Limiting exposure time to 1-2 hours in strong sunlight and taking breaks in shaded areas can reduce the risk of snow blindness [11][12].

Group 1: Winter Sports Safety Guidelines - The article emphasizes the importance of preparation and knowledge for safely enjoying winter sports like skiing and winter swimming [2][3][4] - For skiing, it is recommended to choose appropriate equipment, such as skis that are 10-15 cm shorter than the skier's height, and to wear essential protective gear including helmets and goggles [3] - New skiers should start on gentle slopes and learn to control speed and direction before attempting more advanced trails, maintaining a proper posture while skiing [3][6] Group 2: Winter Swimming Precautions - Winter swimming can effectively enhance cardiovascular health and immune function, but it is not suitable for everyone; health screenings are advised before participation [4][5] - Swimmers should gradually acclimate to cold water temperatures and limit their time in water below 14 degrees Celsius to 14 minutes, reducing time as temperature decreases [5] - Post-swimming, it is crucial to dry off in a specific order and consume warm drinks to help restore body temperature [5] Group 3: Outdoor Hiking Recommendations - For winter hiking, a layered clothing approach is recommended, with moisture-wicking base layers and insulated middle layers to retain heat [6] - Proper footwear with good traction is essential, and hikers should consider using ice grips and trekking poles for stability [6][7] - High-calorie foods and hot drinks are advised for energy, and carrying emergency gear such as thermal blankets and GPS devices is recommended [6][7] Group 4: Snow Blindness Awareness - Snow blindness, caused by UV exposure in snowy environments, can lead to temporary eye inflammation and requires preventive measures such as wearing UV-protective goggles [7] - Symptoms include tearing, redness, and pain in both eyes, and treatment involves resting the eyes and using antibiotic eye drops if necessary [7]

Group 1: Winter Sports Safety and Preparation - The article emphasizes the importance of preparation and knowledge for safely enjoying winter sports like skiing and winter swimming [2][3][4] - Skiing should start with mastering basic skills on gentle slopes before progressing to more challenging terrains, with a focus on maintaining proper posture and safety distance from other skiers [3][6] - For winter swimming, a systematic health check is recommended before participation, and gradual acclimatization to cold water is crucial to avoid cold shock [4][6] Group 2: Equipment and Clothing Recommendations - Ski equipment should prioritize practicality and suitability, with specific recommendations for ski length and protective gear such as helmets and goggles [3] - For winter hiking, a layered clothing approach is advised, including moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers, and waterproof outer layers, along with protective accessories for the head, hands, and feet [6][7] - Emergency gear such as survival blankets, heat packs, and waterproof GPS devices are suggested for outdoor activities [7] Group 3: Techniques and Nutrition - Proper techniques for walking on snow and ice are highlighted, including specific foot placements and movements to maintain balance and prevent falls [6] - Nutrition during winter activities should focus on high-calorie foods and warm beverages, with suggestions for cooking in the field if conditions allow [6] Group 4: Eye Protection and Treatment - Snow blindness, caused by UV exposure in snowy environments, is discussed, with symptoms and prevention methods outlined, including the use of UV-protective goggles [8] - Treatment recommendations for snow blindness include resting, avoiding eye rubbing, and using antibiotic eye drops if necessary [8]