2026 年 1 月 9 日 行业研究 卫星星座组网加速，商业应用不断拓展 ——低轨卫星行业研究系列之四 要点 低轨卫星星座建设进入加速期，轨道与频谱资源争夺日趋激烈。低轨卫星凭借低 延迟、全球覆盖等优势，已成为商业航天发展的核心方向。当前各国正加快推进 低轨星座部署，以抢占有限的轨道和频谱资源。从轨道选择看，LEO 轨道因传 输损耗小、时延低，尤其适合实时通信与全球物联网连接；GEO 轨道容量趋于 饱和，MEO 则主要服务于导航等专项需求。频谱方面，行业正从传统的 C、Ku 频段向 Ka 等更高频段拓展，以支撑高通量数据传输。与此同时，卫星平台与载 荷技术持续升级，推动卫星向低成本、高性能、模块化方向发展，为大规模组网 奠定基础。 卫星平台与有效载荷技术持续突破，推动卫星性能提升与成本下降。卫星平台是 卫星稳定运行的基础，其结构、热控、姿轨控、电源等分系统日益集成化与智能 化。例如，结构分系统采用轻量化材料与模块化设计；热控技术结合被动与主动 手段，适应复杂空间环境；姿轨控系统逐步向星上自主处理演进。有效载荷作为 卫星功能的核心，正向多功能、软件定义方向演进。通信卫星已普遍采用相控阵 天线与处理式转发器，遥 ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of the low-altitude economy relies on the support of low-altitude network communication and perception capabilities, with China Unicom actively building a digital foundation through five-network integration to foster innovative capabilities in low-altitude scenarios [1][2]. Group 1: Low-altitude Economy Infrastructure - China Unicom is constructing a "1+1+3+N" low-altitude capability system, which includes an integrated low-altitude smart network, a fusion of spatiotemporal big data, and three core platforms for safety regulation, airspace management, and smart low-altitude applications [1]. - The company emphasizes that traditional operators only provide communication pipelines, while low-altitude operations require centimeter-level positioning, real-time weather warnings, and obstacle avoidance decision-making [1]. Group 2: Data and Service Capabilities - China Unicom has made significant investments in edge computing and terminal computing, achieving data centralization across 31 provinces, positioning itself as a leader in data governance in China [2]. - The company has developed a public and industry data fusion computing infrastructure, accumulating high-quality datasets across over 10 industries, totaling 400 terabytes [2]. Group 3: Cost Efficiency and Operational Advantages - The operational cost for a logistics company building its own low-altitude network is 28 yuan per kilometer, while China Unicom's project in Zhejiang achieves a cost of only 9.7 yuan [2]. - In a project for the Yunnan power grid inspection, China Unicom reduced data processing latency from 3 seconds to 200 milliseconds by establishing edge computing nodes [2]. Group 4: Application Scenarios - In Longyan, Fujian, the efficiency of blood transport via drones has improved by 150% [2]. - In Zhengzhou, the company has implemented automatic inspection with "instant recognition" for heating pipeline networks [2]. - Cross-border island logistics testing has also been initiated [2].

Core Insights - Yida Capital has led a Pre-A round investment in Starry Light Technology, which will primarily be used to accelerate product mass production, technology iteration, team building, and market expansion [1] Company Overview - Starry Light Technology was established in Suzhou at the end of 2022, with a core founding team from prestigious institutions such as Cambridge University, Peking University, Harbin Institute of Technology, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences [1] - The team has proposed an innovative all-solid-state solution based on laser wavefront modulation, achieving stable and rapid link establishment technology [1] Industry Trends - The demand for low Earth orbit satellite internet is surging, with global satellite constellations like SpaceX's Starlink and China's StarNet accelerating deployment, expected to exceed 100,000 satellites in orbit by 2030 [2] - Inter-satellite laser communication is becoming a critical technology for massive data transmission due to its high bandwidth (Tbps level) and low latency (nanosecond level) [2] - The Chinese StarNet plan is projected to generate over 5 billion yuan in the laser payload market within the next five years [2] Technological Challenges - Satellite laser communication terminals face significant technical barriers, including the need for precise beam alignment (1 micro-radian) due to the complex space environment and high-speed satellite movement [3] - The high cost of communication payloads and reliance on imported key components limit large-scale applications, with domestic production rates below 30% [3] Starry Light Technology Innovations - Starry Light Technology's laser wavefront modulation technology improves link establishment efficiency and stability, moving away from traditional mechanical scanning methods [3][4] - The company has developed a Tbps-level all-optical switching module that supports long-distance networking with low error rates and is compatible with multiple communication systems [4] - The terminal's weight is reduced by 50% and volume by 70% compared to mainstream products, lowering satellite payload costs by 30% [4] Future Prospects - The first terminal product from Starry Light Technology has completed ground verification tests and is set for orbital validation in the second half of 2025, laying the foundation for 6G integrated communication [5] - The investment from Yida Capital reflects the booming market for satellite laser communication, with expectations for Starry Light Technology to become a significant player in the global communication sector [5]