燕翔、石琳（燕翔系方正证券首席经济学家、中国首席经济学家论坛理事） 核心结论 事件： 9月美国CPI同比3%，预期3.1%，前值2.9%；CPI环比0.3%，预期和前值均为0.4%；核心CPI同比3%，预期和前值均为3.1%；核心CPI环比0.2%，预期和前 值均为0.3%。 投资要点： 美国:CPI:季调:同比(%) -- 美国:核心CPI:季调:同比(%) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 l 0 21-08 21-02 22-08 23-08 24-08 25-08 23-02 24-02 25-02 22-02 资料来源: Wind, 方正证券研究所 价格指数:进口商品 =价格指数:国内商品 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 25-04 25-06 25-10 4-12 25-02 25-05 25-08 25-09 24-10 24- 1 1 25-03 25-07 25-01 资料来源: Cavallo,Llamas & Vazquez (2025), 方正证券研究所 美国政府停摆下9月通胀数据发布对市场意义重大，年内美联储大概率降息2次，10年美债利率 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the market widely anticipates the Federal Reserve to announce interest rate cuts in the upcoming meetings, with a focus on the number and magnitude of cuts by the end of the year [1][2] - The latest inflation data shows that the US CPI rose by 2.9% year-on-year in August, aligning with market expectations, while core CPI remained stable at 3.1%, reinforcing expectations for rate cuts in October and December [1][2] - Analysts predict a high probability of two consecutive rate cuts of 25 basis points each in September and October, with employment data influencing the decision for a potential December cut [1][3] Group 2 - The employment market shows signs of weakness, with August non-farm payrolls increasing by only 22,000, significantly below expectations, which raises the likelihood of the Fed cutting rates to stimulate employment [2][3] - The anticipated rate cuts are expected to inject new liquidity into the market, benefiting risk assets such as US stocks and gold, as the Fed's "risk management-style rate cuts" could enhance global market risk appetite [3][4] - Despite the positive outlook for US stocks and gold, there are concerns about high valuations in the stock market, suggesting limited short-term upside, while the bond market may experience fluctuations [4]

Group 1: Impact of Tax Policy on Bond Market - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced that starting from August 8, 2025, interest income from newly issued government bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds will be subject to value-added tax (VAT) [1][2] - A dual-track system will be implemented where new bonds are taxed while existing bonds remain exempt until maturity, with a standard tax rate of 6% for corporate entities and a simplified rate of 3% for asset management products [2] Group 2: Short-term Effects on Bond Market - The scarcity premium of tax-exempt existing bonds is expected to increase, leading to a potential decline in their yields, while the spread between newly issued taxable bonds and existing tax-exempt bonds may widen [3] - Market behavior is anticipated to show a phase of differentiation, with arbitrage trading becoming a dominant strategy, favoring a "long old bonds, short new bonds" approach [3] Group 3: Medium to Long-term Market Dynamics - The increased tax burden on interest from rate bonds may alter their yield relative to traditional credit bonds, prompting a reallocation of funds towards other asset classes such as interbank certificates of deposit, credit bonds, REITs, and equities [4] - Demand for taxable bonds through asset management products is expected to rise, while the supply rhythm of financial bonds may adjust accordingly [4] Group 4: Institutional Responses and Market Outlook - Financial institutions are exploring ways to optimize tax management through asset management product structures and adjusting the proportion of assets held to maturity [5] - Key focus areas include the stabilization of prices for tax-exempt existing bonds post-short-term volatility, changes in demand for long-term rate bonds, credit bond spread trends, and the issuance pace of bank certificates of deposit [5]