2022年9月底至2025年6月底，美元指数已经由114.1下降至96.9，降幅为15.1%。考虑到上一轮美联储加息周期已经结束，且美联储从2024年9月起已经步 入降息周期，笔者认为，我们基本上可以确定，从2022年9月底起至今，美元指数大概率已经步入新的一轮长周期，且美元指数的下行期可能持续较长时 间，后续跌幅也会相当显著。 注：本文第一部分发表于《财经》杂志，2025年7月8日。第二部分发表于《中国外汇》，2025年第24期。转载请注明出处。 一、美元指数大概率步入较长下行期 1971年至今，美元指数大致走出了三个先下降、后上升的长周期（图1）。 第一个周期的下降期为1971年年初至1978年10月底，美元指数由120.5下降至82.1，降幅为31.9%；上升期为1978年10月底至1985年2月底，美元指数由82.1 上升至164.7，升幅为100.6%。第二个周期的下降期为1985年2月底至1992年9月初，美元指数由164.7下降至78.3，降幅为52.5%；上升期为1992年9月初至 2001年7月初，美元指数由78.3上升至120.9，升幅为54.4%。第三个周期的下降期为2001年7月初至2 ...

Core Viewpoint - Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei expressed a nuanced view on whether there is a bubble in the AI industry, highlighting the potential of the technology while warning about risks associated with timing and economic returns [2][5]. Group 1: AI Industry Bubble - Amodei refrained from giving a straightforward yes or no answer regarding the existence of a bubble, indicating the complexity of the situation [2][5]. - He emphasized that while the technology holds promise, some participants in the ecosystem may make "timing errors" or face "poor situations" regarding economic returns [2][5]. Group 2: Economic Value and Risks - The uncertainty surrounding the timing of AI economic value growth poses inherent risks, particularly in relation to the lag time in building more data centers [2][6]. - Companies must manage risks responsibly to compete against authoritarian competitors, particularly from China, but some are taking unwise risks [2][6]. Group 3: AI Chip Depreciation - Amodei discussed the issue of AI chip depreciation, noting that while chips can last a long time, the rapid and cheaper introduction of new chips could lead to a decline in the value of older chips [3][6]. - Anthropic has made conservative assumptions to prepare for an uncertain future regarding chip value and overall industry dynamics [3]. Group 4: Revenue Growth - Anthropic's revenue has grown tenfold each year over the past three years, reaching $100 million in 2023 and projected to grow to $1 billion in 2024, with expectations of reaching $8-10 billion by the end of this year [3][7]. - Amodei cautioned against assuming that this growth pattern will continue, advocating for conservative planning due to the uncertainty of future revenue [3][7]. Group 5: Operational Challenges - AI companies must carefully plan their computational needs and data center investments to avoid under- or over-investing, which could lead to service failures or financial distress [4][6]. - Amodei warned that those taking on excessive risks might overextend themselves, particularly those who are inclined to adopt a "YOLO" (You Only Live Once) mentality [4].

Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for the US dollar is "oscillation" [4] Core Viewpoints of the Report - The US government shutdown has led to a passive tightening of liquidity, increasing market volatility. Once the shutdown ends, market sentiment is expected to be boosted. The US economy has not yet entered a recession, but the employment market is showing a clear weakening trend, and the economic outlook is pessimistic. The current situation of liquidity tightening may present a good entry opportunity, as it is expected to be temporary. Once the government reopens and the liquidity tightens eases, market risk appetite will recover [2][10][32] Summary by Relevant Catalog 1. Global Market Overview This Week - Market risk appetite declined, most global stock markets fell, and most bond yields rose. The US Treasury yield slightly increased to 4.09%. The US dollar index dropped 0.2% to 99.6, and non - US currencies showed mixed performance. The offshore RMB slightly declined by 0.05%, while the euro rose 0.25%, the pound rose 0.07%, and the yen rose 0.37%. Gold prices fluctuated around $4000 per ounce, the VIX index rose to 19, and the spot commodity index declined. Brent crude oil dropped 2.2% to $63.78 per barrel [1][8] 2. Market Trading Logic and Asset Performance 2.1 Stock Market - Most global stock markets fell. In developed markets, the S&P 500 dropped 1.63%, and the Eurozone stock markets mostly declined. In emerging markets, most stock markets rose, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising 1.08% and the Hang Seng Index rising 1.29%, while the Nikkei 225 index dropped 4.07%. The US government shutdown has dragged down the economy and employment, and the tightening of financial market liquidity has increased market volatility. The US stock market's upward trend has slowed, and concerns about high valuations and potential AI industry bubbles have increased. The domestic stock market is fluctuating at a high level, and the divergence between stock market performance and fundamentals persists [9][10][12] 2.2 Bond Market - Global bond yields showed mixed performance. The 10 - year US Treasury yield rose to 4.09%. The US government's continued shutdown, tightened financial market liquidity, and better - than - expected ADP employment data in October have reduced market expectations for a Fed rate cut in December. The Bank of England kept its policy unchanged, and the yields of major global government bonds tend to rise. The 10 - year Chinese government bond yield rebounded to 1.808%, and the domestic bond market continued to fluctuate [13][16][19] 2.3 Foreign Exchange Market - The US dollar index dropped 0.2% to 99.6, and non - US currencies showed mixed performance. The offshore RMB slightly declined by 0.05%, the euro rose 0.25%, the pound rose 0.07%, the yen rose 0.37%, the Swiss franc dropped 0.07%, the South Korean won dropped 2.2%, the New Zealand dollar dropped 1.8%, and the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and Indian rupee closed down, while the peso, real, and ringgit closed up [22][23][25] 2.4 Commodity Market - Spot gold oscillated slightly lower, closing at $4001 per ounce. The international gold price is fluctuating around $4000, with some bottom - fishing signs in the market. However, the uncertainty of a Fed rate cut in December and the temporary liquidity tightening in the US financial market have increased market volatility, and gold lacks upward momentum in the short term. Brent crude oil dropped 2.2% to $63.78 per barrel, and the supply - demand pattern of oil prices remains weak, with the commodity spot index closing down [26][28] 3. Hotspot Tracking - The government shutdown has led to passive liquidity tightening. The balance in the US Treasury's TGA account has significantly increased, resulting in a passive tightening effect, raising overnight interest rates and the US dollar index. This has led to a weakening of market risk appetite, and most assets have declined. It is expected that the government will reopen soon, and once it does, market risk appetite will recover [29][31][32] 4. Next Week's Important Event Tips - Monday: Release of the Bank of Japan's meeting minutes - Tuesday: Release of the US October NFIB Small Business Confidence Index - Wednesday: US Treasury Secretary Besent will give a speech - Thursday: Release of the Bank of Canada's interest rate meeting minutes - Friday: Release of China's October social retail sales and industrial added value [34]