新华社南京8月27日电（记者王珏玢、朱筱）8月29日将迎来七夕节。在古代神话中，牛郎和织女因为被 天上的银河隔开，只有在每年农历的七月初七才能通过鹊桥相会。不过在现实中，代表牛郎的牛郎星和 代表织女的织女星由于相隔甚远，即便在七夕节当天也无法相会，且二者还在"渐行渐远"。 里空,你们 8月29日 第四章 七夕节 在古代神话中,牛郎和织女因为被天上的银河隔开,只有在 每年农历的七月初七才能相会。不过在现实中,代表牛郎的牛郎 星和代表织女的织女星由于相隔甚远,即便在七夕节当天也无法 相会，且二者距离还在增大。 新华社国内部、新华社江苏分社联合制作 中国科学院紫金山天文台科普主管王科超说，在天文学上，代表牛郎、织女的天体分别是牛郎星和织女 星。牛郎星的中文名为河鼓二，织女星为织女一，它们分别是天鹰座和天琴座的亮星。河鼓二与附近的 河鼓一、河鼓三组成一个类似扁担的形状，像是牛郎的扁担。而织女一周边有四颗稍暗一些的恒星，排 列的形状有点像菱形，常被看作是织女的梭子。 0 | 百元 年前是和编写了 分别搭的是什么7 在天文学上,牛郎星的中文名为河鼓二,而织女星称为织女 河鼓二与附近的河鼓一、河鼓三组成一个类似扁担的形状, ...

Core Findings - The research team led by Xu Yigang from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry has accurately determined that the Apollo Basin on the Moon formed 4.16 billion years ago, providing key evidence for the Late Heavy Bombardment in the solar system [1][2] - This new finding advances the timeline for the onset of the Late Heavy Bombardment by at least 100 million years, challenging the previous hypothesis of a catastrophic increase in impact flux during 4 to 3.8 billion years ago [2] Research Methodology - The team analyzed 3.5 grams of lunar soil, discovering three rock fragments with diameters between 150 and 350 micrometers, which are ideal "rock clocks" that record impact events [1] - The age of the rock fragments was confirmed through a combination of remote sensing images and geochemical data, leading to the conclusion that the impact flux during the Late Heavy Bombardment was gradually decreasing rather than experiencing a sudden increase [2]

Core Viewpoint - China's astronomy is transitioning from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and even "leading" in the field of astronomical observation, as evidenced by the successful operation of major scientific instruments like the FAST and LAMOST telescopes, and participation in international scientific projects like SKA and GOTTA [1] Group 1: Current Developments in Astronomy - The FAST telescope has achieved world-leading status in low-frequency radio astronomy, while space telescopes like Tianwen, Wukong, and Weiyan form a detection matrix in high-energy astrophysics [1] - The upcoming China Space Station Engineering Survey Telescope (CSST) is expected to generate unprecedented amounts of data, discovering thousands of gravitational lens systems crucial for dark matter and dark energy research [2] Group 2: Public Engagement and Education - The CSST's data will serve as a significant scientific resource and a vehicle for public science education, encouraging societal participation in cosmic research and enhancing scientific literacy [2] - The National Astronomical Data Center has established a leading advantage in public astronomy science, utilizing AI models to create intelligent astronomy learning communities that allow public participation in scientific exploration [2] Group 3: Citizen Science Initiatives - The public's involvement in astronomy has accelerated data mining and made scientific exploration a shared endeavor, exemplified by projects like the China-VO supernova search, which has engaged thousands of participants [3] - Experts emphasize the importance of a robust reward mechanism to sustain public contributions to scientific research, advocating for a system that transforms contributions into growth resources [3][4] Group 4: Technological Advancements - The rise of big data, artificial intelligence, and global observation networks is profoundly changing the research methods in astronomy, injecting unprecedented vitality into the field through public science initiatives [4]

Core Insights - The largest black hole merger event ever recorded has been detected, resulting in a black hole approximately 225 times the mass of the Sun, located 10 billion light-years away [1][3]. Group 1: Event Details - The merger was captured by the LIGO observatories on November 23, 2023, with two detectors in Washington and Louisiana detecting gravitational waves [1]. - The two merging black holes had masses of 103 solar masses and 137 solar masses, respectively [1][3]. - The event has been designated as GW231123, marking it as the most significant black hole merger observed to date [1]. Group 2: Scientific Implications - The merging black holes are believed to be products of previous mergers, as their masses exceed what can be formed from the collapse of aging stars [3][4]. - The event pushes the limits of current observational instruments and data analysis capabilities, indicating the potential for further discoveries in gravitational wave astronomy [4]. Group 3: Future Research - Researchers acknowledge that fully analyzing the GW231123 signal and other detected signals will require time, with some complexities potentially taking years to resolve [5]. - The research team is working on improving analysis methods and theoretical models to better understand these phenomena [5].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Cosmic Archaeology: Time and Space Exploration" merges science and art to provide a new way for the public to understand the universe, showcasing interactive models and visualizations based on real astronomical data [1][3]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is organized by the National Museum of China, the Swiss Embassy in China, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, with collaboration from Tsinghua University's Department of Astronomy and Academy of Arts [3]. - It opened on July 2 and was officially opened to the public on July 3 at the National Museum of China [3]. Group 2: Interactive Installations - The exhibit "Dynamic Universe" utilizes a custom graphics rendering engine to transform vast astronomical data into interactive 3D models, allowing visitors to explore the universe across 27 orders of magnitude [4]. - "Cosmic Collision" is an interactive astrophysical visualization system that uses approximately 500 deep-space images from NASA telescopes to visualize phenomena like spiral nebula structures and galaxy collisions [4]. - The "Time-Space Elasticity" project visualizes gravitational lensing effects, providing a real-time simulation engine based on actual astronomical observation data [4]. Group 3: Themes and Reflections - The exhibition aims to make the invisible visible, transforming abstract cosmic data into understandable images and representations [5]. - It raises awareness about the sustainability of space exploration, highlighting the increasing amount of space debris from satellites and spacecraft [5]. - An interactive data visualization device presents the dynamic visualization of thousands of satellites and space debris, prompting a reconsideration of how to explore and manage space resources [5]. Group 4: Educational Aspects - The exhibition features works designed by students from Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts for future planetary journeys, emphasizing the integration of scientific thinking and experimental design [6]. - The curators believe that art serves as an effective medium to narrate scientific stories, making complex scientific data more accessible and relatable to the general public [6].

Core Points - The China Academy of Sciences' Purple Mountain Observatory has launched two significant telescope projects aimed at enhancing China's astronomical observation capabilities [1][2] - The 4.2-meter ground-based dedicated astrometric telescope will be the largest of its kind in China and is expected to be completed by 2027, focusing on high-precision measurements of celestial bodies within the solar system [1] - The 2.5-meter multi-terminal general telescope is designed for various observational needs and is expected to be completed by 2026, supporting both natural and artificial celestial body measurements [2] Group 1 - The 4.2-meter telescope will provide critical support for China's autonomous construction and long-term maintenance of solar system celestial body catalogs [1] - It features a large aperture, low distortion imaging, high precision positioning, and deep detection limits [1] - The telescope will also serve China's space missions and deep space exploration observational needs [1] Group 2 - The 2.5-meter telescope will facilitate multi-band and multi-type precision measurements, addressing national strategic needs such as lunar space safety and space asset protection [2] - It will be the largest coaxial laser ranging telescope in China upon completion [2] - The chosen location in Qinghai province offers optimal observational conditions due to minimal light pollution and excellent seeing [2]

Core Points - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' Zijinshan Observatory has initiated the construction of a 4.2-meter ground-based dedicated celestial measurement telescope and a 2.5-meter multi-terminal universal telescope, marking a significant advancement in China's precision astronomical observation capabilities [2][4][6] - The 4.2-meter telescope, set to be completed by 2027, will be the largest celestial measurement telescope in China, focusing on high-precision measurements of weak celestial bodies within the solar system [2][4] - The 2.5-meter telescope, expected to be completed by 2026, will be the largest coaxial laser ranging telescope in China, designed for multi-band and multi-type precision measurements of both natural and artificial celestial bodies [4][6] Telescope Specifications - The 4.2-meter telescope features a large aperture, low distortion imaging, high precision positioning, and deep detection limits, aimed at supporting the autonomous construction and long-term maintenance of China's solar system celestial catalog [2][4] - The 2.5-meter telescope is characterized by its medium aperture and multi-functional capabilities, catering to various observational needs and focusing on nearby targets and fast-moving celestial bodies [4][6] Research and Development Impact - The construction of these telescopes will significantly enhance China's capabilities in astronomical observation and space applications, providing foundational support for astronomical research and helping the country gain a technological edge in international basic astronomy and high-precision solar system observations [8]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of two telescopes, a 4.2-meter dedicated celestial measurement telescope and a 2.5-meter multi-terminal general telescope, has commenced in Qinghai, China, marking a significant advancement in the country's astronomical capabilities [1] Group 1: Telescope Specifications and Goals - The primary scientific objective of both telescopes is to observe solar system celestial bodies, utilizing complementary observational techniques to achieve high-precision "positioning" of these bodies [1] - Upon completion in 2027, the 4.2-meter telescope will be China's first 4-meter class single mirror astronomical telescope and the largest precision measurement telescope for solar system bodies internationally [1] Group 2: Impact on Astronomy and Space Exploration - The completion of these telescopes will represent a major breakthrough in China's astronomy field, establishing an internationally advanced ground-based optical precision observation system [1] - This development will significantly enhance China's capabilities in precise celestial measurement, providing robust observational support for astronomical research and the nation's ambitions in space exploration [1]

Group 1 - The core finding of the research indicates that the black hole at the center of the Milky Way may be spinning at a speed close to the theoretical limit [1][2] - The study utilized artificial intelligence to analyze millions of simulated data files, enhancing the precision of uncertainty quantification and achieving unprecedented accuracy in comparing observational data with theoretical models [2] - The research revealed that the radiation around the black hole primarily originates from extremely hot electrons in the accretion disk, rather than the previously theorized jets [1][2] Group 2 - The high-throughput computing technology employed in this research is likened to a symphony orchestra of thousands of computers, efficiently processing vast amounts of data [1] - This technology is currently supporting hundreds of global research projects across various fields, including neutrino detection and antibiotic resistance [1] - The study challenges long-standing theories regarding black hole behavior and provides new insights into the dynamics of accretion disks [1][2]

Core Viewpoint - Scientists from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Chicago have successfully observed polarized microwave signals from the early universe using a ground-based telescope, marking a significant advancement in astronomy by revealing insights into the "cosmic dawn" period, which occurred just a few hundred million years after the universe's birth [1]. Group 1 - The observation was made using a ground-based telescope located in the Andes Mountains of Chile [1]. - This achievement represents the first time that such weak signals, previously thought to be detectable only by space telescopes, have been detected from the ground [1]. - The findings were published in the latest issue of The Astrophysical Journal, highlighting the importance of this research in understanding a critical but poorly understood era in the universe's history [1].