央视网消息：中国气象局消息，根据我国"羲和号"卫星观测，近日，太阳发生了一次壮观的日珥爆发事件，大量的等离子体物质和能量被 抛向太空。这次爆发的威力极其强大，划出了一条长达约40万公里的炽热等离子体沟壑，其长度大致相当于地球到月球的距离。 日珥是由太阳等离子体构成的较冷且密集的丝带，它们可以通过磁场悬浮在太阳表面上，当这些日珥变得不稳定时，可能会剧烈爆发，有 时会引发日冕物质抛射，触发地球上的地磁暴，但这次事件发生在太阳的东边缘，并未对准地球，所以没有造成明显的近地空间环境变化。 太阳活动仍处峰年 空间天气灾害还将频发 像这样的日珥爆发事件，如果朝向地球，就可能引起近地空间天气变化。与地球上的"风雨雷电"类似，太阳和地球之间的广袤空间也 有"天气变化"，称为空间天气，主要包括太阳风、地磁暴、电离层扰动等。灾害性空间天气可导致卫星失效、通信中断、导航偏差、电网瘫痪 等重大风险。专家表示，随着太阳活动高年的到来，类似的事件已多次发生，目前太阳活动虽然有所减弱，但仍处于较高水平，未来太阳仍有 可能出现大规模爆发。 太阳活动具有约11年的周期性变化规律，从2019年开始的第25个太阳活动周已进入峰年阶段，2024年和 ...

Core Insights - The Parker Solar Probe has successfully completed another close flyby of the Sun, reaching a distance of approximately 6.2 million kilometers from the solar surface, and traveling at a speed of about 687,000 kilometers per hour, setting new distance records since late last year [1][3] - The probe aims to gather data on the solar atmosphere and solar wind, addressing scientific questions regarding the high temperature of the corona, the acceleration of solar wind, and the origins of high-energy solar particles [2][4] Group 1: Parker Solar Probe's Mission and Achievements - Since its launch in August 2018, the Parker Solar Probe has conducted 24 close flybys of the Sun, leading to significant discoveries such as the magnetic field reversal structure of solar wind and the confirmation of a dust-free zone near the Sun [3] - The probe is equipped with four advanced instruments designed to measure various physical parameters of solar wind and capture images of solar disturbances, ensuring its functionality under extreme solar radiation through a specially designed thermal protection system [2][3] Group 2: Solar Activity and Its Implications - The Sun exhibits an approximately 11-year cycle of activity, currently in its 25th solar cycle, characterized by an increase in sunspot numbers and complex magnetic structures, leading to frequent solar flares and coronal mass ejections that significantly impact the Earth's space environment [3][4] - Other international missions, including the European Solar Orbiter and China's Kuafu-1 and Xihe satellites, are also observing solar activity to enhance understanding of solar phenomena and improve predictive capabilities regarding solar storms, which can affect critical infrastructure on Earth [4]

太阳，这颗距离地球最近的恒星，源源不断地为地球提供光和热。然而，这颗演化了46亿年的星 球，还存有诸多未解之谜，静待人类探索。 如今，人类对太阳的观测仰望，又多了一双"慧眼"。6月24日，国家重大科研仪器研制项目"2.5米 大视场高分辨率太阳望远镜"（WeHoST）在四川稻城启动建设配套项目，预计2027年望远镜完成装调 并投入试运行。建成后，该望远镜将成为目前全世界最大的轴对称太阳望远镜。 "目前太阳研究的焦点问题之一是太阳爆发的物理机制。譬如太阳为何会爆发、太阳爆发是如何释 放能量的、太阳爆发对地球会产生什么影响等。"WeHoST项目负责人、南京大学天文与空间科学学院 教授丁明德介绍，WeHoST的科学目标就是观测研究太阳活动区的起源和演化，以及太阳爆发现象，特 别是太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射的特征和机制。 工欲善其事，必先利其器。"目前已有的大型太阳望远镜镜视场小，虽然能够清晰观察到太阳表面 小尺度的精细结构，但对于研究太阳活动区和太阳爆发活动还远远不够。而WeHoST最大的特点就是既 有大视场又有高分辨率，可以看到太阳爆发全貌。"中国科学院院士、南京大学天文与空间科学学院教 授方成表示，WeHoST的观测 ...

Core Insights - The research conducted by the Yunnan Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provides detailed observations of a rare C9.3-class white-light solar flare and its impact on the photosphere, challenging traditional mechanisms of white-light flare generation and supporting the role of Alfven waves as an energy transfer mechanism [1][4][5] Group 1: Solar Flare Observations - A C9.3-class white-light flare occurred on September 11, 2023, in NOAA active region 13431, exhibiting clear white-light enhancement despite its lower energy level compared to typical M or X-class flares [4] - Advanced solar observation systems, including the Chinese 1-meter New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), ASO-S satellite, and CHASE satellite, were utilized to capture the fine evolution of this flare [4] Group 2: Energy Transfer Mechanisms - Observations in the TiO band revealed significant white-light enhancement, characterized by two white-light cores and filament-like brightening structures, indicating contributions from deeper layers of the photosphere [4] - The presence of sudden photospheric vortex motions and a sharp increase in magnetic field strength suggest that the energy released by the flare may be rapidly transmitted to the photosphere via Alfven wave pulses [4][5] Group 3: Theoretical Implications - The study supports the "Alfven wave + electron beam synergy" theoretical model, estimating that the energy transmitted by Alfven waves could reach up to 10^30 erg, which can simultaneously accelerate non-thermal electrons and enhance the photospheric magnetic field [5] - The observed time delays in flare signals across different wavelengths (304Å, Hα, and TiO) align with the time scales required for Alfven wave propagation, further validating the proposed energy transfer mechanisms [5] Group 4: Broader Impact - This research expands the understanding of the conditions under which C-class solar flares can trigger observable white-light radiation, providing a solid observational foundation for future models of solar flare energy transfer [5] - The findings also highlight the capabilities of China's independent solar observation equipment in multi-band and high temporal-spatial resolution studies [5]