" 长征五号乙 " 运载火箭。资料图片 回望2025，中国科技创新在广袤天地间书写奋进篇章。科研视野向"四极"拓展，量子科技、月球研 究等领域涌现原创突破；科技创新与产业创新加速融合，人工智能、新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展；全球创 新指数排名中，我国升至第十位，夯实高水平科技自立自强的根基。 "十五五"规划建议中，46次提及"科技"，61次强调"创新"。本版推出"院士讲科普·年终特别报道"， 让我们在8位院士的答问中，回顾这一年科技创新的坚实脚步，打开面向未来的科学想象，共同奔赴科 技强国新征程。 ——编者 在以克计算的月壤里，能看见怎样的星辰大海 中国工程院院士 吴伟仁 于百万年人类史而言，现代自然科学的诞生与发展，只是历史之一瞬。不少科学知识都是从地球表 面观测自然现象演绎得来。深空探测一般指对月球及其以远的天体和空间开展的探测活动，已成为当今 世界最具挑战性和带动性的高科技领域之一。 2025年，在嫦娥六号取回的月球背面样品里，首次发现大型撞击事件成因的微米级赤铁矿和磁赤铁 矿晶体，揭示了全新的月球氧化反应机制，取得月球科学研究的重大突破；发射的天问二号探测器，将 在距地球远达4200万公里的空间，对一颗高速 ...

"长征五号乙"运载火箭。资料图片 回望2025，中国科技创新在广袤天地间书写奋进篇章。科研视野向"四极"拓展，量子科技、月球研究等 领域涌现原创突破；科技创新与产业创新加速融合，人工智能、新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展；全球创新指 数排名中，我国升至第十位，夯实高水平科技自立自强的根基。 "十五五"规划建议中，46次提及"科技"，61次强调"创新"。本版推出"院士讲科普·年终特别报道"，让我 们在8位院士的答问中，回顾这一年科技创新的坚实脚步，打开面向未来的科学想象，共同奔赴科技强 国新征程。 ——编 者 在以克计算的月壤里，能看见怎样的星辰大海 中国工程院院士 吴伟仁 于百万年人类史而言，现代自然科学的诞生与发展，只是历史之一瞬。不少科学知识都是从地球表面观 测自然现象演绎得来。深空探测一般指对月球及其以远的天体和空间开展的探测活动，已成为当今世界 最具挑战性和带动性的高科技领域之一。 2025年，在嫦娥六号取回的月球背面样品里，首次发现大型撞击事件成因的微米级赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿晶 体，揭示了全新的月球氧化反应机制，取得月球科学研究的重大突破；发射的天问二号探测器，将在距 地球远达4200万公里的空间，对一颗高速运行 ...

回望2025，中国科技创新在广袤天地间书写奋进篇章。科研视野向"四极"拓展，量子科技、月球研究等 领域涌现原创突破；科技创新与产业创新加速融合，人工智能、新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展；全球创新指 数排名中，我国升至第十位，夯实高水平科技自立自强的根基。 "十五五"规划建议中，46次提及"科技"，61次强调"创新"。本版推出"院士讲科普·年终特别报道"，让我 们在8位院士的答问中，回顾这一年科技创新的坚实脚步，打开面向未来的科学想象，共同奔赴科技强 国新征程。 ——编者 在以克计算的月壤里，能看见怎样的星辰大海 中国工程院院士吴伟仁 于百万年人类史而言，现代自然科学的诞生与发展，只是历史之一瞬。不少科学知识都是从地球表面观 测自然现象演绎得来。深空探测一般指对月球及其以远的天体和空间开展的探测活动，已成为当今世界 最具挑战性和带动性的高科技领域之一。 2025年，在嫦娥六号取回的月球背面样品里，首次发现大型撞击事件成因的微米级赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿晶 体，揭示了全新的月球氧化反应机制，取得月球科学研究的重大突破；发射的天问二号探测器，将在距 地球远达4200万公里的空间，对一颗高速运行的近地小行星抵近探测并预计于2027年 ...

【环球时报报道 记者 李迅典】作为我国首个太阳专属"摄影师"，中国首颗太阳探测科学技术试验卫 星"羲和号"自2021年10月14日发射以来，已开创5项国际突破，生成科学数据约1.2Pbit。这颗以中国太 阳女神命名的卫星正在距地球平均高度为517公里的太阳同步轨道上，以平均每95分钟绕地球一圈的速 度持续运行。"羲和号"首席科学家、南京大学教授丁明德日前在接受《环球时报》记者采访时用CT扫 描形象地比喻称："羲和号"不到一分钟就可以给整个太阳大气做一次具有300多层切片的三维CT成像观 测。不仅如此，中国更多太阳探测计划也正加速推进。 "羲和号"示意图 （受访者供图） 太阳专属的中国牌"CT扫描仪" 在浩渺太空中，传统卫星的微振动问题长期困扰着高精度观测。丁明德对记者说："传统卫星平台存在 微振动'难测、难控'的技术难题，平台舱飞轮、陀螺等活动部件的振动会不可避免地传递至载荷舱，造 成相机观测质量下降。" 来源：环球时报 2024年"羲和号"的另一项科学发现也震动国际学界——捕捉到罕见的X1级白光耀斑。丁明德对《环球 时报》记者表示："白光耀斑的最大科学难题是其加热和辐射机制，学界长期存在争议。初步研究发现 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant achievements in space science through its pilot project initiated in 2011, which has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan" [1] Group 1 - The pilot project has led to major original achievements, creating several "firsts" for China and even the world [1] - China's space science has transitioned from "catching up" and "keeping pace" to "leading" in certain areas, marking a historic leap [1] - The project has stimulated rapid advancements in cutting-edge payloads and satellite platform technologies [1]

Core Insights - The core focus of the news is the significant breakthroughs achieved by China's space science satellite missions, highlighting the advancements in space science and technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1][2]. Group 1: Achievements and Breakthroughs - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," and "Mozi," resulting in major original achievements and several firsts for China and the world [1]. - The "Wukong" satellite has made a notable discovery by identifying a hardening structure in the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei, achieving precise measurements in the energy range above 1 trillion electron volts per hertz [1]. Group 2: Future Plans - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will implement the space exploration scientific satellite plan, which includes projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu-2," aiming for breakthroughs in areas such as the cosmic dark age and exoplanet detection [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' National Space Science Center has announced significant breakthroughs in space science through various satellite missions, marking a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation and research capabilities [6][7]. Group 1: Achievements and Developments - The Space Science Pilot Project, initiated in 2011, has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [7]. - The project has expanded scientific research into four extreme areas: macro, micro, extreme conditions, and interdisciplinary integration, leading to significant advancements in technology and talent development [7]. - The project has established a new task system combining chief scientists and engineering leads, fostering a new generation of innovative researchers [7]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The "Smile" satellite represents the first deep collaboration project between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Space Agency, showcasing a comprehensive partnership in space science [8]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite, led by China, involves participation from the European Space Agency, Germany, and France, marking a significant collaborative effort in Chinese space science missions [8]. Group 3: Scientific Discoveries - The "Tian Guan" satellite has discovered a new type of X-ray transient source, providing crucial insights into mysterious celestial phenomena [10]. - The "Weiyang" satellite has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion mechanisms and gamma-ray bursts [10]. - The "Hua Ruo" satellite has identified new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts, enhancing knowledge of gravitational wave counterparts [10]. - The "Wu Kong" satellite achieved the first precise measurement of boron energy spectra in cosmic rays, revealing important propagation effects [11]. - The "Kua Fu" satellite found a lower-than-expected correlation between high-energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new clues about solar eruption mechanisms [12]. Group 4: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to implement new satellite missions, including the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kua Fu II," focusing on major issues such as the origins of the universe and space weather [12]. - The center aims to produce more groundbreaking scientific results that will support China's technological independence and contribute to the nation's goals of becoming a leading space and technology power [12].

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant scientific breakthroughs from space science satellite missions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with plans to implement the "Space Exploration Science Satellite Program" in the upcoming 14th Five-Year Plan [1][3]. Group 1: Space Science Satellite Missions - The program will involve the development and launch of four space science satellite missions aimed at exploring cosmic mysteries, including the "Hongmeng Plan" for detecting the cosmic dark age, "Kuafu-2" for direct imaging of the solar polar regions, an exoplanet survey mission to find "Earth 2.0," and an enhanced X-ray time-variable and polarization space observatory to study new physical laws under extreme cosmic conditions [3][5]. - The director of the National Space Science Center, Wang Chi, emphasized the goal of achieving original scientific breakthroughs in understanding the origins and evolution of the universe, space weather, and extraterrestrial life by 2035 [5]. Group 2: Achievements in Space Science - Since its inception in 2011, the space science pilot project has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellite missions, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan," leading to significant discoveries such as the first X-ray all-sky map and the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum measurements [7]. - These missions have contributed to a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation, marking a significant milestone in the country's scientific capabilities [7]. Group 3: Lunar Research - Recent studies revealed that the lunar soil brought back by the Chang'e 6 mission from the far side of the moon has unique properties, being significantly drier than the Sahara Desert and exhibiting a sticky texture due to static electricity rather than water [8][10]. - The far side of the moon has undergone more intense meteorite impacts, resulting in finer and more angular soil particles, which contribute to its unique physical characteristics and implications for future lunar exploration and base construction [12].

Core Insights - The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant scientific breakthroughs in space science, marking a historic leap for China's space science innovation and positioning it as a leader in certain fields [1][5]. Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - Since its launch in 2011, the space science initiative has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [2]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite created the world's first X-ray all-sky map, while the "Wu Kong" satellite provided the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum to date [2]. - The "Hui Yan" satellite directly measured the universe's strongest magnetic fields and detected high-speed jets near black holes, showcasing advancements in extreme condition measurements [2][3]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The initiative has fostered new paradigms of international cooperation, including the "Tian Guan" satellite project, which involved collaboration with the European Space Agency and other European countries [4]. - The "Wei Xiao" satellite project represents a comprehensive collaboration between China and Europe, covering all phases from design to data analysis [4]. Group 3: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to focus on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with upcoming projects including the "Hong Meng Plan" and "Kua Fu II" [4]. - The goal is to achieve breakthroughs in areas like the dark ages of the universe and exoplanet detection during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4].

Core Insights - The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant breakthroughs in space science, marking a historic leap for China's space science innovation and positioning it as a leader in certain fields [1][5]. Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - Since its launch in 2011, the space science initiative has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and creating multiple "firsts" for China and the world [2]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite produced the world's first all-sky X-ray map, while the "Wu Kong" satellite provided the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum to date [2]. - The "Hui Yan" satellite directly measured the universe's strongest magnetic fields and detected high-speed jets near black holes, showcasing advancements in extreme condition measurements [2]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The initiative has driven significant advancements in cutting-edge payload and satellite platform technologies, including breakthroughs in key technologies such as ground-space optical alignment [3]. - The development of a large field-of-view, high-sensitivity lobster-eye X-ray telescope has positioned China at a leading level internationally [3]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The initiative has fostered new paradigms of international cooperation, including the "Tian Guan" satellite project, which involved collaboration with the European Space Agency and other European countries [4]. - The "Smile" satellite project represents a comprehensive collaboration between China and Europe, covering all phases from design to data analysis [4]. Group 4: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to focus on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with upcoming projects including the "Hong Meng Plan" and "Kua Fu II" [4]. - The goal is to achieve breakthroughs in areas like the dark ages of the universe, solar magnetic activity cycles, and exoplanet detection during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4].