获得诺奖的坂口志文（左）和北川进（右） 日本迄今为止获得化学奖的有8人。2023年日本的博士课程毕业生中，专攻STEM（科学、技 术、工程、数学）领域的比例为35%。低于成员国的平均水平（43%），在38个国家中排名 第32位。今年日本人连获诺奖"将刺激日本年轻一代，促进理科人才的培养"…… 今年两个人获得诺贝尔奖的壮举让日本科学界沸腾。京都大学特别教授北川进获得诺贝尔化 学奖是自2019年吉野彰获得该奖以来，日本研究人员再次获得。在研究能力低下长期被指出 的情况下，有期待的声音认为"这将刺激日本年轻一代，促进理科人才的培养"。 坂口志文6日晚向发来贺电的文部科学相阿部俊子表示，"感觉日本对基础科学的支援越来越 不足"。阿部俊子表示，将努力确保支援年轻研究人员的财源。 日本迄今为止获得化学奖的有8人。1981年展示可从电子轨道计算有机化学合成的福井谦一 第一次获得该奖。此后近20年里远离荣誉，但2000年白川英树因开发出导电塑料"导电性高 分子"而获得高度评价，最终获奖。进入21世纪后，获奖者不断产生。 曾是岛津制作所工程师的田中耕一获奖是在2002年。没有硕士学位和博士学位的"上班族研 究者"的壮举成为了话 ...

来源：光明日报 今年9月是首个全国科普月。合肥的大科学装置等前沿科技科普场所迎来一批又一批外地游客；北京经 开区联合新兴科技企业设计的科普研学路线，预约通道开放即"秒光"；各地科技馆爆满，即使节假日加 开夜场，预约名额也供不应求……中国科协发布的数据显示，全国科普月期间，超5亿人次参与各类网 络科普活动，"千万IP创科普"话题传播量超138.5亿人次。 这一幕幕火爆场景，折射出当前科普领域突出的矛盾：公众对前沿科普的热情持续升温，但优质科普展 品的供给速度却难以匹配需求。科普资源"需求侧"井喷，"供给侧"该如何应对？ 爆满背后是对科普"快半拍"的期待 9月的中国科技馆，人流如织。该馆最新推出的"科创筑基·科普惠民"创新成果展异常火爆。"节假日的 预约通道一开放就'秒光'。"在中国科技馆，一位带着孩子从外地专程赶来的家长说。 记者在展览现场看到，观众像发现新大陆般围着一块块"神奇布料"——这是复旦大学彭慧胜院士团队研 发的可穿戴电子织物。这些看似普通的布料，不仅能给手机充电，还能变身显示屏，未来甚至可能成为 电池、传感器。"这比科幻电影还酷！"一位中学生兴奋地触摸着展品。 祖冲之三号超导量子计算机模型前人头攒动 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the severe impact of funding cuts on scientific research in the U.S., particularly at UCLA, where even top mathematicians like Terence Tao are struggling to secure funding for their research and students [2][4][5]. Funding Cuts and Their Impact - On July 25, 2023, the U.S. government abruptly suspended funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to UCLA, amounting to $500 million [4]. - Although a federal court restored some funding on August 12, the funds had not yet been disbursed by early September [5]. - The funding cuts have led to significant disruptions in ongoing research projects and have severely affected graduate students' opportunities for academic development [12][21]. Personal Experiences and Concerns - Terence Tao expressed greater concern for his students than for himself, emphasizing that the funding is crucial for their participation in academic conferences and career development [6][12]. - Tao has had to shift his focus from research to fundraising activities due to the funding crisis [7][19]. Broader Implications for the Research Ecosystem - The article discusses how the cuts have eroded the independence of the research ecosystem, with many ongoing projects being abruptly halted [12][15]. - Tao noted that the NSF's funding has historically facilitated collaboration between universities, laboratories, and industry, which is essential for scientific advancement [14]. Psychological Impact on Students - The funding instability creates an environment of uncertainty, negatively affecting students' mental health and their ability to focus on research [23]. - Tao highlighted that the loss of funding directly impacts students' scholarships and research assistant positions, which are vital for their livelihoods [21][22]. Future Considerations - In an interview, Tao expressed uncertainty about his future in the U.S. academic landscape, indicating a potential shift in his perspective on remaining in the country due to the funding issues [24].

Core Viewpoint - Hainan Free Trade Port should leverage its comparative advantages to connect with the domestic market and ASEAN countries, creating a favorable investment environment for foreign investors [4][12]. Group 1: Hainan and Greater Bay Area Integration - Hainan's development must be linked with the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as both are national strategies that can mutually benefit from each other [5]. - The Greater Bay Area can utilize Hainan's free trade policies for its development, while Hainan can connect with the socio-economic activities of the Greater Bay Area to enhance its own growth [5]. Group 2: Key Areas for Development - Hainan can focus on high-tech and high-value-added industries, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector, to attract investment and innovation [6]. - The integration of Hainan's policies with those of Hong Kong can facilitate comprehensive reforms and accelerate Hainan's development [8]. Group 3: Learning from Hong Kong - Hainan should adopt Hong Kong's regulatory frameworks to enhance its service industry, as services are heavily reliant on rules and regulations [9]. - The establishment of application-oriented universities in Hainan can help transform basic research from Hong Kong into practical economic activities [11]. Group 4: Attracting Foreign Investment - Hainan's strategy to attract foreign investment hinges on its ability to connect with both the domestic market and ASEAN, making it an attractive destination for businesses [13]. - The focus should be on creating a friendly business environment through comprehensive reforms, which will encourage international capital to view Hainan as a key junction between China and the world [13].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a research guidance program focused on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for autonomous driving, aimed at helping students develop their research skills and produce publishable papers in the field [5][36]. Group 1: Program Overview - The VLA research guidance program includes 12 weeks of online group research, 2 weeks of paper guidance, and 10 weeks of paper maintenance [15][36]. - The program addresses common issues faced by students, such as lack of direction, poor hands-on skills, and difficulties in writing and submitting papers [38]. Group 2: Course Structure - The course is structured into 14 weeks, covering topics from introductory lessons to advanced VLA models and paper writing methodologies [10][12][37]. - Key topics include traditional end-to-end autonomous driving, modular VLA models, and reasoning-enhanced VLA models [10][12][36]. Group 3: Target Audience and Requirements - The program targets students at various academic levels (bachelor's, master's, and doctoral) who are interested in enhancing their research capabilities in autonomous driving and AI [16][36]. - Basic requirements include familiarity with deep learning, Python programming, and the use of PyTorch [22][36]. Group 4: Course Benefits - Participants will gain insights into classic and cutting-edge papers, coding skills, and methodologies for writing and revising papers [21][36]. - The program aims to provide each student with a research idea, enhancing their ability to conduct independent research [21][36]. Group 5: Teaching Methodology - The program employs a "2+1" teaching model, featuring a main instructor and additional support staff to ensure comprehensive learning [24][25]. - Continuous assessment and feedback mechanisms are in place to optimize the learning experience and address individual student needs [25][36].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. scientific research system is facing unprecedented challenges due to abrupt funding cuts from the government, leading to a crisis in research institutions like UCLA and IPAM, which are struggling to maintain operations and support for emerging scientists [1][5][12]. Group 1: Impact on Research Funding - The U.S. government has implemented drastic cuts to research funding, resulting in the suspension of billions in ongoing projects and experiments [12][14]. - Many scholarships and research grants aimed at nurturing the next generation of scientists have been significantly reduced, causing a loss of opportunities for students and postdoctoral researchers [14][19]. - The National Science Foundation (NSF) has drastically cut funding for key programs, leading to delays and interruptions in research plans [14][19]. Group 2: Personal Accounts and Reactions - Mathematician Terence Tao expressed deep frustration over the funding cuts, stating that he has never felt such despair in his 25-year research career [1][6]. - Tao's personal research funding has been suspended, and he has had to prioritize summer funding for his students amid the crisis [14][16]. - The leadership at UCLA has emphasized that research funding is an investment in the future, not a form of charity [17]. Group 3: Broader Implications for U.S. Science - The cuts are seen as a systematic dismantling of the research ecosystem that has historically supported scientific breakthroughs in the U.S. [11][12]. - The abrupt changes have bypassed established procedures, undermining the independence of the research community and its ability to respond to challenges [12][23]. - The government's actions have raised concerns about the future of scientific inquiry and the role of science in addressing national and global challenges [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Life Sciences Open Alliance aims to promote the integration of technological and industrial innovation in the life sciences sector, enhancing collaboration among high-level universities and research institutions in mainland China and Hong Kong-Macau to address global challenges such as human health, food crises, and extreme weather [1][2]. Group 1 - The alliance was launched on August 12, involving 15 universities and research institutions from mainland China and Hong Kong-Macau, including notable institutions like Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the University of Hong Kong [1]. - The alliance's objectives include fostering international collaboration in talent cultivation, technological innovation paradigm shifts, and the transformation of research outcomes [1][2]. - The alliance aims to create a global innovation network and a hub for talent development in the life sciences field [1]. Group 2 - The alliance plans to develop a series of high-level journals in the life sciences, with the main journal "Vita" being led by West Lake University and published by the Higher Education Press [2]. - It will establish an international open ecosystem for research data, addressing compliance and usability issues, and creating a high-quality data open platform [2]. - The alliance will leverage the advantages of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area to accelerate technology transfer and transformation mechanisms between mainland and Hong Kong-Macau [2].

Core Viewpoint - Shandong Province is implementing a comprehensive reform of the evaluation system for scientific and technological talents, aiming to enhance innovation vitality by categorizing talents based on their roles and contributions [2][4]. Group 1: Reform Overview - The reform will officially start in January 2024, with Shandong being one of six pilot provinces, focusing on a "classification-oriented" approach [2]. - The evaluation system will categorize scientific talents into four main types: those undertaking major national and provincial tasks, basic research, applied research and technology development, and social welfare research [2][4]. Group 2: Evaluation Criteria - For applied research and technology development talents, the reform emphasizes market-oriented evaluation metrics, including technology contract transaction amounts and market valuations [3]. - Basic research talents will be evaluated based on originality and contribution rather than the quantity of publications or impact factors [3][4]. - Social welfare research talents will be assessed based on their contributions to specific sectors like agriculture and healthcare, with a focus on societal impact [4]. Group 3: Pilot Unit Examples - Qingdao University of Science and Technology has delegated evaluation authority to key research teams and established special channels for urgently needed talents [3]. - Shandong University has increased the weight of performance in completing major tasks in its evaluation metrics, resulting in a 60% year-on-year increase in the number of national key research projects undertaken [4]. - The Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Eye Hospital has implemented a new evaluation system that prioritizes clinical skills and contributions for promotions, benefiting doctors like Wang Fuhua [4]. Group 4: Impact of the Reform - The reform has led to over 160 individuals receiving expedited promotions through a "one-vote pass" system in the past year across 20 pilot units [5].

Core Viewpoint - The public science day event organized by the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully engaged over 5,000 attendees, showcasing the intersection of science and entertainment through interactive experiments and demonstrations [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Event Highlights - The event featured a variety of interactive science experiments, including a performance titled "Nezha is Here! Unlocking the Superpowers in Movies," which explained the scientific principles behind mythical abilities [1] - Attendees experienced hands-on demonstrations, such as water-repellent paper made from modified cellulose, showcasing innovative materials inspired by nature [1][2] - The "Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream" booth attracted significant attention, illustrating the fun side of science through culinary applications [2] Group 2: Scientific Engagement - The event included over 30 interactive experiments covering diverse scientific fields such as photochemistry, bionic materials, low-temperature physics, and crystal lasers, making complex scientific concepts accessible to the public [2] - A "Low-Temperature Cryotherapy Experience Chamber" allowed participants to experience extreme cold safely, highlighting the practical applications of scientific research in sports recovery [3] - The event fostered dialogue between researchers and the public, transforming complex scientific work into engaging and relatable experiences [3][4] Group 3: Impact on Public Perception - The event inspired young attendees, with children expressing aspirations to invent advanced materials, indicating a successful cultivation of scientific curiosity and ambition [4] - The interactive nature of the event helped demystify scientific research, making it more approachable and enjoyable for the general public [3][4]

Group 1 - The event showcased over 30 scientific experiments covering various disciplines such as photochemistry, bionic materials, low-temperature physics, and laser technology [1] - The theme of the event was "Inquire with Science, Ignite a New Future," highlighting its role as a significant platform for public engagement with science [3] - The event has been held annually since 2005, evolving into a nationwide brand for science popularization with high participation and social impact [3] Group 2 - Interactive activities included a 3D visualization project for protein structures and a treasure hunt game for children to learn science [2] - Public engagement was enhanced through hands-on experiences, such as assembling batteries and understanding targeted drug models [2] - Prominent scientists, including academicians, participated in lectures and discussions, sharing cutting-edge research and inspiring youth to pursue scientific careers [2][3]