（文章来源：新华财经） USDA最新干旱报告显示，截至8月5日当周，约3%的美国大豆种植区域受到干旱影响，而此前一周为 5%，去年同期为4%。约3%的美国玉米种植区域受到干旱影响，而此前一周为7%，去年同期为5%。约 3%的美国棉花种植区域受到干旱影响，而此前一周为5%，去年同期为10%。 ...

农业农村部有关负责人就2025年国家农作物优良品种推广目录和农业主导品种主推技术答记者问时表 示，国家农作物优良品种推广目录（2025年）聚焦"粮袋子""油瓶子""菜篮子""果盘子"等重要农产品， 在2023年发布10种作物基础上新增了11种作物，共遴选推介21种作物、326个优良品种。 今年，我国聚焦小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆、油菜五大粮油作物，在702个主产县整建制推进大面积单产 提升，通过全环节、全过程挖掘粮油单产潜力，集成应用综合性增产技术，特别是密植技术的推广应 用，有效提升了每亩土地的产量。 "今年秋粮生产基础不错。"农业农村部种植业管理司负责人吕修涛在上半年农业农村经济运行情况新闻 发布会上说。当前，距离秋粮大面积收获还有2个月时间，农业农村部已启动实施"奋战100天抓夏管提 单产抗灾夺秋粮丰收行动"，并联合多部门对抗灾夺丰收作了部署安排。 秋粮占全年粮食产量七成以上，主要包括水稻、玉米、大豆，分布在东北、黄淮海、长江中下游、西南 地区等地的13个粮食主产区。今年以来，农业农村部组织开展了2025年国家农作物优良品种推广目录和 农业主导品种主推技术遴选制定工作，旨在加快新品种新技术推广应用，推进良田 ...

近日，省植保植检总站发布我省下半年全省农作物病虫害趋势预报，预计主要病虫害将呈中等至偏 重发生。其中，二代玉米螟、二代二化螟等重大害虫中等发生，三代棉铃虫、三代粘虫、甜菜夜蛾等迁 飞性害虫部分地区存在偏重发生至大发生风险。 此外，田间生态条件适合病虫害发生，目前玉米田处于抽雄吐丝期、水稻田进入孕穗期，作物长势 旺盛，田间郁闭，通风透光差，植株正由营养生长向生殖生长过渡，抗病虫能力减弱，利于各种病虫害 的发生。我省主要粮食作物大面积连片种植，且采取免耕、浅耕、密植、秸秆还田等栽培措施，利于田 间菌源虫源积累和病虫害发生。 值得关注的是，随着西太平洋副热带高压逐步增强北抬，西南气流偏多，我省区域性大范围强降雨 天气增多，有利于棉铃虫、粘虫迁入。而8月上中旬可能有北上台风影响我省沿海地区，则利于草地贪 夜蛾迁入和玉米南方锈病传入。 据介绍，作出这一虫情预判，是根据全省各农作物病虫害监测点调查情况、迁飞性害虫虫源地发生 情况及本地残虫情况，结合全省下半年气候趋势预测、农作物布局及生态条件等综合分析而来。 ...

Core Insights - The research reveals that the potato originated from an ancient hybridization event between the tomato group and the wild potato group approximately 9 million years ago, leading to the creation of the unique tuber organ [1][12] - This study provides a new theoretical perspective for potato genetic breeding and highlights the role of hybridization in species formation [12] Group 1: Potato's Origin - Potatoes are a crucial crop, originally from South America, providing staple food for 1.3 billion people globally due to their high nutritional value and adaptability [2] - The potato group, tomato group, and wild potato group are sister taxa, with molecular evolution analysis indicating a closer relationship between potatoes and tomatoes than previously thought [2][5] - The study confirms that potatoes are a hybrid species resulting from the crossbreeding of wild potatoes and tomatoes, with tomatoes as the maternal parent and wild potatoes as the paternal parent [5][12] Group 2: Genetic Mechanisms - The formation of the potato tuber is attributed to genomic recombination, where the hybridization of ancestral species led to the creation of this unique organ [7][10] - Key genes involved in tuber formation were identified, with the main regulatory gene SP6A derived from the tomato group and the gene IT1 from the wild potato group [10] - The discovery of two additional tuber-related genes, DRN and CLF, further elucidates the genetic basis for tuber development [10] Group 3: Evolutionary Impact - The hybridization event not only created the tuber but also enriched the genetic diversity within the potato group, with about 24% of the genetic components showing a mosaic pattern from different parental alleles [10][12] - This genetic diversity allows potatoes to adapt to various environmental conditions, enhancing their survival and reproductive capabilities [10] - The tuber provides a significant survival advantage, enabling potatoes to store water and starch, and allowing for asexual reproduction through tuber sprouting [10][12]

Core Insights - The research reveals that potatoes originated from an ancient hybridization event between the tomato group and the wild potato group approximately 9 million years ago, resulting in the unique tuber organ of potatoes [1] - The genetic contribution of the two parent species to potatoes is approximately 40% from the tomato group and 60% from the wild potato group [1] - The formation of tubers is attributed to the recombination and interactive regulation of alleles from the potato's ancestors, with key genes such as SP6A from the tomato group and IT1 from the wild potato group playing significant roles [1] Agricultural Significance - The tuber formation provides potatoes with survival advantages, including the ability to store water and starch, which helps them endure drought and cold seasons [1] - Potatoes can reproduce without seeds or pollination, as new plants can sprout directly from the buds on the tubers [1] - Potatoes are a crucial crop, with over 1.3 billion people globally relying on them as a staple food [1] Research Implications - The findings from Chinese scientists are expected to offer a new theoretical perspective for potato genetic breeding [1]

Group 1 - The report presents the sowing rates of soybeans and corn from April 4th to June 6th, comparing them with the 5 - year average and the same period last year [1] - The emergence rates of soybeans and corn are shown from May 2nd to July 4th and July 20th respectively, along with the 5 - year average and last - year's data [1] - The flowering rate of soybeans and the silking rate of corn from June 20th to July 25th are presented, compared with the 5 - year average and last - year's figures [1] - The pod - setting rate of soybeans from June 27th to July 25th and the dough stage rate of corn from July 4th to July 25th are given, along with the 5 - year average and last - year's data [1] - The data for the years 2021 - 2025 regarding some unspecified indicators (with values ranging from 45 - 80) are also included [1]

智通财经7月29日电，南非作物部门将2025年玉米作物预测值上调1.6%。 ...

Group 1: Agricultural Crop Growth Rates - Key Point 1: The report presents data on the sowing, emergence, flowering, pod - setting, silking, and wax - ripening rates of soybeans and corn, comparing them with 5 - year averages and last year's figures [1] - Key Point 2: Crop growth rate data for soybeans is shown from April 4 to July 18, including sowing rate, emergence rate, flowering rate, and pod - setting rate [1] - Key Point 3: Corn growth rate data is presented from April 4 to July 18, covering sowing rate, emergence rate, silking rate, and wax - ripening rate [1] - Key Point 4: The report also provides historical data on a certain index (not clearly specified) from 2021 to 2025 [1]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has approved 153 wheat varieties, with a focus on high yield and stability, accounting for nearly 80% of the approved varieties, with an increase of over 3% compared to control varieties [1][2] - The newly approved wheat varieties show significant improvements in disease resistance, with 12 varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight and 20 resistant to stripe rust, indicating advancements in disease-resistant breeding [1] - The proportion of high-quality specialized wheat varieties has increased, with 37 approved varieties, representing 25% of the total, which is a 3% increase from 2024, enhancing options for specific food products [1] Group 2 - The introduction of high-yield, green, and water-saving wheat varieties has led to a steady increase in yield levels, with over 75% of the approved varieties being high-yielding and stable [2] - Water-saving varieties have shown significant cost-saving benefits, such as the Malan No. 1 variety, which saves over 50 cubic meters of water per acre, with a cumulative promotion area exceeding 9 million acres [2] - The announcement also included the approval of 13 rice varieties and 34 corn varieties, while 12 rice and 17 corn varieties were revoked, indicating a dynamic management approach to variety approval [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful harvest of "small ice wheat" in Jilin province, showcasing the integration of modern agricultural technology and traditional farming practices to enhance productivity and sustainability [1][10][12]. Group 1: Agricultural Practices - The small ice wheat, a unique local variety in Jilin, has been cultivated since 1999, with a stable planting system established over two decades [3][10]. - The planting area for small ice wheat in the county reached 10,000 acres this year, with the core production area in Nankangzi Village expected to complete harvesting by July 20 [3][6]. - The integration of modern agricultural technologies, such as mechanized harvesting and precision nutrient supply, has significantly improved efficiency and reduced resource waste [10][12]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The expected yield for the 10,000 acres of small ice wheat is 2,700 tons, with a projected value of 18.9 million yuan after processing [6][12]. - In Taonan City, the planting area for small ice wheat has reached 26,000 acres, indicating a growing trend in wheat cultivation [5][8]. - The cultivation of small ice wheat not only boosts local farmers' incomes but also contributes to the overall economic development of the region through value-added agricultural practices [12][13]. Group 3: Environmental Benefits - The practice of crop rotation, including the subsequent planting of oat grass, enhances soil fertility and prevents land degradation, contributing to ecological sustainability [6][10]. - The use of straw from wheat harvesting for soil improvement aligns with sustainable agricultural practices, promoting long-term land health [6][10]. Group 4: Market Development - The "Nankangzi" brand of small ice wheat flour has established a strong market presence due to its high-quality standards, supported by years of industry development [12][13]. - Collaboration with various stakeholders, including agricultural research institutions and food supply chains, is planned to enhance market reach and product distribution [12][13].