Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the rapid advancements in nuclear fusion projects both domestically and internationally, highlighting significant investments and technological breakthroughs that could lead to commercial viability in the near future [2][6][21]. Group 1: Recent Developments in Domestic Fusion Projects - The "BEST" project has commenced assembly ahead of schedule, with the goal of completing construction by 2027 [4]. - Various tenders related to the "BEST" and "Xinghuo No. 1" projects have been launched, indicating a robust pipeline of activities and investments [4][6]. - The "Chinese Circulation No. 3" project achieved a significant milestone with a fusion triple product reaching 10^20, marking a critical advancement in plasma performance [4]. Group 2: Investment and Financing Trends - TAE Technologies, a leading U.S. fusion company, raised over $150 million in its latest funding round, bringing its total funding to $1.35 billion, with participation from major investors like Chevron and Google [6]. - Japan announced an additional investment of 10 billion yen (approximately $69 million) into its three major fusion research institutions, aiming for commercialization in the 2030s [6]. - The UK government plans to invest £2.5 billion over the next five years to advance its fusion energy initiatives, including the STEP project [6]. Group 3: Technological Innovations Driving Progress - Innovative magnetic field structures, such as spherical tokamaks, are expected to enhance confinement performance and increase fusion power output in smaller volumes [8]. - The application of high-temperature superconductors is anticipated to significantly improve fusion output power by allowing for higher current densities and stronger magnetic fields [12][14]. - The integration of AI and supercomputing technologies is facilitating real-time predictions and optimizations in plasma behavior, thereby accelerating research and development processes [16]. Group 4: Global Competition and Market Dynamics - The U.S. and China are the largest investors in nuclear fusion, with China's investment growth outpacing that of the U.S. in recent years [18][23]. - As of 2024, the U.S. has invested $5.63 billion in fusion, while China has invested $2.49 billion, indicating a competitive landscape [23]. - The article outlines the potential for fusion energy to meet global energy demands sustainably, with significant advantages over traditional energy sources [21][24]. Group 5: Future Outlook and Application Scenarios - The most optimistic projections suggest that the first fusion power plant could connect to the grid between 2025 and 2030, while a more conservative estimate places this timeline between 2031 and 2035 [48]. - The potential applications of nuclear fusion include electricity generation, industrial heating, and propulsion for spacecraft, with key developments expected around 2030 [53][55]. - The article highlights a "three-step" strategy for China's fusion energy application, progressing from experimental validation to commercial demonstration [42].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the accelerating development and investment in controllable nuclear fusion technology, which is seen as a "ultimate energy" solution amid geopolitical tensions and energy security concerns in China [1][7]. Group 1: Energy Security and Nuclear Fusion - China's energy import dependency is at 20%, with oil strategic reserves only sufficient for 24 days, highlighting severe energy security issues [1]. - Controllable nuclear fusion offers significant advantages, such as the energy released from 1 gram of deuterium-tritium fuel being equivalent to 8 tons of oil, and the cost of generating electricity can be controlled below 0.005 yuan per kilowatt-hour [1][6]. - The Chinese government has included nuclear fusion in its "Top Ten Future Industries" initiative, planning over 300 billion yuan investment by 2030 [1]. Group 2: Investment and Commercialization - Social capital is actively investing in nuclear fusion projects, with notable investments like the 3.275 billion yuan increase in Kunlun Capital aimed at controllable nuclear fusion [2]. - The establishment of Fusion New Energy, a core platform for commercializing nuclear fusion technology, has attracted significant investment, with registered capital reaching 14.5 billion yuan [2]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The CRAFT project, a key system for fusion reactors, achieved full domestic production of its low-noise current drive system, marking a significant technological milestone [3]. - The HL-3, China's largest and most advanced nuclear fusion experimental device, achieved new operational records, indicating rapid progress in fusion technology [3]. Group 4: Market Potential and Future Outlook - The global controllable nuclear fusion market is projected to reach $496.5 billion by 2030 and may exceed $1 trillion by 2050 [6]. - The article notes a decline in China's crude oil imports for the first time in 20 years, reflecting a strategic shift towards reducing oil dependency and increasing focus on nuclear fusion as a viable energy solution [6][7].

证券研究报告 能源转型：可控核聚变发展加速，助力能源转型 华安证券研究所 张志邦（SAC职业证书号S0010523120004）zhangzhibang@hazq.com 王 璐（SAC职业证书号S0010525040001）wanglu1@hazq.com 2025年6月20日 目录 1.为什么现在关注核聚变？ 2.国内外核聚变行业进展及格局如何？ 2.1国内：科研院所引领，商业公司跟进 2.2国外：美国公司数量领先/技术多元，最早在2028实现聚变能源商业化 3.如何展望行业后续节奏？ 3.1后续展望：核聚变商业化发电时间在2030年代、落地场景多样、存在供给侧约束问题 4.核聚变板块投资机会梳理 4.1核聚变制造端产业链解析 附录：可控核聚变介绍 2 1.1短期有进展：国内外聚变项目招标/融资密集落地，商业/技术进展加快 1.2中期有加速：AI/高端材料等技术创新的带动下，聚变输出功率提升超预期 1.3重要性提升：全球竞赛的重要一环，能源转型的重要导向 1 为什么现在关注核聚变？ 3 1.1 国内外核聚变项目的近期进展 4 国内聚变项目开工/招标/技术进展加速 | 1 | 项目开工建设 | | --- ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant advancements in nuclear fusion research in Hefei, particularly the achievements of the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) device, which has set world records in plasma operation, marking a crucial step towards the realization of nuclear fusion as a viable energy source [1][4][8]. Group 1: Progress of "Artificial Sun" - The EAST device achieved a plasma temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, setting a new world record for high confinement mode operation [1][4]. - The CRAFT (Kua Fu) low ripple current drive system has passed expert testing and has been fully domesticated, playing a key role in heating plasma to extreme temperatures [1][4]. - Since its establishment in 2006, the EAST device has conducted over 150,000 experiments, contributing valuable data for understanding nuclear fusion processes [7][8]. Group 2: Energy Industry's "Butterfly Effect" - Nuclear fusion energy offers unique advantages such as abundant raw materials, safety, efficiency, and low carbon emissions, with deuterium extracted from seawater providing energy equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline per liter of seawater [11]. - The nuclear fusion industry chain is expected to grow significantly, with upstream materials like lithium and beryllium becoming increasingly in demand as research progresses [12]. - The midstream involves high-precision equipment manufacturing, which will accelerate the overall upgrade of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry [13]. - The downstream sector will see a transformation in energy supply, potentially replacing traditional fossil fuels with clean nuclear fusion energy, enhancing energy security and reducing environmental pollution [14]. Group 3: Hefei's Support for "Artificial Sun" - Hefei has become a focal point for nuclear fusion research, establishing itself as a national scientific center with significant infrastructure and innovation platforms [16]. - The city has formed a fusion industry alliance with over 1,000 units to collaboratively tackle key technologies and accelerate the full industry chain layout [18]. - Hefei is actively promoting the transformation of scientific achievements into production, providing a conducive environment for technology commercialization [19].

可控核聚变深度汇报 20250618 摘要 可控核聚变作为战略性新兴产业，受到全球各国高度重视，中国已制定 "三步走"战略，并成立创新联合体，多家国央企增资，显示国家推动 未来能源发展的决心，视其为大国竞争制高点。 可控核聚变具有能量密度高、原料充足、安全性高、环境友好四大优势， 其中氘氚聚变能量密度是铀 235 裂变的四倍以上，原料氘可直接从海水 提取，氚可通过中子轰击锂制备。 可控核聚变技术难点在于实现"点火"，即输出能量大于输入能量，需 满足上亿度高温、等离子体密度 10^20 立方米分之一、等离子体与磁 场约束时间超过 3 秒等苛刻条件，目前全球水平 q 值仅为 4，距离商业 化所需的 30 仍有差距。 可控核聚变主要技术路径包括磁约束和惯性约束，磁约束以托卡马克、 仿星器和 FRC 装置为代表，惯性约束分为激光驱动型和 Z 箍缩型，美国 NIF 装置已实现激光驱动型惯性约束聚变点火，q 值达 1.5，今年提升至 4。 Q&A 可控核聚变的基本原理是什么？与核裂变相比有哪些优势？ 核能是所有一次能源中能量密度最高的，其涉及到爱因斯坦的质量能量转换方 程 E=mc²。核能主要有三种释放形式：核衰变、核裂 ...

Group 1: Solid-State Battery Industry - The fifth China International Solid-State Battery Technology Conference will be held on June 19-20, 2025, with industry investment reaching 15 billion in the first four months of the year [1] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) plans to establish a standard system for solid-state batteries by April 2025, with 6 billion allocated for special research and development [2] - Companies like Puli Technology and Liyuanheng are actively developing solid-state battery technologies and have made significant progress in equipment and process innovations [2] Group 2: Robotics and AI - Ant Group has invested in Lingxin Qiaoshou Technology, which focuses on embodied intelligence platforms crucial for humanoid robots [3] - Companies like Zhenyu Technology and Hanwei Technology are successfully delivering products related to robotics, including linear actuators and flexible sensors [4] - The demand for key components in humanoid robots, such as motors and tactile sensors, is expected to increase, benefiting leading technology firms in the industry [3][4] Group 3: Autonomous Delivery Vehicles - Cainiao has launched a new autonomous delivery vehicle, the Cainiao GT-Lite, priced at 21,800 yuan, with a promotional price of 16,800 yuan [5] - The logistics autonomous vehicle market is entering a phase of large-scale commercialization, driven by technological advancements and decreasing component costs [5] - Companies like Xingwang Yuda and Xiangyou Technology are developing autonomous driving systems and collaborating with postal services to enhance delivery capabilities [6] Group 4: High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) Market - Samsung Electronics has secured a contract for HBM3E supply from Broadcom, indicating strong demand for high-performance memory in AI applications [7] - The HBM market is expected to experience explosive growth due to increased data center investments and the need for high bandwidth and low power consumption [7] - Companies like Shengmei Shanghai and Saiteng Co. are actively involved in providing equipment and materials for HBM production [8] Group 5: Digital Human Technology - Baidu has launched the industry's first dual digital human interactive live broadcast room, enhancing consumer interaction through advanced AI technology [9] - The development of digital humans is expected to lead to more personalized marketing strategies and improved customer experiences in e-commerce [9] - Companies like New Guodu Holdings are focusing on general-purpose AI technology and multi-modal AI product research [9][10] Group 6: Renewable Energy and Nuclear Fusion - China National Petroleum Corporation plans to invest 655 million yuan in Kunlun Capital for controlled nuclear fusion projects [10] - Several state-owned enterprises are exploring nuclear fusion energy, which is seen as a clean and efficient energy source [11] - Companies like Zhongyou Capital and Xuguang Electronics are involved in nuclear fusion technology development and related projects [11] Group 7: Domestic CPU Market - Shanghai Zhaoxin Integrated Circuit Co., a leading domestic CPU manufacturer, has initiated an IPO on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board, aiming to raise approximately 4.169 billion yuan [12] - The CPU market in China is projected to grow from 216.032 billion yuan in 2023 to 232.61 billion yuan in 2024, driven by advancements in AI and cloud computing [12] - Companies like Guangdian Yuntong and Zhongke Shuguang are enhancing their capabilities in CPU and GPU products [13]

Summary of Fusion Industry Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call focused on the nuclear fusion industry, particularly advancements in magnetic confinement fusion technology, specifically the stellarator and tokamak designs [1][3][4]. Key Points and Arguments - **Significant Progress in Europe**: Germany's Fusion has completed a record €130 million financing, aiming to establish a 1GW fusion power plant by early 2030, indicating strong market support for the stellarator approach [1][3]. - **Comparison of Magnetic Confinement Devices**: The stellarator does not require plasma current drive, leading to more stable operation, although it has a more complex magnetic field structure and slightly inferior confinement performance compared to tokamaks [1][4][5]. - **Achievements of W7-X Stellarator**: The W7-X stellarator in Germany achieved a discharge duration of 43 seconds, with fusion triple product levels comparable to or slightly exceeding China's EAST, highlighting the feasibility of the stellarator technology [1][7][8]. - **Importance of Fusion Triple Product**: The fusion triple product, which considers temperature, plasma density, and energy confinement time, is crucial for assessing controllable nuclear fusion. Focusing on comprehensive indicators rather than single factors is essential [1][8]. - **Domestic Advancements in China**: The South China No. 3 device has reached and exceeded the optimal ignition temperature of 160 million degrees Celsius, suggesting accelerated future progress in domestic fusion research [1][9]. Catalysts for Future Growth - **Potential Catalysts in 2025**: The nuclear fusion sector may experience multiple catalysts for growth, including policy support, industrial developments (e.g., Shanghai Superconductor IPO, various project tenders), the EU's fusion strategy announcement, and the UK's £2.5 billion investment plan over five years [1][9]. Key Components and Companies to Watch - **Focus on Key Components**: Attention should be given to critical components such as the divertor (produced by Guoguang Electric, Antai Technology, and HEDON Intelligent), vacuum chambers (by HEDON Intelligent and Shanghai Electric), and low-temperature superconductors (developed by Western Superconducting) [2][10]. - **Emerging Companies**: Other notable companies include Yuyuan Co., Jinda Co., Shanghai Superconductor, Yongding Co., and Jin Da Co. Companies in power supply, such as Wangzi New Materials and Exabio, are also highlighted for their performance and development efforts [2][10]. Development Status of Stellarators and Tokamaks - **Domestic vs. International Development**: While China primarily focuses on tokamaks, significant progress has been made in stellarators. Internationally, both designs are advancing rapidly, necessitating increased attention and investment in stellarator technology domestically [1][11].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a cautious recommendation for the industry, focusing on controllable nuclear fusion-related stocks such as Lianchuang Optoelectronics and Guoguang Electric [4][5]. Core Insights - Magnetic confinement is currently the best method for achieving controllable nuclear fusion, with significant challenges in maintaining the extreme conditions required for fusion reactions [1][9]. - The main magnetic confinement devices are Tokamak and Stellarator, with Tokamak being more widely used but facing inherent instabilities due to plasma current [2][14]. - Advanced Stellarators have stringent standards for modular coil systems, magnetic surface quality, and stability under high pressure, which enhance plasma confinement and reduce transport losses [3][36]. - The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) Stellarator set a new world record for nuclear fusion triple product, demonstrating its potential in the race towards commercial fusion power [3][41]. Summary by Sections 1. Tokamak vs. Stellarator - Magnetic confinement is the best approach for controllable nuclear fusion, requiring extreme temperatures and conditions [1][9]. - The main magnetic confinement devices include Tokamak and Stellarator, with Tokamak facing stability issues due to plasma current [2][14]. 2. Development of Stellarators - The W7-X Stellarator achieved a new record in nuclear fusion triple product, showcasing its capabilities compared to Tokamak devices [3][41]. - The development of advanced Stellarators focuses on optimizing magnetic field configurations to improve plasma confinement [3][36]. 3. Investment Opportunities - The report suggests focusing on companies involved in controllable nuclear fusion, specifically Lianchuang Optoelectronics and Guoguang Electric, which are making strides in superconducting technology and nuclear fusion applications [4][54][56].

Core Viewpoint - The new generation artificial sun "China Fusion Reactor No. 3" has achieved significant breakthroughs in nuclear fusion technology, marking a rapid advancement in China's fusion research and positioning it as a key player in global energy strategies [14][17]. Group 1: Technological Achievements - In 2025, "China Fusion Reactor No. 3" achieved a plasma current of 1 million amperes, ion temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius, and a fusion triple product reaching the order of 10^20, setting new records for China's fusion devices [14][15]. - The device previously reached a nuclear temperature of 117 million degrees Celsius and an electron temperature of 160 million degrees Celsius in March 2025, marking the first "double hundred degree" breakthrough in the country [14]. - The team has successfully implemented a high-confinement mode operation under the conditions of 1 million amperes plasma current, indicating a significant step towards high-performance plasma operation [15]. Group 2: Research and Development - The "China Fusion Reactor No. 3" is developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation's Southwest Institute of Physics, showcasing China's advancements in nuclear fusion technology [14]. - The research team, with an average age of 35, has undergone nearly a thousand iterations of plans to tackle world-class challenges in achieving high temperatures and fusion parameters [16]. - The team is currently focused on upgrading the device for China's first fusion burning experiment, which is expected to further enhance the performance and experimental capabilities of the reactor [16][17]. Group 3: Historical Context - The development of nuclear fusion research in China began with the establishment of "China Fusion Reactor No. 1" in the 1980s, followed by "China Fusion Reactor No. 2" in the early 2000s, and the third generation "China Fusion Reactor No. 3" in 2020 [16]. - These milestones reflect China's continuous progress in nuclear fusion research, transitioning from basic exploration to large-scale experimental platforms [16].

点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 可控核聚变是终极能源解决方案，但实现难度高，当前技术路径多样 可控核聚变因能量密度高、燃料储量丰富、安全性优越，被视为终极能源解决方案。当前主流技术路径包括 磁约束（托卡马克装置）、惯性约束（NIF装置）及磁 惯性约束（直线型装置） ，国内外多个装置在建， 处于劳森判据Q>1的验证阶段 。 为什么当下是可控核聚变的新阶段？ 一、政策与资本双轮驱动产业化。 1）政策上 ，中国通过多项财政支持、央企协同、研发创新及安全监管等政策举措推动核聚变产业发展；海外竞相锁定30-40年代商用时间窗口，通过资金注入、机 制优化和国际合作加速技术转化。 2）投资上 ，24年全球聚变企业达50家，80%为私营，美国占半数， 国内以聚变新能和中国聚变能领衔，分别布局低温超导和高温超导托卡马克，聚焦25-30年的Q 值验证和30-40年的商业电站落地目标。 二、多种技术路径百花齐放，实验&工程有望突破。 1）高温超导磁体 将托卡马克体积缩小至传统装置的1/40， 成本降低、迭代加速，是未来发展方向 ； 2）直线型磁惯性装置 He ...