小花生大变革， 广东花生如何破 局实现产量与效 率双提升？_南 方+_南方plus 初冬的河源东源 县柳城镇寒意微 袭，东江沿岸一 场关于花生 的"科技课"正火 热进行。11月19 日，2025年广东 省科学施肥增效 技术田讲所直播 课暨花生科学施 肥增效技术推广 活动在此举行， 专家、农户齐聚 于此，共同探讨 这不仅是技术的 推广，更是产业 转型的缩影。花 生作为广东省主 要的油料作物， 产量占全省油料 作物总产量的九 成以上，种植面 积全国第三，消 费总量全国第 一。在"500万 亩"种植规模 与"全国第一消 费大省"光环之 下，土地分散、 机械化率低、施 肥传统、产量偏 低等挑战，正制 约着产业竞争力 的进一步提升。 广东省花生产业 如何突破瓶颈， 迈向更高效、更 绿色的未来。 产业之问：500 万亩的背后，短 板何在？ "广东不仅是花 生种植大省，更 是消费大省。广 东人爱吃花生， 也喜欢种花 生。"广东省农 业科学院作物研 究所研究员洪彦 彬在开场介绍 中，点出花生在 广东省的独特地 位。然而，他也 坦言，与北方相 比，广东省花生 种植存在明显短 板。 广东省农业科学院作物研究所研究员洪彦彬 "我们 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the development and potential of the oilseed industry, particularly focusing on the oilseed plant "Youshadou" (油莎豆), which is being promoted for its high oil content and adaptability to marginal lands [6][8][15] Industry Overview - The oilseed plant Youshadou is a perennial herb with a high oil content (20%-32%) and is suitable for various uses, including direct consumption, oil extraction, and as animal feed [7][8] - The demand for edible vegetable oil and protein feed in China is significant, with a reliance on imports as high as 70%, making the development of Youshadou crucial for improving self-sufficiency [8] Technological Advancements - The Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has made significant technological breakthroughs in Youshadou cultivation, including the development of high-yield varieties and mechanized harvesting techniques [9][10] - The average yield of the new variety "Yuyoushadou 2" reached 1493.34 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with an oil content exceeding 25% [6][10] Production and Processing - The establishment of specialized processing lines for Youshadou has improved efficiency, with a production line capable of processing 15 tons per hour [12] - The integration of various processing technologies has enabled the production of diverse products, including low-GI flour and functional foods, enhancing the market potential of Youshadou [12][13] Market Development - There is a growing consumer demand for high-quality fats and low-sugar foods, positioning Youshadou as an ideal ingredient [14] - The industry faces challenges such as low market recognition and the need for enhanced promotional efforts to increase awareness among producers and consumers [14][15] Future Prospects - The article emphasizes the importance of continued research and development in breeding, mechanization, and food processing to fully realize the potential of the Youshadou industry [14][15] - The collaboration between research institutions, enterprises, and government is crucial for establishing a comprehensive industry chain and ensuring the sustainable development of Youshadou [9][10][15]

Core Insights - The traditional manual harvesting methods for sesame are labor-intensive and inefficient, leading to a significant limitation in planting area and high costs for farmers [1][5][6] - Despite being the largest producer and consumer of sesame, China faces a paradox of high demand and shrinking planting areas, with a notable increase in import dependency [3][4][11] Group 1: Market Dynamics - China is the world's largest sesame importer, with a total trade volume of 1.224 million tons in 2024, accounting for 24.04% of global trade [3] - The planting area for sesame has been in decline since 2000, dropping to less than one-third of the area in 2000 by 2017 [3][5] - Rising sesame prices, which peaked at over 8 yuan per jin, have not translated into increased planting area due to the challenges of traditional harvesting methods [4][5] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The development of machine-harvestable sesame varieties, such as Yu Zhi NS610 and Yu Zhi ND837, has been a significant breakthrough, allowing for easier harvesting and higher yields [7][8][10] - The introduction of these new varieties has led to a reduction in production costs from 600-800 yuan per mu to 300-400 yuan per mu, significantly enhancing profitability for farmers [11] - The adoption of machine-harvestable sesame varieties has increased rapidly, with over 60% of sesame planting area in certain regions now utilizing these varieties [9][11] Group 3: Industry Support and Growth - Local governments have implemented various support policies to promote sesame cultivation, but high costs and labor demands remain challenges [5][6] - The integration of mechanical harvesting with improved cultivation techniques has led to a resurgence in sesame planting, with average yields increasing from 106 kg/mu to over 118 kg/mu [11][12] - The rapid adoption of machine-harvestable sesame varieties has attracted interest from international markets, with countries like Ethiopia and Nigeria seeking to collaborate on sesame research and production [17][19] Group 4: Future Prospects - The ongoing development and promotion of innovative sesame varieties and mechanization techniques are expected to revitalize the sesame industry, enhancing its competitiveness on a global scale [20][21] - The establishment of international collaborations and technology sharing initiatives aims to foster sustainable development in the global sesame market [20][21]

Core Insights - The research team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed a high-accuracy genomic prediction model for rapeseed, integrating 404 global rapeseed resources, which provides efficient "precise navigation" for target breeding related to flowering time, oil content, and yield [1][2] - Traditional breeding methods for rapeseed take up to 6 years, which is insufficient to meet the urgent demand for high-quality varieties in agricultural production [1] - The new model has achieved over 90% prediction accuracy for flowering time and thousand-grain weight, and over 83% for oil content and pod length, significantly enhancing the prediction accuracy for complex traits [1] Industry Impact - The integration of genomic data and artificial intelligence algorithms with the genomic prediction model has led to a rapid breeding technique, reducing the breeding cycle from 6 years to 4 years [2] - The varieties bred using this model can establish a unique "gene ID," enabling full-process gene traceability from breeding to production, thus providing a foundational guarantee for the high-quality development of the rapeseed industry [2]

Core Insights - The research team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has identified the molecular mechanism by which the gene BnaC01.CCT8 regulates rapeseed yield, providing new theoretical and technical support for high-yield molecular breeding of rapeseed [1][2] - The study highlights the importance of pod length and seed weight as key agronomic traits affecting rapeseed yield, with the gene BnaC01.CCT8 being crucial for their regulation [1] Summary by Sections Research Findings - The research utilized chemical mutagenesis to obtain mutants with shorter pods and lighter seeds, leading to the identification of the key gene BnaC01.CCT8 after five years of systematic study [1] - Functional validation in model plants showed that mutations in BnaC01.CCT8 significantly reduced pod length and seed weight, while overexpression of the gene promoted pod and seed development [1] Field Trials - Field trials in Hanchuan, Hubei, demonstrated the yield-increasing potential of the BnaC01.CCT8 gene, with results showing an average pod length increase of 11.6%, a 24.6% increase in thousand-grain weight, and a 25.3% increase in single-plant yield for the new rapeseed lines [2] - The research team has developed molecular marker-assisted selection techniques based on the superior alleles of BnaC01.CCT8, combining them with hybrid breeding and genomic selection to cultivate multiple high-yield rapeseed varieties [2] Industry Impact - The newly developed rapeseed varieties have shown stable performance in multi-point trials across the Yangtze River Basin and Huanghuai region, which is expected to significantly enhance the quality and efficiency of China's rapeseed industry [2]

Core Viewpoint - The development of new high-yield and high-oil rapeseed varieties is crucial for enhancing the rapeseed industry and promoting rural revitalization in China [1][3]. Group 1: Event Overview - The 2025 Yangtze River Delta (Zhejiang) Rapeseed New Variety Conference was held in Hangzhou, focusing on the demonstration and promotion of new rapeseed varieties and technologies [1]. - The conference showcased 80 new rapeseed varieties, including 34 national high-yield and high-oil varieties, and 30 provincial advantageous varieties, all with an oil content of over 46% [2]. Group 2: Innovations and Developments - The event featured 10 short growth period varieties, with the shortest being 174 days, and 6 varieties that combine ornamental and economic value [2]. - Intelligent equipment such as blanket seedling transplanting machines, pneumatic seeders, and drones were displayed, along with processed rapeseed products and cultural derivatives [2]. Group 3: Future Directions - The conference aims to continue promoting high-yield and economically viable rapeseed varieties to support rural revitalization efforts [3]. - The event has been held for three consecutive years, showcasing innovative results and promoting diversified development and extension of the rapeseed industry [3].

Core Viewpoint - The development of the new rapeseed variety "Zhongyouza 501" represents a significant achievement in China's oilseed breeding sector, showcasing high yield and oil content, which is crucial for enhancing domestic edible oil supply security [2][3]. Group 1: New Variety Development - "Zhongyouza 501" was cultivated by a team led by Academician Wang Hanzhong over ten years, achieving an average oil content of 50.38% and a yield of 107.35 kg per mu, surpassing the control by 26.93% [2]. - The variety set new yield records in multiple regions, including 419.95 kg per mu in Hubei and 303.8 kg per mu in Jiangsu, demonstrating its resilience and high productivity under adverse conditions [2][3]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The "Late Sowing Double Density Double High" technology, developed alongside "Zhongyouza 501," allows for delayed sowing past October 10, mitigating risks associated with early sowing and enhancing yield stability [3][4]. - This technology integrates high-density mechanized precision sowing, nutrient release fertilization, and comprehensive disaster prevention measures, supporting the expansion of rapeseed cultivation and yield improvement [3][4]. Group 3: Industry Support and Outreach - The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has established an expert team to provide extensive technical support across major rapeseed-producing provinces, conducting over 500 technical service sessions and training more than 58,000 individuals [4]. - The initiative aims to promote the adoption of high-yield varieties and innovative cultivation techniques, significantly impacting local agricultural productivity and contributing to national edible oil supply stability [4].