chence@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790524020002 制造业：PMI 再度转弱，生产与需求均下行 (1)需求下行叠加高基数拖累，制造业景气度降至荣枯线下。1 月制造业 PMI 为 49.3%、环比下行了 0.8 个百分点，明显弱于季节性规律。此前我们曾指出"12 月工作日数同比增加 2 天，作为环比指标的 PMI 读数会出现一定改善"，实际 上经济改善幅度可能有限，但这形成了较高的基数并拖累 1 月 PMI 表现。分行 业来看，农副食品加工、铁路船舶航空航天设备等产需指数位于高景气区间， 油煤加工、汽车等行业则相对承压。 (2)有色原油涨价提振工业原材料价格，预计 1 月 PPI 同比延续回升。1 月 PMI 原材料购进价格为 56.1%，较前值上升了 3.0 个百分点；PMI 出厂价格为 50.6%， 较前值上升了 1.7 个百分点。根据高频指标，我们预计 1 月 PPI 环比可能在 0.3% 左右、同比为-1.3%左右。 2026 年 02 月 01 日 开年 PMI 边际放缓 宏观研究团队 ——兼评 1 月 PMI 数据 何宁（分析师） 陈策（分析师） hening@kysec.cn ...

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - November manufacturing PMI increased to 49.2%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, but still below the seasonal average of 50.0%[14] - PMI for production rose by 0.3 percentage points to 50.0%; new orders improved by 0.4 percentage points to 49.2%[14] - Industrial raw material prices rebounded, with PMI purchase prices at 53.6% and factory prices at 48.2%, both up from previous values[22] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - November non-manufacturing PMI fell to 49.5%, down 0.7 percentage points, marking the first time this year below the expansion threshold[32] - Construction PMI improved slightly to 49.6%, with new orders index rising by 0.2 percentage points[24] - Policy-driven financial tools are less effective than in 2022, impacting service sector performance negatively[24] Group 3: Economic Indicators - Special bond issuance progress reached approximately 91.0% by the end of November, a significant increase of 10.1 percentage points from October[24] - Small enterprises showed a notable recovery in PMI, increasing by 2.0 percentage points, benefiting from improved US-China trade relations[22] - PPI is expected to narrow its year-on-year decline to around -2.0% in November, with a month-on-month increase of approximately 0.2%[22]

Group 1: Profit and Revenue Trends - From January to September 2025, the cumulative profit of national industrial enterprises increased by 3.2% year-on-year, up from 0.9% previously[2] - In September, the monthly revenue of industrial enterprises improved by approximately 3.1% year-on-year, an increase of 0.8 percentage points from the previous value[3] - The profit growth rate for September rose by 1.2 percentage points to 21.6%, marking two consecutive months of high growth[3] Group 2: Profit Structure and Contributions - The contributions to September's profit growth were +7.0% from industrial value added, -2.6% from PPI, and +15.2% from profit margin year-on-year[3] - In September, the cost, expenses, investment income, and profit per 100 yuan of revenue were 85.4, 8.3, -0.8, and 5.5 yuan respectively, with significant contributions from reduced expenses[3] - The profit margin structure showed a notable decrease in expense rates, contributing positively to overall profitability[12] Group 3: Inventory and Economic Outlook - In September, nominal inventory increased by 0.5 percentage points to 2.8%, indicating the first shift to replenishing inventory this year[5] - The report anticipates increased downward pressure on economic growth in Q4, despite recent fiscal policy measures aimed at boosting investment[5] - The ongoing improvement in the "anti-involution" industries has led to a more significant profit recovery compared to non-anti-involution sectors, with a 3.9 percentage point improvement in cumulative profit year-on-year for anti-involution industries[4]