关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、屠强 联系人 | 屠强、 耿佩璇 摘要 事件： 7月9日，国家统计局公布6月通胀数据，CPI同比0.1%、前值-0.1%、预期0%、环比-0.1%；PPI同 比-3.6%、前值-3.3%、预期-3.2%、环比-0.4%。 核心观点：大宗商品、核心商品、服务价格表现分化，令CPI与PPI"一升一降"。 分化一：6月PPI上游煤、钢等大宗商品价格回落，而CPI上游食品、铂金等大宗价格走强。 6月PPI同比 较前月回落0.3pct至-3.6%。其中钢材、水泥、煤炭等供给充足，测算钢、煤价格拖累PPI环比-0.4%；但 国际油价上行对国内油价形成支撑，铜价贡献依然为正，测算油、铜价格支撑PPI环比0.2%。CPI方面，6 月CPI同比0.1%。一是极端天气影响食品供给，食品CPI同比+0.1pct至-0.3%；二是金价保持高位，铂金饰 品价格上涨12.6%，对应包含首饰等其他用品及服务CPI同比上行0.8pct。 分化二：核心商品PPI仍在历史低位，既反映关税对价格的冲击，也与国内中下游产能利用率偏低有关。 6月核心商品PPI同比虽回升0.4pct至-1%，但整体仍在低位 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to analyze the impact of external environment changes on corporate profitability, particularly in the industrial sector, and the necessary policy responses to stabilize profits [2][3]. Group 1: External Demand Exposure - The estimated external demand exposure for industrial revenue is approximately 16.2% [5][20]. - The calculation of external demand exposure is defined as the total export value of industrial enterprises divided by total revenue, with 2024 total exports projected at 25.5 trillion and industrial revenue at 156 trillion [5][20]. Group 2: Export Profit Elasticity - Two pathways are used to estimate the elasticity of industrial profits to export changes: one focusing on revenue and profit margins, and the other on total output [6][8]. - The elasticity of industrial profits to exports is estimated to be between 0.41% and 0.43%, meaning a 1% change in exports could lead to a 0.41% to 0.43% change in industrial profits [21][23]. Group 3: Domestic Demand Elasticity - The elasticity of industrial profits to final consumption is estimated at 0.54%, while to capital formation it is 0.70%, indicating that changes in domestic demand have a significant impact on industrial profits [31][32]. - A 1% increase in final consumption is estimated to increase industrial profits by approximately 0.05 trillion, while a similar increase in capital formation could raise profits by about 0.06 trillion [32]. Group 4: Policy Response Requirements - To stabilize industrial profits, a 1% decline in exports may require a 0.76% increase in final consumption growth or a 0.59% increase in capital formation growth [35][36]. - The required policy response is greater for consumption than for investment, reflecting the broader impact of consumption across various sectors [36]. Group 5: Industry-Level Insights - Industries with high export elasticity include textiles and metal smelting, while those with high elasticity to final consumption include food and tobacco, and paper and education [45][49]. - Industries that could benefit from increased investment include non-metallic products and metal smelting, which have high elasticity to capital formation [49].

证 券 研 究 报 告 【宏观专题】 工业盈利：外需敞口与弹性分析 ❖ 核心观点 4 月以来，外部环境出现急剧变化。4 月政治局会议强调，"着力稳就业、稳企 业、稳市场、稳预期"。此处，稳企业的内涵，我们理解或包括稳定企业盈利。 因而，有必要进一步研究外部环境变化对企业盈利的影响幅度以及需要的政策 对冲力度。简言之，工业企业（与出口相关）的外需敞口，内外需盈利弹性。 我们的估算表明，工业部门营收端的外需敞口或在 16.2%左右。从两个路径分 析出口变动对企业盈利影响，路径一为影响工业企业营收与利润率。路径二为 影响全社会总产出进而影响工业企业盈利。1 个百分点的出口变动，工业盈利 增速或变化 0.41%至 0.43%。 内需弹性方面，类似的分析估算表明，最终消费增速变化 1 个百分点，工业盈 利增速或变化 0.54%。资本形成增速变化 1 个百分点，工业盈利增速或变化 0.7%。换言之，1 个百分点的出口变动，需要的对冲力度可能是 0.76%的最终 消费的增速变化或 0.59%的资本形成的增速变化。从 4 月政治局会议来看，最 终消费的政策加码方向为"大力发展服务消费，尽快清理消费领域限制性措施， 设立服务消 ...