Core Viewpoint - Anti-war literature in China serves as a profound spiritual epic, reflecting the resilience and spirit of the Chinese nation during the 14 years of the War of Resistance against Japan, starting from the September 18 Incident [5][6][10]. Group 1: Historical Context and Significance - The War of Resistance against Japan not only forged the will and spirit of the Chinese people but also gave rise to a unique genre of literature that bears historical significance [5][6]. - Anti-war literature is characterized as a strategic cultural counteroffensive led by the Chinese Communist Party, highlighting the role of writers in documenting the struggles and sacrifices during the war [6][10]. Group 2: Themes in Anti-war Literature - The literature addresses the questioning and exploration of national fate, exemplified by works like Lao She's "Four Generations Under One Roof," which symbolizes the collapse of traditional society under the violence of war [7]. - It also captures the suffering of the nation, with contrasting depictions in works like Xiao Jun's "August Village" and Xiao Hong's "The Field of Death," showcasing the impact of war on individual lives and society [7][8]. Group 3: Literary Techniques and Impact - The literature employs stark realism to critique the violence of war, as seen in A Lang's "Nanjing Blood Sacrifice," which serves as a powerful indictment of the atrocities committed during the Nanjing Massacre [8]. - Anti-war literature has played a crucial role in awakening national consciousness, embedding the idea of collective responsibility in the hearts of the people [10][11]. Group 4: Cultural Mobilization - The literature became a tool for mobilizing the masses, with works like Zhao Shuli's "Little Erhei Gets Married" making revolutionary narratives accessible to the rural population [12]. - The imagery of the red flag evolved from a concrete symbol to an emblem of the anti-war spirit, as illustrated in works like Zhou Libo's "Stormy Rain" [12]. Group 5: Performance and Community Engagement - Street plays and wall poetry during the war created a unique literary landscape, engaging audiences in a participatory manner that blurred the lines between performers and spectators [13]. - The collective experience of performances, such as the street play "Put Down Your Whip," fostered a sense of unity and urgency in the fight against Japanese imperialism [13][14]. Group 6: Legacy and Cultural Memory - The enduring impact of anti-war literature is evident in its ability to resonate across generations, as seen in the communal experiences during the re-screening of films like "Tunnel Warfare" [14]. - These literary works not only represent artistic achievements but also serve as a cultural self-rescue plan for the Chinese nation during a time of existential crisis [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of theater and art in uniting the Chinese people during the Anti-Japanese War, showcasing how various performances inspired collective action and national consciousness [5][8][12]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Anti-Japanese War prompted a surge in theatrical productions, with street plays and operas becoming vital tools for mobilizing public sentiment against invaders [6][7]. - Notable works like "The White-Haired Girl" and "Defending Lugou Bridge" resonated deeply with audiences, reflecting the struggles and aspirations of the people during wartime [6][9]. Group 2: The Role of Art and Theater - Theater served as a battlefield, with performances acting as weapons to inspire and galvanize the masses, fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose [13][14]. - The creative output from institutions like the Lu Xun Academy of Arts (鲁艺) was characterized by a focus on real-life experiences, capturing the essence of the people's struggles and triumphs [11][12]. Group 3: Impact on Society - The emotional connection established through performances led to increased participation in the war effort, with audiences feeling compelled to act in solidarity with the characters portrayed on stage [13][14]. - The portrayal of ordinary individuals as heroes in plays helped to elevate the collective spirit, encouraging a sense of agency among the populace [12][15]. Group 4: Legacy and Reflection - The legacy of wartime theater continues to resonate, with modern adaptations and performances honoring the spirit of resistance and the sacrifices made during the Anti-Japanese War [16][18]. - The article underscores the importance of remembering and celebrating these artistic contributions as a means of preserving national identity and collective memory [16][19].

Core Perspective - The article highlights the unique contributions of Tian Qinxin, the director and president of the China National Theatre, emphasizing her focus on grand narratives and deep humanistic concerns in her theatrical works [1][10]. Group 1: Artistic Vision and Influence - Tian Qinxin describes drama as her "best friend," emphasizing its irreplaceable artistic value and the unique interaction between actors and the audience [2][4]. - Her works, such as "Life and Death Field" and "Green Snake," showcase her ability to blend traditional Chinese aesthetics with contemporary artistic concepts, creating innovative stage expressions [4][5]. - The recent production "Su Di Chun Xiao" reflects her exploration of historical narratives and the human experience, revealing the depth of the character Su Dongpo [5][7]. Group 2: Leadership and Cultural Responsibility - As the first female president of the China National Theatre, Tian Qinxin aims to innovate and promote Chinese drama on the international stage, emphasizing the importance of cultural storytelling [10][12]. - The theatre has initiated programs to support young directors, encouraging them to create works that reflect contemporary societal themes and the essence of Chinese culture [12]. - Tian Qinxin envisions the theatre as a platform for showcasing the richness of Chinese language and culture to a global audience, aiming to enhance the international perception of Chinese artistic heritage [10][12].

Group 1 - The article discusses the significance of Chinese anti-Japanese war literature and its translation and dissemination abroad, highlighting the enduring literary charm and spiritual strength of these works [8][9][12]. - Notable works such as "The Field of Death" by Xiao Hong and "Four Generations Under One Roof" by Lao She are emphasized for their portrayal of national spirit and the impact of war on society [9][12][13]. - The translation efforts by scholars like Ge Haowen and collaborations with translators have played a crucial role in introducing these works to the English-speaking world, enhancing their global reach [9][12][14]. Group 2 - The article highlights the influence of foreign anti-fascist literature, particularly John Steinbeck's "The Moon Went Down," which resonated with Chinese audiences during the war [16][17]. - The translation of Soviet anti-fascist literature into Chinese was timely and extensive, with numerous works being published and gaining popularity [18][19]. - The impact of German anti-fascist literature, such as Günter Grass's "The Tin Drum," is noted for its critical reception and influence on Chinese writers [20][21]. Group 3 - The article mentions the publication of "Schindler's List" by Thomas Keneally, which explores complex moral themes during the Holocaust and has been well-received in China [22][23]. - The "World Anti-Fascist Literature Series" published in China is highlighted as a significant project that compiles representative works from over 60 countries, reflecting the global literary response to fascism [23][24]. - The enduring themes of justice, sacrifice, and the human condition in these literary works continue to resonate with readers across cultures and time [24].