Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of major scientific innovation platforms, including national science centers in Beijing, Shanghai, the Greater Bay Area, and Hefei, to enhance regional technological innovation [1]. Group 1: Beijing Huairou Science City - The Huairou Science City has evolved from initial planning to becoming one of the regions with the highest density of national major scientific infrastructure over nearly ten years [5]. - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a core facility in Huairou, expected to be one of the world's brightest fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources upon completion [7]. Group 2: Shanghai Zhangjiang Science City - The Zhangjiang Science City has seen significant improvements in its industrial ecosystem surrounding the Artificial Intelligence Island from 2020 to 2025 [9]. - Originally covering 17 square kilometers, Zhangjiang Science City has expanded to 220 square kilometers, housing two national laboratories and over 100 incubators [11]. Group 3: Shenzhen Guangming Science City - The Guangming Science City, covering 99 square kilometers, is a key area for Shenzhen's comprehensive national science center, focusing on large scientific installations and technology innovation clusters [13]. - The Shenzhen Institute of Technology, located in Guangming, aims to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top innovative talents [15]. Group 4: Hefei Future Science City - The Hefei Future Science City, with a planned area of approximately 19.2 square kilometers, focuses on quantum information, fusion energy, and deep space exploration, featuring significant scientific installations [17]. - Key facilities like the "Kua Fu" fusion reactor and BEST experimental device are part of the national major scientific infrastructure [19]. Group 5: Chengdu Western Science City - The Western Science City in Chengdu is a vital driver for technological innovation in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, utilizing a collaborative "one city, multiple parks" model [21]. - Six major scientific installations are already established in the Western Science City, focusing on electronic information, biomedicine, and digital economy [23].

Core Viewpoint - The development of controlled nuclear fusion technology, often referred to as "artificial sun," is seen as a potential ultimate energy source for humanity, with significant advancements being made in China over the past decades [1][2]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Controlled nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from seawater [1]. - One liter of seawater can release energy equivalent to that of 300 liters of gasoline when used in nuclear fusion [1]. - Nuclear fusion is considered safer than nuclear fission, as the reaction stops immediately if conditions fail, eliminating risks of nuclear leakage or radiation [1]. Group 2: Recent Achievements - The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has achieved significant milestones, including a world record of 1 billion degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January [2]. - The upcoming compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) focuses on energy output, aiming to exceed input energy, which is crucial for commercialization [2]. Group 3: Industry Development - The nuclear fusion industry is vast, with the BEST device representing a significant commercial application opportunity, potentially involving millions of components [2]. - Over 30 small to medium-sized tech companies related to nuclear fusion have been incubated in Hefei, with some already listed [4]. - The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is under construction and will be a leading research and testing platform in the international fusion field, expected to be completed by the end of this year [4]. Group 4: Future Plans - The timeline for nuclear fusion commercialization includes the completion of the BEST device by 2027, the first demonstration of fusion energy generation by 2030, and the establishment of a fusion engineering demonstration plant by 2035, with a goal for commercial fusion energy by 2050 [4].

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of major scientific innovation platforms, including national science centers in Beijing, Shanghai, the Greater Bay Area, and Hefei, to enhance regional technological innovation [1] Group 1: Beijing Huairou Science City - The Huairou Science City has evolved from initial planning to becoming one of the regions with the highest density of national major scientific infrastructure [3] - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a core facility in Huairou, which will be one of the world's brightest fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources upon completion [4] Group 2: Shanghai Zhangjiang Science City - The Zhangjiang Science City has developed a more complete industrial ecosystem around the Artificial Intelligence Island from 2020 to 2025 [6] - The area has expanded from 17 square kilometers to 220 square kilometers, positioning itself as an international first-class science city [8] Group 3: Shenzhen Guangming Science City - The Guangming Science City covers a total planned area of 99 square kilometers, focusing on major scientific installations and technology innovation clusters [10] - Shenzhen Polytechnic University, located in Guangming, aims to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top innovative talents [11] Group 4: Hefei Future Science City - The Hefei Future Science City, with a planned area of approximately 19.2 square kilometers, focuses on quantum information, fusion energy, and deep space exploration [14] - Key scientific installations like the "Kua Fu" and BEST are representative of national significant scientific instruments [14][16] Group 5: Chengdu Western Science City - The Western (Chengdu) Science City is a key driver for technological innovation in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, adopting a "one city, multiple parks" model [18] - It has six major scientific installations, with two included in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" for major scientific infrastructure [19]

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in controlled nuclear fusion technology, highlighting its potential as a clean and virtually limitless energy source for humanity [3][5][6]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Controlled nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from seawater [5][6]. - One liter of seawater can produce fusion fuel deuterium, releasing energy equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline during nuclear fusion [5]. - Nuclear fusion is considered safer than nuclear fission, as the reaction stops immediately if conditions fail, eliminating risks of nuclear leakage or radiation [6]. Group 2: Recent Achievements - The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has achieved significant milestones, including a world record of 1 billion degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January [6][11]. - The new compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) focuses on energy output, aiming to exceed input energy, which is crucial for commercialization [8][9]. Group 3: Industry Development - Over 30 small to medium-sized tech companies related to nuclear fusion have been established in Hefei, with some already listed [9]. - Hefei has nearly 60 companies covering the entire nuclear fusion energy industry chain, from superconducting materials to operational design [9][11]. - The establishment of the Fusion Industry Alliance in Hefei in 2023 has gathered over 200 member companies, enhancing collaboration across the industry [9]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The BEST device is expected to be completed by 2027, with the first demonstration of fusion energy generation planned for 2030, and a demonstration fusion engineering pile by 2035 [11]. - The industry anticipates a transition to a clean energy era, where fossil fuels will primarily serve as chemical raw materials, and fusion energy will play a central role [11].