来源：环球时报 目前，中美在航天领域合作的"隔绝状态"极不正常，而"沃尔夫修正案"，以及与之类似的"2021年美国 创新与竞争法案""2022年美国竞争法案"等美国国内法，无疑都是阻挠双方航天领域交流合作的主要障 碍。任何合作必须在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上展开，从这个意义上看，阻碍中美太空合作的不止一 个"沃尔夫修正案"，还有美国少数政客面对中国时的敌意和偏见，以及既傲慢又恐惧的矛盾心理。 12月22日，美国太空新闻网（SpaceNews）发表题为"美国是时候卸下与中国进行太空合作的包袱了"的 评论文章，认为取消"沃尔夫修正案"的时机已经成熟。文章认为，该修正案在实践中已严重损害美国的 太空安全与未来。文章强调当前中美在探月等计划上"各自为政"，不利于长久的国际沟通、相互理解与 共同探索，而这种观点恰恰是建立可预测性与信任的基础。 所谓"沃尔夫修正案"，是2011年由时任美国众议院议员弗兰克·沃尔夫提出并获得通过的一项禁令，其 主要内容是禁止中美两国之间任何与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）有关或由白宫科技政策办公室协调 的联合科研活动，禁止美国航空航天局所有设施接待"中国官方访问者"，以此来阻断中美太空合作 ...

Core Viewpoint - The successful observation of the interstellar object ATLAS by the Tianwen-1 orbiter represents a significant expansion of its mission capabilities, providing valuable data for future asteroid exploration by Tianwen-2 [2][8]. Group 1: Observation Details - The Tianwen-1 orbiter utilized a high-resolution camera to observe the interstellar object ATLAS from approximately 30 million kilometers away, marking one of the closest observations of this celestial body [2][8]. - The high-resolution camera captured images that clearly displayed the comet-like features of ATLAS, which has a diameter of several thousand kilometers [4]. - A series of images taken over 30 seconds were compiled into an animation to illustrate the motion trajectory of ATLAS, aiding in further research [4]. Group 2: Scientific Significance - ATLAS, discovered on July 1, 2025, by a telescope in Chile, is the third known interstellar object to visit the solar system, traveling on a hyperbolic trajectory [9]. - The object is estimated to be between 3 billion and 11 billion years old, potentially older than the solar system itself, making it a rare sample for studying the composition and evolution of exoplanets and early stellar history [9]. - The Tianwen-1 team began preparations for observing ATLAS in early September, facing challenges due to the object's great distance, high speed (approximately 58 km/s), and small size (nucleus diameter of about 5.6 km) [9]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Solutions - The high-resolution camera on Tianwen-1 was originally designed for capturing bright Martian surfaces, making this the first attempt to photograph such a distant and faint target, which is 10,000 to 100,000 times dimmer than Martian surfaces [13]. - The Tianwen-1 team conducted extensive simulations and feasibility assessments to adapt the camera's capabilities for this challenging observation, ultimately achieving successful imaging of ATLAS [13]. - The mission has been operational since February 2021, maintaining a stable status for over 4 years and 8 months [14].

Core Points - The Tianwen-1 orbiter successfully observed the interstellar object Atlas (3I/ATLAS) using a high-resolution camera, marking a significant achievement in space exploration [1][2] - The observation was conducted at a distance of approximately 30 million kilometers, making Tianwen-1 one of the closest spacecraft to observe this celestial body [1][3] Group 1: Observation Details - The high-resolution camera captured images showing distinct cometary features of Atlas, which has a diameter of several thousand kilometers [2] - The observation involved a series of images taken over 30 seconds, which were compiled into an animation to illustrate the object's trajectory [2] - The successful observation of Atlas serves as an important expansion task for Tianwen-1, providing technical experience for future asteroid exploration missions [3] Group 2: Scientific Significance - Atlas is the third known interstellar object to visit the solar system, believed to have formed around ancient stars in the Milky Way, with an estimated age of 3 to 11 billion years [3] - The object is considered a rare sample for studying the composition, evolution, and early stellar history of exoplanets, highlighting its significant scientific value [3] Group 3: Technical Challenges - The observation posed significant challenges due to the object's great distance (approximately 30 million kilometers), high relative speed (about 58 kilometers per second), and small size (nucleus diameter of about 5.6 kilometers) [4] - The Tianwen-1 team had to develop advanced imaging strategies and conduct extensive simulations to successfully capture images of such a faint target, which is 10,000 to 100,000 times dimmer than the Martian surface [7]

Core Points - The 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session approved the "Suggestions on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," outlining a strategic framework for the next five years [1] - Emphasis on accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and innovation as a key driver for new quality productivity [1][18] - The 15th Five-Year Plan is seen as a critical period for achieving a high level of technological self-reliance and building a strong technological nation [16] Group 1: Five-Year Plan Significance - The Five-Year Plan serves as a guiding star for long-term economic and social development, playing a crucial role in directing national economic growth and technological innovation [4][10] - Experts highlight the importance of the Five-Year Plan in establishing long-term goals and directions for economic and technological development, showcasing its continuity and innovation [4][10] - The plan has historically facilitated significant advancements in China's technological capabilities, transitioning from a follower to a leader in various fields [6][10] Group 2: Technological Advancements - China's global innovation index ranking has improved from 34th in 2012 to 10th in 2025, with high-level international journal papers and patent applications leading the world for five consecutive years [6] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has positioned innovation-driven development at the core of national modernization, emphasizing original innovation and strengthening foundational research [10][12] - The plan has led to significant achievements in various sectors, including space exploration, electric vehicles, and deep-sea exploration, marking a period of remarkable technological progress [10][12] Group 3: Future Outlook - The 15th Five-Year Plan is expected to further enhance technological self-reliance and support the modernization of China through strategic innovation [15][16] - Experts stress the need for original innovation and the integration of technological and industrial innovation to meet new demands arising from demographic changes and economic transformation [16][18] - The upcoming five years are viewed as critical for seizing opportunities in the new technological revolution and enhancing national competitiveness in the global arena [16][18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, particularly between France and China, in addressing global challenges and fostering technological innovation [2][3] - The establishment of the Greater Bay Area International Vaccine Innovation Center in Shenzhen showcases the collaborative efforts in vaccine distribution and technology, highlighting the potential of cross-cultural partnerships [2] - China's significant market size, with over 1.4 billion people and more than 400 million middle-income individuals, positions it as a vital engine for global economic growth, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth [3] Group 2 - The deepening cooperation between France and China, especially in third-party market collaborations, has shown substantial potential, with projects in Africa and Central and Eastern Europe [3] - The fourth round of third-party market cooperation projects signed in 2022 includes seven projects in infrastructure, environmental protection, and renewable energy, totaling over $1.7 billion [3] - The article advocates for a future where global development is characterized by collaboration rather than conflict, promoting a harmonious international community [4]