国家能源局相关负责人26日在国新办举行的"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会上表示，"十 四五"以来，我国持续推进能源领域市场化改革，不断激发能源市场的动力和活力，为能源高质量发展 注入了源源不断的"活水"，能源体制改革进入快车道，实现了"三个加快"。 第一，能源价格形成机制加快完善。发电侧，煤电、新能源全面进入市场。用户侧，除了居民和农业用 电外，定价也完全市场化，电力真正成为一种可自由交易的商品，大部分电量价格由市场竞争形成。 第二，能源市场体系加快建设。国家能源局已经基本建成了多层次、多品类、多功能的全国统一电力市 场体系。中长期和辅助服务市场交易实现全覆盖，现货市场正在全国范围内加快铺开，目前山西、广 东、山东、甘肃、蒙西、湖北、浙江7个地区电力现货市场，还有省间电力现货市场已经建成运行，南 方区域电力市场实现了连续运行，建成了全球规模最大的"电力超市"。跨电网经营区交易机制初步建 立，电力资源在全国范围内更加顺畅地自由流动。 第三，能源产业的生态加快创新。国家能源局强化顶层设计、加大政策供给，先后出台加快发展新型经 营主体、虚拟电厂、绿电直连和促进能源领域民营经济发展的政策措施。各地加强创 ...

Core Viewpoint - The press conference highlighted the significant achievements in high-quality energy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emphasizing the establishment of a national unified electricity market as a key initiative in China's energy sector reform [1][2][3]. Group 1: National Unified Electricity Market Construction - The construction of the national unified electricity market system is accelerating, with a diverse and comprehensive market being established, including intra-provincial and inter-provincial trading, as well as various trading timeframes and types of services [1][2]. - The implementation of normalized cross-grid trading has been achieved, enhancing the integration of electricity supply across regions [1]. Group 2: Market Rules and Framework - The national unified electricity market rules have been largely completed, with a foundational "1+6" rule system established to address previous fragmentation and regional barriers, ensuring transparency and fair competition [2]. - The new framework allows electricity sales companies to operate nationwide with reduced operational costs through a single registration process [2]. Group 3: Market Scale and Participation - The scale of the electricity market has seen significant growth, with transaction volumes increasing from 10.7 trillion kWh during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 23.8 trillion kWh, representing more than a doubling of market activity [3]. - The proportion of electricity traded through the market has risen from 40% in 2020 to over 60% for four consecutive years, indicating a robust market participation [3]. - A diverse range of market participants has emerged, including various types of power generation and commercial users, contributing to a well-structured market landscape [3].

新一轮电力体制改革以来，我国修订《电力市场运行基本规则》，编制出台电力中长期、现货、绿电、 绿证交易以及信息披露、市场注册等一系列配套规则，从顶层设计上统一电力市场"度量衡"。同时，多 层次市场框架基本形成。在空间上，覆盖省际、省内；在时间上，覆盖多年、年度、月度、月内和日 前、日内现货交易；在交易标的上，覆盖电能量、辅助服务等交易品种，为全国统一电力市场建设奠定 制度基础。全国市场化交易电量由2016年的1.1万亿千瓦时增长至2024年的6.2万亿千瓦时，占全社会用 电量的比例由17%提升至63%，实现了从传统"计划电"向"市场电"的稳步转型。 改革红利立竿见影。经过持续建设，电力市场进一步发挥了"保供应、促转型、稳价格"作用，有力服务 于经济社会高质量发展。一方面，电力中长期交易电量占市场化电量比重超90%，充分发挥电力保 供"压舱石"作用，有效保障经济社会发展用电需要。另一方面，超半数新能源发电量通过市场化方式消 纳，在新能源装机增速远高于负荷增长情况下，新能源利用率维持在95%以上，有效促进了低碳转型。 此外，在近年全球范围内能源价格大幅波动背景下，我国通过完善电价机制、推进市场化交易等措施， 保持了 ...

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the "Notice on Deepening the Market-oriented Reform of New Energy Grid-connected Electricity Prices" (Document No. 136) aims to clarify the trading rules and pricing mechanisms for new energy in both spot and medium-to-long-term markets, with varying execution policies across different provinces [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Implementation - Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang have already released implementation plans that require all new energy project grid-connected electricity to enter the market, establishing a sustainable pricing settlement mechanism [1]. - Shandong Province has issued draft proposals indicating that new energy projects will participate in market trading, which could significantly influence the national new energy market [2]. - There is uncertainty regarding the entry of distributed energy into the market, as some provinces have not clearly differentiated between centralized and distributed energy in their local policies [2][3]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The Document No. 136 encourages a dual-track approach for spot and medium-to-long-term markets, allowing for price fluctuations between industrial peak prices and new energy cost returns [3]. - The current trend shows a significant decline in electricity prices in the spot market due to the increasing scale of new energy installations and falling coal prices, with some medium-to-long-term prices dropping to 20% below the benchmark price [3]. - The new policy stipulates that electricity included in the sustainable pricing settlement mechanism cannot simultaneously earn green certificate revenues, leading to a choice between compensation income and green certificate income for power generation companies [3][4]. Group 3: Green Certificate Market - The anticipated reduction in the availability of green certificates due to the new policy could significantly impact export-oriented companies and regions that rely on purchasing green certificates to meet renewable energy consumption responsibilities [4]. - The price of green certificates has surged from around 2 yuan per certificate in January to over 8 yuan following the release of Document No. 136, indicating a shift in market dynamics [4].