日常生活中，如果您阅读过药品说明书，常常会看到"慎用""忌用""禁用"这三个词。它们看似相近，实 则含义大不相同，对于患者安全用药至关重要。准确理解这三个词的区别，能帮助我们避免因用药不当 而引发的不良后果。 患者在用药前一定要仔细阅读说明书，了解这些警示信息。如果不确定自己是否可以使用某种药物，应 及时咨询医生或药师，切不可自行随意用药，以免给自己带来不必要的健康风险。 慎用 谨慎权衡密切观察 "慎用"意味着在用药时需要格外小心谨慎。通常是因为某些人群（如老年人、儿童、孕妇、肝肾功能不 全者等）使用该药物后，可能会出现不良反应，但并非绝对不能用。医生或药师会根据患者的具体病 情、身体状况以及药物的特点，综合评估用药的利弊。如果用药的益处明显大于潜在风险，就可以在密 切观察下使用，并在用药过程中密切关注身体反应。 "禁用"是最严格的警示，意味着无论在何种情况下，患者都不能使用该药物。一旦使用，可能会导致严 重的不良反应，甚至危及生命。这是基于药物的安全性和有效性，经过大量的临床研究和实验得出的结 论。 例如，对青霉素过敏的患者禁用青霉素类抗生素。青霉素过敏反应可能会迅速发作，出现皮疹、呼吸困 难、过敏性休克等 ...

此外，据央广网消息，当前正值流感等呼吸道传染病高发季节，奥司他韦、玛巴洛沙韦等流感药物的需 求量不断增加。数据显示，奥司他韦近七天销量增长率达237%，玛巴洛沙韦上涨达180%。公开资料显 示，新华制药是全球重要的解热镇痛药物供应商，拥有布洛芬、阿司匹林、五安系列、美洛昔康等系列 产品。 消息面上，新华制药公告称，公司收到国家药品监督管理局核准签发的利丙双卡因乳膏《药品注册证 书》。该药品为利多卡因和丙胺卡因的复方制剂，用于皮肤局部麻醉。2024年中国公立医疗机构利丙双 卡因乳膏销售额约为6.15亿元。 山东新华制药（000756）股份(00719)再涨超4%，截至发稿，涨3.17%，报7.49港元，成交额9518.43万 港元。 ...

Core Viewpoint - Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has seen its stock price increase by over 4%, currently trading at 7.49 HKD, following the approval of its drug registration certificate for a new compound anesthetic cream by the National Medical Products Administration of China [1] Company Summary - The newly approved drug, Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, is intended for local skin anesthesia and is projected to generate sales of approximately 615 million CNY in public medical institutions in China by 2024 [1] - Xinhua Pharmaceutical is a significant global supplier of antipyretic and analgesic medications, with a product portfolio that includes Ibuprofen, Aspirin, and Meloxicam [1] Industry Summary - The current season is marked by a surge in respiratory infectious diseases, leading to increased demand for antiviral medications such as Oseltamivir and Marbofloxacin, with sales growth rates of 237% and 180% respectively over the past week [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with expired medications, highlighting misconceptions about their safety and efficacy, particularly regarding both Western and traditional Chinese medicines [1][2][3]. Group 1: Misconceptions about Expired Medications - There is a prevalent belief that expired medications are safe to consume if they have not visibly changed, which is incorrect [1]. - Some individuals think that Western medicines have expiration dates while traditional Chinese medicines do not, which is misleading [1][3]. Group 2: Health Risks of Expired Medications - Expired medications can not only lose their effectiveness but may also undergo chemical changes that produce harmful substances [2]. - For instance, expired antibiotics may lose their ability to combat infections, potentially worsening health conditions [2]. - Certain medications, like aspirin, can decompose into harmful compounds that may cause gastrointestinal issues [2]. Group 3: Regulations and Storage of Traditional Chinese Medicine - The National Medical Products Administration has mandated that traditional Chinese medicine products must display expiration dates starting August 1, 2025, to ensure safety and efficacy [3]. - Proper storage of traditional Chinese medicines is crucial, as improper conditions can lead to spoilage and loss of effectiveness [3][8]. Group 4: Importance of Proper Storage - Effective storage conditions are essential for maintaining the safety and efficacy of medications, with specific temperature and humidity requirements [7]. - Medications should be stored according to their instructions, and opened products should be used within a specified timeframe to avoid contamination [6][7]. Group 5: Recommendations for Home Medicine Management - Regularly cleaning out home medicine cabinets and disposing of expired or spoiled medications is advised [8]. - Traditional Chinese medicines should be categorized and stored appropriately to prevent moisture and pest damage [8].

Core Insights - Bayer hosted an event themed "A Century of Aspirin, Walking with A" at the 8th China International Import Expo, marking the one-year anniversary of the rebranding of Aspirin and promoting cardiovascular health awareness through innovative AI technology [1][2] Group 1: Event Highlights - The event featured a dialogue between Bayer's Senior Vice President and the AI-represented inventor of Aspirin, Dr. Hoffman, emphasizing Aspirin's evolution from a pain reliever to a cornerstone in cardiovascular disease treatment [4] - Bayer's product pipeline includes various medications for cardiovascular health, such as antihypertensive drugs, oral hypoglycemic agents, and anticoagulants, showcasing the company's commitment to providing comprehensive health solutions [4] Group 2: Educational Initiatives - The "Cardiovascular Health Management Handbook - Heart Attack and Stroke Edition" was launched, aimed at enhancing public understanding of cardiovascular diseases and providing guidelines for medication use [7] - The handbook simplifies complex medical information into actionable insights for the general public, addressing disease recognition, emergency measures, and long-term medication management [7] Group 3: Expert Contributions - Experts from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and other institutions discussed the importance of Aspirin in the management of heart attacks and strokes, highlighting its role in emergency treatment and ongoing prevention strategies [5][6][7] - The event underscored the urgency of timely intervention in heart attack cases, with experts providing practical advice on recognizing symptoms and seeking immediate help [6][7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the plight of resource-depleted cities in Northern China, particularly focusing on 21 cities in North China and Northwest China, highlighting their struggles and survival strategies in the face of resource exhaustion [4][5]. Group 1: Coal Cities - Among the 21 cities, 16 are coal-depleted, with coal being the predominant resource, while 3 are depleting non-ferrous metals and 2 are oil-depleted [6][7]. - The coal resources in North and Northwest China are significantly more abundant than in Northeast China, which only accounts for less than 2% of the national coal resources [9][10]. - The six coal-producing regions north of the Kunlun-Qinling-Dabie Mountain line produce nearly half of the world's raw coal and contain over 90% of China's coal reserves [12][14]. - The cities of Shizuishan and Wuhai, known as the "twin coal cities," have been heavily impacted by mining activities, leading to severe ecological degradation [20][21]. - Shizuishan has a strong chemical industry base, producing 85% of the world's cyanamide, and is also a notable agricultural area [21]. - Wuhai, on the other hand, is focusing on coal chemical production and aims to become the global leader in BDO production, with potential to generate over 100 billion in coal chemical output [22][25]. Group 2: Shanxi Province - Shanxi Province is heavily reliant on coal, producing nearly one-seventh of the world's coal with significant economic implications [28]. - The province experienced a GDP growth of 28% in 2021 due to soaring coal prices, but faced a decline of 2.14% in 2024 as coal prices fell [30]. - The over-reliance on coal has led to environmental issues and a lack of diversification in the economy, making it difficult for the province to transition away from coal dependency [31][34]. Group 3: Oil Cities - The article contrasts the fortunes of coal cities with oil cities, highlighting the different trajectories of Puyang and Yumen, both of which are experiencing oil depletion [35][40]. - Puyang has adapted by processing imported oil and developing a petrochemical industry, maintaining its economic viability despite declining local oil production [41]. - In stark contrast, Yumen has faced severe decline, with its once-thriving oil industry collapsing and the city now largely abandoned, serving as a cautionary tale for resource-dependent cities [42][47]. Group 4: Overall Trends - The resource-depleted cities in Northern China exhibit a stark divide, with some cities managing to adapt and thrive while others face dire consequences [50]. - The future of these cities hinges on their ability to either deepen their reliance on resource extraction or pivot towards new economic models [51].

Group 1 - The article discusses the plight of resource-depleted cities in Northern China, focusing on 21 cities in North China and Northwest China, highlighting their struggles and survival strategies [3][4] - Among these cities, 16 are coal-depleted, 3 are non-ferrous metal-depleted, and 2 are oil-depleted, with coal being the predominant resource [4][10] - The coal resources in North and Northwest China are significantly more abundant compared to Northeast China, which only accounts for less than 2% of the national coal resources [6][10] Group 2 - The article categorizes the coal-depleted cities into two coal belts, one along the Yellow River and another in the Huanghuaihai region, with varying coal quality, reserves, and extraction difficulties [11][13] - The cities of Shizuishan and Wuhai, known as the "twin coal cities," have faced severe ecological degradation due to over-extraction, with Shizuishan producing over 500 million tons of raw coal since 1956 [16][17] - Wuhai, in contrast, has a more optimistic outlook, with significant coal reserves and plans to become the global leader in BDO production, leveraging its coal resources for chemical production [21][22] Group 3 - Shanxi Province, rich in coal, faces a paradox of wealth and resource curse, with coal accounting for a significant portion of its economy, leading to a dependency that hampers diversification [24][27] - The province's GDP growth surged by 28% in 2021 due to soaring coal prices, but a subsequent decline in coal prices resulted in a negative growth of 2.14% in 2024 [28][30] - The article emphasizes the urgent need for Shanxi to transition away from coal dependency, as its coal reserves are projected to be depleted in approximately 35 years [30][32] Group 4 - The article contrasts the fortunes of coal cities with oil cities, noting that cities like Puyang have successfully adapted by processing imported oil, while others like Yumen have faced severe decline and near abandonment [46][50] - Puyang has leveraged its chemical industry to sustain its economy despite declining local oil production, while Yumen, once a thriving oil hub, has seen its population and economic activity dwindle significantly [48][56] - The stark differences in outcomes for resource-depleted cities highlight the importance of diversification and adaptation strategies in the face of resource exhaustion [61][62]

Core Viewpoint - Pfizer has reached a "Most-Favored-Nation Price" agreement with the U.S. government, promising discounts of up to 85% and an average of about 50% on drugs for American patients, while receiving tariff exemptions and policy facilitation in return [1][3] Group 1: U.S. Drug Pricing Mechanism - The U.S. drug pricing mechanism has historically relied on free pricing and market regulation, with the 2003 Medicare Modernization Act prohibiting direct government negotiation, leading to high drug prices [2] - A 2024 RAND report indicates that the average price of drugs in the U.S. was 2.78 times higher than in 33 other OECD countries, with brand-name drugs averaging 4.22 times higher, contributing to the label of the U.S. as a "global drug price island" [2] Group 2: Policy Shifts - The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 marked a significant policy shift, granting Medicare the authority to negotiate drug prices and allowing the Department of Health and Human Services to set "Maximum Fair Prices" for high-cost drugs [3] - The first round of negotiated drug prices under the IRA saw reductions of 38% to 79% compared to original prices, indicating a move towards government intervention in drug pricing [3] Group 3: Future Drug Pricing Initiatives - The TrumpRx platform, set to launch in 2026, aims to provide discounted prices through government-led direct purchasing, using the "Most-Favored-Nation Price" principle to narrow the price gap between the U.S. and other developed countries [5] - The platform seeks to enhance government bargaining power, reduce intermediaries, and improve price transparency, similar to external reference pricing in Europe and centralized procurement in China [5] Group 4: Global Implications - Adjustments in U.S. drug pricing policies may influence global pharmaceutical value chains, potentially shifting multinational companies from regional pricing strategies to fair pricing based on clinical value and cost-effectiveness [6] - For China, the U.S. reforms present both challenges and opportunities, as the loosening of high price anchors may lead to lower profit expectations for global innovative drugs, prompting Chinese companies to accelerate their transition from "fast followers" to "original innovators" [6] Group 5: Overall Trends in Drug Pricing Governance - The U.S. drug pricing reform reflects a global rebalancing in pharmaceutical governance, with countries seeking to balance expenditure control, innovation promotion, and accessibility [7] - The agreement between Pfizer and the U.S. government exemplifies this trend, indicating a potential shift towards a more flexible and complementary role for government and market forces in the pharmaceutical industry [7]

Core Insights - Pfizer has reached a "Most-Favored-Nation Price" agreement with the U.S. government, promising discounts of up to 85% and an average of about 50% on drugs for American patients, while receiving tariff exemptions and policy facilitation in return [1][3] - The U.S. drug pricing system is shifting from a market-driven model to one with more direct government involvement, reflecting a broader trend in drug price governance [1][3][7] Group 1: Historical Context - The U.S. drug pricing mechanism has traditionally relied on free pricing and market regulation, with the 2003 Medicare Modernization Act prohibiting direct government negotiation on drug prices, leading to high drug costs [2][3] - The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 marked a significant policy shift, granting Medicare the authority to negotiate drug prices, which has resulted in price reductions of 38% to 79% for the first ten negotiated drugs [3][4] Group 2: Policy Developments - The TrumpRx platform, set to launch in 2026, aims to provide discounted prices through government-led direct purchasing, using the "Most-Favored-Nation Price" principle to narrow the price gap between the U.S. and other developed countries [5][6] - The U.S. drug price reform is expected to influence global pharmaceutical pricing strategies, potentially leading to a shift from regional pricing to fair pricing based on clinical value and cost-effectiveness [6][7] Group 3: Implications for the Pharmaceutical Industry - The adjustment in U.S. drug pricing policies may challenge multinational pharmaceutical companies' profit margins, prompting a transition towards original innovation among Chinese pharmaceutical firms [6][7] - The experience gained by Chinese companies in volume-based procurement and healthcare negotiations may provide them with a competitive advantage in the emerging global trend of value-oriented procurement [6][7]

Core Points - There is increasing public concern regarding President Trump's health following visible bruising and swelling, with a scheduled medical examination on Friday [1] - The White House describes the upcoming visit as a routine annual check-up, despite Trump having undergone a similar examination just six months prior [1] - Trump's chronic venous insufficiency diagnosis has been linked to his ankle swelling, a condition affecting approximately 20% of adults, particularly those over 70 [1][2] Summary by Sections - **Health Concerns** - Trump's visible bruising and swelling have raised health concerns among the public [1] - The President's doctor has stated that the ankle swelling is related to venous disease, which occurs when damaged valves in veins struggle to return blood to the heart [1] - **Medical Examination** - Trump will undergo a routine annual check-up at Walter Reed Medical Center, coinciding with a planned meeting with the military [1] - The last annual check-up was conducted just six months ago, raising questions about the necessity of another examination so soon [1] - **Medical History** - The White House has indicated that the bruising on Trump's hand is a result of frequent handshakes and a side effect of aspirin, which he takes for cardiovascular disease prevention [2] - Trump has publicly claimed to feel as healthy as he did 30 years ago, despite his age and health scrutiny [2]