Core Points - The Trump administration is expanding the scope of tariffs to include robots and medical devices, with investigations initiated under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act [1] - The Department of Commerce has 270 days to submit policy recommendations to the President regarding imports deemed critical to national security [1] - Concerns over reliance on foreign medical supplies, such as syringes and sutures, have prompted the new investigation into medical devices [1] - The investigation into robots and industrial machinery will focus on computer-controlled systems and widely used factory equipment [1] - The Department of Commerce will also review trade in personal protective equipment, including gloves and masks used during the COVID-19 pandemic [1] - The new investigations expand the range of industries potentially facing tariffs, following similar inquiries into pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, aircraft, critical minerals, and heavy trucks [1] - Previous tariffs have been imposed on automobiles, copper, steel, and aluminum using the same legal framework [1] Industry Implications - The Section 232 investigations provide a significant policy backing for the Trump administration, especially if comprehensive tariffs against multiple economies are challenged in federal court [2]

（原标题：美国政府为扩大关税铺路：对机器人、工业机械及医疗器械进口展开调查） 智通财经APP获悉，特朗普政府对机器人、工业机械和医疗设备的进口产品展开了调查，这为实施新的关税措施奠定了基础。根据美国联邦公 报，美国商务部正依据《贸易扩展法》第 232 条开展相关调查。调查于 9 月 2 日启动。根据该法律，总统有权对被认为对国家安全至关重要的商 品征收关税，而美国商务部需在 270 天内提交其政策建议。 这些新的调查反映了特朗普政府一些官员对于美国在诸多医疗用品(包括注射器、缝合线、导管和纱布)方面过度依赖外国供应商的担忧。美国商 务部还将审查个人防护设备的贸易情况，比如在新冠疫情期间随处可见的防护手套和口罩等产品。 新公布的医疗设备调查将不涉及处方药、生物制剂以及其他药品，这些药品的审查工作已经在商务部的另一项调查中进行了。 根据公告内容，此次对机器人及工业机械的调查将重点针对计算机控制的机械系统、铣床以及工厂中广泛使用的冲压和压装设备。 相关ETF 食品饮料ETF (产品代码: 515170) 新公布的调查扩大了可能受到关税影响的行业范围，而特朗普希望通过提高进口商品的成本来鼓励关键行业的国内制造业发展。 ...

百年机床前的驻足：海外华媒吉林见证工业遗产"新生" "这个机器老一辈捷克工人都很熟悉。"陈学东指着展陈的铣床介绍，这种机床的工艺水平在当时处于世 界领先水平，捷克同期的老工厂也在生产和使用。 在展览馆的多个展区，这位捷克媒体人都能找到中国、捷克两国工业发展的共鸣点。当他看到1890年制 造的"快利枪"时，连称这是"杰作"。其外形源自欧洲，但一些细节显示出了本土化特色。 吉林市与捷克虽然相距遥远，但工业发展有很多相似性。如今，两地都在推动老工业区更新以及产业升 级换代。 陈学东正在观看展览。 苍雁 摄 中新网吉林9月14日电 题：百年机床前的驻足：海外华媒吉林见证工业遗产"新生" 中新网记者 苍雁 石洪宇 斑驳的机床、泛黄的图纸、复刻的蒸汽机……在吉林机器制造局展览馆，陈学东放慢了脚步。当目光落 在一幅1881年工厂全景图上，他久久凝望，仿佛听见了东北工业文明深沉的呼吸。 捷克《捷华通讯》总编辑陈学东近日与十几个国家和地区的海外华文媒体代表走进这座工业文博场馆， 开启了一场跨越时空的工业溯源之旅。 吉林机器制造局所在的吉林省吉林市是中国东北老工业基地，工业历史悠长，文化积淀深厚。 吉林机器制造局创建于1881年 ...

Core Insights - The global supply chain restructuring is accelerating, transitioning from infrastructure construction to the critical phase of equipment procurement [1][2] - Most economies have completed the foundational and structural phases of factory construction and are nearing the end of the utility installation phase [1][3] Group 1: Equipment Procurement Phase - Economies such as the United States, India, Malaysia, and Romania have entered the equipment procurement phase, with significant increases in imports of key production equipment like milling machines, grinding machines, and cutting machines since the second half of 2024 [1][2][18] - The report indicates that the import volumes of generators and transformers have significantly increased from 2021 to 2023, aligning with the current capital expenditure trends, followed by a temporary slowdown in 2024 and a resurgence in 2025 [2][30][31] Group 2: Construction Phases Completion - The report highlights that the import values of excavators, pile drivers, and rebar, which represent the foundational phase, peaked and began to decline in the second half of 2023 for developed countries, while emerging markets showed a slowdown in growth [3][5][10] - The import data for cranes indicates that most economies have shown signs of a decline, suggesting that the structural phase of construction has either paused or concluded [3][7] Group 3: Utility Installation Phase - The utility installation phase is nearing completion, with data showing that the import values of water pipes in developed countries are expected to rebound after hitting a low in mid-2024, while emerging markets continue to see higher growth rates [15][16] - The report notes that cable imports in developed countries are also projected to rise again in the second half of 2024, indicating ongoing demand in the utility installation phase [16][20]

Group 1: Equipment Import Trends - Developed countries' excavator import values peaked and began to decline in H2 2023, while emerging markets like Indonesia and Romania continue to see increases[2] - Piling machine imports in developed countries have also peaked and started to decline, with Romania showing significant growth since mid-2024[2] - Most developed countries' bulldozer imports peaked in early 2023, with the U.S. experiencing the latest decline[2] Group 2: Construction Material Imports - Steel imports for most countries peaked in Q1 2023 and began to decline[3] - Cement imports in developed countries peaked mid-2023 but the decline has been limited, indicating ongoing demand in subsequent stages[3] - Emerging markets like Poland and Romania continue to expand their cement imports despite a general slowdown[3] Group 3: Construction Phases - Most economies have completed the "foundation" and "building structure" phases, now nearing the end of the "laying utilities" phase[4] - Countries like Japan, Romania, India, and Indonesia still show rising crane import values, suggesting ongoing demand for building structures[4] - The "laying utilities" phase is nearing completion as most economies see renewed imports of water pipes and electrical cables[4] Group 4: Equipment Purchase Phase - Some economies, including the U.S., India, Malaysia, and Romania, have entered the "equipment purchase" phase, with significant increases in imports of generators and transformers from 2021 to 2023[5] - Import values for milling machines have shown no significant growth from 2021 to 2023, but have started to rise in late 2024 in several developed countries[5] - Hydraulic press imports have increased in late 2024 across multiple economies, indicating a shift towards equipment acquisition[5]