要点速览 《科学》（Science）杂志揭晓2025年度十大科学突破榜单，带来一年中最重大的科学发现、可续进展和趋势： 每年，《科学》（Science）杂志都会评选出年度十大科学突破，包括一项科学突破冠军奖以及九项科学突 破入围奖。它们代表了一年中最重大的科学发现、科学进展和趋势。 2025年12月18日， 《科学》揭晓了2025年度十大科学突破榜单 ： 势不可挡的可再生能源 · 势不可挡的可再生能源 · 定制化基因编辑为极罕见疾病带来新希望 · 对抗性传播疾病的新武器 · 神经元对癌症的致命"馈赠" · 天空中的全视之眼 · 揭开"龙人"头骨之谜 · 大语言模型助力科学研究 · 计算的突破助力揭示粒子物理新进展 · 异种移植不断创造历史 · 耐高温水稻 自工业革命以来，人类社会一直依赖于来自"远古的太阳能"——这些能量由数亿年前的植物捕获，储存在化 石燃料中，并从地下挖掘和钻取而来。但今年，势头已明确转向来自"今天的太阳"的能源。可再生能源—— 其中大部分来自阳光本身或最终由太阳驱动的风能——已在多个方面超越了传统能源。 《科学》杂志指出，今年以来， 全球可再生能源以太阳能和风能为主快速增长，其新增发电量已 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with significant advancements expected in 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass coal for the first time, driven by rapid growth in solar and wind energy, which is sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China continues to expand its dominance in solar cells, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage, solidifying its leadership in global renewable energy production and related technologies [1] Group 2 - Approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries are produced in China, which holds a significant cost advantage [1] - China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by the journal include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with significant advancements expected by 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass traditional energy sources, marking a major transition in the energy sector [1] - In 2023, global renewable energy generation exceeded coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth rates sufficient to meet the new electricity demand for the first half of the year [1] Group 2 - China is expanding its presence in solar cells, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage, solidifying its leadership in global renewable energy production and related technologies [1] - Approximately 80% of solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries are produced in China, which holds a significant cost advantage [1] - China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1]

编辑丨王多鱼 撰文丨王聪 纹身水熊虫 这只水熊虫或许拥有世界上最小的"纹身"。研究人员利用电子束在覆盖在该动物身上的冰层上蚀刻出这些 点。电子束将冰层转化为一种化合物，这种化合物会附着在水熊虫的皮肤上，当其余的冰层蒸发时，图案 就会显现出来。 这种方法的精度极高，因此可能在生物医学工程领域得到应用， 为微生物传感、仿生器件 和活体微型机器人等领域提供了新的技术路径，展现了微纳制造技术与生物科学交叉融合的巨大潜力。此 外，研究团队正致力于使用该方法为更小的生物体 （包括细菌） 进行"纹身"。 排版丨水成文 从太阳表面的惊险一跃， 到给水熊虫"纹身"，从罕见的红色闪电，到实验室培育的人工肾脏……这些令人 叹为观止的画面，不仅是艺术的展现，更是科学前沿的直观记录。 近日，国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 评选了盘点了 2025 年最佳科学图片 ，让我们一起大饱眼福，感受科学 与艺术碰撞出的火花。 漫步阳光中 一位跳伞者纵身一跃，以信念为翼，其剪影完美地映衬在太阳表面之上 。 背景中可见的暗色太阳黑子，形 成于强磁场阻挡了通常会上涌至表面的热量之处 。天文摄影师 Andrew McCarthy 和跳伞者 Gabriel ...

Core Insights - China has become a global hub for scientific research, as highlighted by experts at the Hong Kong Crown Forum 2025, emphasizing the country's achievements in various fields [1][2]. Group 1: Scientific Collaboration - Nobel laureate Reinhard Genzel noted the close collaboration between Chinese researchers and international scientists, particularly in the field of black hole research and galaxy evolution [1][2]. - Genzel emphasized the importance of international cooperation in large-scale projects to alleviate financial pressures, despite political challenges affecting collaborations [2]. Group 2: Advancements in Microscopy - Wolfgang Baumeister, a recipient of the 2025 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine, stated that China may possess the largest number of high-end microscopes globally, facilitating significant advancements in cryo-electron tomography [3][5]. - Baumeister highlighted the efficiency of decision-making in China regarding the procurement of expensive research equipment, which contrasts with challenges faced in other countries due to political factors [5]. Group 3: Mathematical Research Trends - Nigel Hitchin, a British mathematician, observed a trend of talented mathematicians returning to China, where they are valued and provided with ample research opportunities [6][8]. - Hitchin discussed the increasing complexity of mathematical concepts and the growing reliance on computers and artificial intelligence in research, indicating a shift in methodologies [7][8].

Group 1 - The article highlights the educational philosophy of Yang Zhenning, emphasizing the importance of interest and talent in determining a child's path to success [10][20][22] - Yang Zhenning's children pursued diverse fields rather than following in his footsteps, showcasing the value of individual interests and strengths [6][8] - The article outlines three key parental strategies for fostering children's growth: recognizing their strengths, allowing them to make choices, and accepting mistakes [22][23][24] Group 2 - The concept of "permeation method" in education is discussed, which involves gradually deepening knowledge through exposure and practice rather than forced learning [25][27] - The article stresses the significance of cultivating good habits in children, such as reading and time management, as foundational elements for future success [28][29] - It emphasizes that a stable parental core is crucial for effective education, highlighting the need for parents to manage their emotions and maintain a calm demeanor [31][33][36] Group 3 - The article discusses the importance of developing a well-rounded personality in children, which is essential for their future resilience and adaptability [40][42] - It outlines three aspects for parents to focus on in nurturing a child's character: instilling positive values, leading by example, and providing unconditional love [46][49] - The article concludes that effective parenting involves patience and a focus on the child's unique growth trajectory rather than adhering to rigid standards [50][52]

Group 1: Development of Astronomy - Astronomy is one of the earliest and fastest-developing natural sciences in China, with significant historical contributions to global astronomy [2] - The invention of the telescope by Galileo in 1610 marked a revolutionary advancement in astronomy, leading to a new era of exploration [2] - The continuous technological breakthroughs in telescopes over the past 400 years have resulted in major discoveries and advancements in human understanding of the universe [2][3] Group 2: Breakthroughs in Contemporary Astronomy - The 21st century has seen significant revolutionary achievements in astronomy, marking a golden age of rapid development and breakthroughs [3] - Current astronomical research focuses on stars, black holes, galaxies, and the large-scale structure of the universe, enhancing understanding of cosmic laws [3] - The detection of gravitational waves has led to advancements in high-tech applications, pushing the boundaries of quantum precision measurement [3] Group 3: China's Advancements in Astronomy - China's astronomical research and technology have made significant progress, establishing world-class research teams and leading technological capabilities [4] - Major scientific projects like the Guo Shoujing Telescope and the "Chinese Sky Eye" have gained international attention, contributing to fields such as gravitational wave detection and lunar exploration [4] - China's astronomy research plays a crucial role in national needs, supporting areas like lunar and deep space exploration, satellite precision tracking, and space weather monitoring [4] Group 4: Future Directions in Space Exploration - The National Space Science Medium- and Long-term Development Plan (2024-2050) outlines strategic goals for China's space exploration, focusing on five major scientific themes [5] - Space exploration is a vital pathway for understanding the objective world and serves as a source for high-tech advancements, driving developments in various technological fields [5] - Recent achievements in astronomy and space technology have showcased China's scientific strength and sparked public interest in cosmic exploration [5] Group 5: Significance of Space Exploration - Space exploration is crucial for discovering new resources, supporting economic development, and expanding human living space in response to environmental challenges [6] - It fosters international cooperation and advances scientific and technological progress, potentially revealing the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and black holes [6] - The exploration of the universe symbolizes national strength and enhances competitiveness, while also prompting reflections on humanity's destiny [6]

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