2025年算力调度平台行业 优化计算资源，支撑AI应用 ◼ 研究背景 随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展，全球 范围内对算力的需求呈现指数级增长， 因此需要算力调度来实现跨地域、跨 平台的算力资源整合与优化调度。 ◼ 研究目标 概览标签：算力、算力调度 Computing Power Scheduling Platform Industry 計算力スケジューリングプラットフォーム業界 报告提供的任何内容（包括但不限于数据、文本、图表、图像等）均系头豹研究院独有的高度机密性文件（在报告中另 行标明出处者除外）。 ，任何人不得以任何方式擅自复制、再造、传播、出版、引用、改 编、汇编本报告内容，若有违反上述约定的行为发生，头豹研究院保留采取法律措施、追究相关人员责任的权利。头豹 研究院开展的所有商业活动均使用"头豹研究院"或"头豹"的商号、商标，头豹研究院无任何前述名称之外的其他分支机构 ，也未授权或聘用其他任何第三方代表头豹研究院开展商业活动。 头豹研究院 1 01 异构算力调度面临的挑战： ◆ 异构算力调度面临多重核心挑战：资源异 构性与软件环境碎片化显著增加调度复杂 性；跨架构任务迁移成本高导致效率低下； 缺乏统一调 ...

Core Technology & Product Offering - Daily 公司提供实时音视频和 AI 的全球基础设施，并推出开源、供应商中立的项目 Pipecat，旨在帮助开发者构建可靠、高性能的语音 AI 代理 [2][3] - Pipecat 框架包含原生电话支持，可与 Twilio 和 Pivo 等多个电话提供商即插即用，还包括完全开源的音频智能转向模型 [12][13] - Pipecat Cloud 是首个开源语音 AI 云，旨在托管专为语音 AI 问题设计的代码，支持 60 多种模型和服务 [14][15] - Daily 推出 Pipecat Cloud，作为 Docker 和 Kubernetes 的轻量级封装，专门为语音 AI 优化，解决快速启动、自动缩放和实时性能等问题 [29] Voice AI Agent Development & Challenges - 构建语音代理需要考虑代码编写、代码部署和用户连接三个方面，用户对语音 AI 的期望很高，要求 AI 能够理解、智能、会话且听起来自然 [5][6] - 语音 AI 代理需要快速响应，目标是 800 毫秒的语音到语音响应时间，同时需要准确判断何时响应 [7][8] - 开发者使用 Pipecat 等框架，以避免编写turn detection（转弯检测）、中断处理和上下文管理等复杂代码，从而专注于业务逻辑和用户体验 [10] - 语音 AI 面临长会话、低延迟网络协议和自动缩放等独特挑战，冷启动时间至关重要 [25][26][30] - 语音 AI 的主要挑战包括：背景噪音会触发不必要的LLM中断，以及代理的非确定性 [38][40] Model & Service Ecosystem - Pipecat 支持多种模型和服务，包括 OpenAI 的音频模型和 Gemini 的多模态实时 API，用于会话流程和游戏互动 [15][19][22] - 行业正在探索 Moshi 和 Sesame 等下一代研究模型，这些模型具有持续双向流架构，但尚未完全准备好用于生产 [49][56] - Gemini 在原生音频输入模式下表现良好，且定价具有竞争力，但模型在音频模式下的可靠性低于文本模式 [61][53] - Ultravox 是一个基于 Llama 3 7B 主干的语音合成模型，如果 Llama 3 70B 满足需求，那么 Ultravox 是一个不错的选择 [57][58] Deployment & Infrastructure - Daily 公司在全球范围内提供端点，通过 AWS 或 OCI 骨干网路由，以优化延迟并满足数据隐私要求 [47] - 针对澳大利亚等地理位置较远的用户，建议将服务部署在靠近推理服务器的位置，或者在本地运行开放权重模型 [42][44] - 语音到语音模型的主要优势在于，它们可以在转录步骤中保留信息，例如混合语言，但音频数据量不足可能会导致问题 [63][67]

Core Insights - The article discusses the establishment of the Agent2Agent (A2A) project by the Linux Foundation in collaboration with major tech companies like AWS, Google, and Microsoft, aimed at creating an open standard for communication between AI agents [1][3][7] - A2A is positioned as a higher-level protocol compared to the Model Context Protocol (MCP), facilitating seamless interaction among multiple AI agents, while MCP focuses on integrating large models with external tools [6][7][11] - The article highlights the importance of these protocols in enhancing the reliability and functionality of AI systems, particularly in complex workflows involving multiple AI agents [14][15][18] Summary by Sections A2A Project Announcement - The A2A project was announced at the North America Open Source Summit on June 23, with initial contributions from Google, including the A2A protocol specification and related SDKs [1] - The A2A protocol aims to address the "island" problem of AI by enabling communication and collaboration between different AI systems [1] Comparison with MCP - MCP has rapidly expanded, growing from 500 servers in February to over 4000 servers currently, indicating its swift adoption [4] - A2A operates at a higher level than MCP, focusing on inter-agent communication, while MCP standardizes communication between large models and external tools [6][7] Developer Perspectives - Developers express uncertainty about how A2A and MCP will coexist, with some suggesting that A2A needs to demonstrate unique capabilities to stand out [11] - A2A's HTTP-based communication model may offer easier integration compared to MCP, which has been noted for its complexity [11][12] Protocol Necessity and ROI - The necessity of adopting these protocols is questioned, with some industry leaders suggesting that they should only be used when genuinely needed [13] - The article emphasizes the challenges in measuring ROI for AI applications, highlighting that only about 5% of generative AI projects have turned into profitable products [18] Security and Monitoring Concerns - There are concerns regarding the security and complexity of both protocols, particularly in terms of identity verification and authorization [17] - The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for agent-driven systems are still in early stages, indicating a need for further development in this area [17]

Core Insights - China and Hong Kong have emerged as one of the earliest and strongest ecosystems in the cloud-native field, with a total of 1.0686 million open-source contributions, ranking second globally, including 327,400 contributions to the Kubernetes project [1] - The KubeCon+CloudNativeCon China 2025 summit, held in Hong Kong, signals the growing importance of the region in the cloud-native landscape [1] - The cloud-native concept, defined by CNCF, facilitates the construction and operation of scalable applications in dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds [1] Group 1: Ecosystem Growth - CNCF's 2024 annual report indicates over 140 new members joined last year, bringing the total to over 200 projects and 728 members, with more than 270,000 contributors from 189 countries [4] - Key open-source projects from China, such as Volcano, Dragonfly, KubeEdge, and OpenYurt, demonstrate significant capabilities in edge computing, container scheduling, and distributed processing [2] Group 2: Industry Applications - Major cloud service providers like Tencent Cloud, Huawei, Alibaba Cloud, and Baidu Intelligent Cloud are members of the ecosystem, contributing to advancements in distributed consensus mechanisms within Kubernetes [5] - Hong Kong's financial institutions are core adopters of cloud computing technology, with platforms like the new IPO settlement platform FINI and HKEX Synapse enhancing digital transaction processes [5] Group 3: AI Integration - Cloud-native computing technologies are expected to bring systemic innovations to the AI industry, with local deployments by major companies supporting digitalization needs in Hong Kong [6] - The Hong Kong government views cloud computing and cloud-native technologies as key foundations for smart city development, promoting their application in e-government, smart transportation, and healthcare [8] Group 4: Open Source Impact - The economic value of open source is highlighted, with a study indicating that the cost of acquiring all necessary open-source software for technology creation could reach $9 trillion [6] - The success of open-source projects relies on user participation and a structured approach that is friendly to new contributors [8]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive investment outlook for the computing power scheduling platform industry, driven by the rapid growth in AI model applications and the increasing demand for high-performance computing resources [10][14]. Core Insights - The demand for intelligent computing power in China is experiencing unprecedented growth, particularly in large model applications, which account for nearly 60% of the demand, highlighting the significant potential of the future computing power market [14][30]. - The profitability of computing power scheduling centers heavily relies on government subsidies, which are designed to ensure local resource utilization and risk control. Successful engagement with government decision-making is crucial for companies to secure these subsidies [22][30]. - The core value of computing power scheduling platforms lies in their ability to efficiently integrate and schedule heterogeneous computing resources, significantly improving resource utilization and reducing costs for users [17][20]. Summary by Sections Computing Power Scheduling Platform's Scaling Path - The rapid growth of intelligent computing demand in China is driven by AI large models, leading to accelerated development of large-scale, high-performance computing centers [11][10]. - The profitability of computing power scheduling centers is highly dependent on government subsidies, which aim to ensure local resource utilization and risk management [22][30]. - Platforms must possess efficient integration and scheduling capabilities for heterogeneous computing resources to achieve low-cost, scalable, and marketable monetization [31][39]. Value of Computing Power Scheduling Platforms - The platforms enhance resource utilization, lower user costs, and simplify management processes, providing efficient and convenient computing power services [17][20]. - The core technologies required include resource virtualization, fine-grained slicing, real-time monitoring, and tidal scheduling, which enable low-cost and efficient utilization of resources [31][38]. Government Subsidies as Core Source - Government subsidies are essential for the profitability of computing power scheduling centers, with a structured mechanism to ensure local resource utilization and risk control [22][30]. - Companies must strategically engage early in government decision-making to influence standards and secure contracts [23][30]. Technical Features of Quality Computing Power Scheduling Platforms - Platforms need to have capabilities for fine-grained resource slicing, heterogeneous compatibility, cross-regional scheduling, real-time monitoring, and dynamic scheduling to achieve efficient resource reuse and low-cost monetization [31][38]. Core of Scaling Computing Power Centers - The core of monetizing the value of computing power platforms lies in a large and diverse customer base, which determines profitability speed and pricing potential [39][42]. - A diverse customer base allows for tiered pricing strategies to maximize revenue, while partnerships can help focus on high-margin computing power sales [42][39].

Core Points - The article discusses the architecture and technology choices for social applications, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right frameworks and services for development [5][8][9]. Group 1: Frontend Development - The frontend of a social app consists of mobile (iOS/Android) and web applications, utilizing frameworks like React.js, Vue.js, and Angular for single-page applications [3][5]. - Mobile app development can be native (using Swift for iOS and Kotlin for Android) or cross-platform (using React Native, Flutter, uni-app, or Taro), each with its own advantages and disadvantages [6][8]. Group 2: Backend Development - The backend handles business logic, data storage, user authentication, and API interfaces, with popular frameworks including Spring Boot for Java, Django for Python, and Express.js for Node.js [9]. - Java is noted for its high performance and stability, making it suitable for large-scale applications, while Python offers rapid development capabilities for smaller projects [9]. Group 3: Database and Storage Solutions - Relational databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL are commonly used for structured data, while NoSQL databases like MongoDB and Redis are preferred for unstructured data and high-speed access [9]. - Object storage services from providers like Alibaba Cloud and Tencent Cloud are essential for managing user-generated content such as images and videos [9]. Group 4: Cloud Services and Compliance - For the Chinese market, compliance with local regulations, including ICP filing and app registration, is crucial, along with the selection of domestic cloud service providers like Alibaba Cloud and Tencent Cloud [8]. - The article highlights the importance of integrating third-party SDKs for functionalities like instant messaging and content moderation, with a focus on local providers [8][9]. Group 5: Development Tools and Technologies - The use of message queues (e.g., Kafka, RabbitMQ) and search engines (e.g., Elasticsearch) is recommended for system decoupling and enhancing user experience through personalized content [9]. - Containerization technologies like Docker and Kubernetes are suggested for efficient application deployment and management [9].

Core Insights - Cloud computing is one of the fastest-growing sectors in technology, characterized by the delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing organizations to scale resources efficiently [1][3] - The sector benefits from economies of scale, where profitability growth can significantly exceed revenue growth once fixed costs are covered [2] - The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated growth in cloud computing as organizations utilize cloud services to develop and run AI models and applications [3] Company Summaries Amazon - Amazon is the largest cloud computing service provider globally, holding nearly a 30% market share, with its Amazon Web Services (AWS) segment being the most profitable and fastest-growing [6] - AWS revenue increased by 17% year-over-year to $29.3 billion, while operating income rose by 22% to $11.5 billion [6] - Key growth drivers for AWS include its Bedrock and SageMaker solutions, which allow customers to customize AI models and build their own from scratch [7][8] Microsoft - Microsoft Azure has been gaining market share, with revenue growth of 30% or more for the past seven quarters, reaching a market share of around 22% [9] - The partnership with OpenAI has enhanced Azure's offerings, allowing customers to integrate leading AI models into their applications [10] - Microsoft is diversifying its AI portfolio by hosting models from xAI and hiring talent from DeepMind to develop its own AI models [11] Alphabet - Alphabet's Google Cloud, with about a 12% market share, has reached a profitability inflection point, with revenue climbing 28% year-over-year to $12.3 billion and operating income surging 142% to $2.2 billion [12][13] - Google Cloud's competitive edge comes from its Vertex AI platform, analytics tools like BigQuery, and leadership in Kubernetes [14] - Alphabet has developed advanced AI models like Gemini and custom AI chips to enhance its cloud services, despite concerns about AI's impact on its search business [15][16]

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Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The cloud infrastructure market is expected to experience rapid growth in 2025, driven by the implementation of AI applications and the launch of AI chips by major manufacturers, with total investment projected to reach 380 billion RMB [1][2][4] - The cloud computing sector underwent a significant adjustment in Q1, but pessimistic expectations have been largely digested, making it a suitable time for investment if actual demand does not decline significantly during the earnings season [1][5] Key Insights and Arguments - Domestic cloud computing structures differ from overseas, with a higher expected proportion of inference-related applications. Progress in models and applications is promising, as seen with Alibaba's release of a native multimodal model [1][6] - The IDC industry is witnessing an improvement in supply-demand dynamics, with significant delivery schedules and scales anticipated in 2025. The Q1 reports from the three major telecom operators indicate rapid growth in IDC business, presenting a good opportunity for investment [1][9] - Data center construction relies heavily on capital expenditure expansion from IDC manufacturers, with 2025 being a year of strong performance certainty. Attention should be paid to inventory and contract liabilities changes [1][10] Investment Opportunities - The current market conditions are favorable for positioning in the cloud computing sector, especially with major companies like Alibaba and Tencent expected to report strong earnings [1][5] - The IDC industry is recovering from a phase of oversupply, and government regulations are expected to facilitate healthier development. The focus should be on revenue realization from major operators [9][12] - The liquid cooling technology is gaining traction, with a higher penetration rate expected in 2025. Monitoring manufacturer certification and industry penetration rates will be crucial [14] Additional Important Points - The diesel generator market is experiencing tight supply and demand, with significant price increases expected due to limited core engine resources [3][22] - The AIGC infrastructure-related companies are seeing substantial capital expenditure growth, with IDC-related businesses showing significant growth in Q1 [15] - The overall trend in the IaaS sector is a long-term price increase, influenced by capital expenditure and computing power construction [19] Recommendations - Focus on investment in IDC, cooling systems, and domestic computing power-related sectors, as these areas are expected to see significant capital expenditure expansion in 2025 [11][18] - Companies like Yingwei and others in the cooling sector are recommended for investment due to their strong performance and market positioning [10][12]