Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Outperform the Market (maintained rating) [5] Core Insights - The report discusses the challenges in data center link technologies, emphasizing the trade-offs between transmission distance, power consumption, and reliability. Copper cables offer high efficiency and reliability but are limited to distances of less than 2 meters, while optical links provide longer distances at the cost of higher power consumption and lower reliability [1][11]. - The introduction of the MOSAIC optical transmission technology by Microsoft aims to overcome the limitations of both optical and copper links, achieving long-distance transmission, low power consumption, and high reliability without requiring hardware changes [2][18]. - MOSAIC utilizes a wide-and-slow architecture with numerous parallel channels operating at lower data rates, employing Micro LEDs as transmitters to achieve high data rates [3][26]. Summary by Sections 1. Challenges in Current Link Technologies - Data center networks face fundamental trade-offs in transmission distance, power consumption, and reliability, with copper cables being limited in distance and optical links suffering from high power consumption [1][11]. - The performance of copper cables declines rapidly with increased data rates, while optical links experience significant power increases [12][15]. 2. MOSAIC Technology Overview - MOSAIC is designed to be backward compatible with existing standards and interfaces, allowing seamless integration into current network architectures [2][18]. - The architecture employs a large number of parallel channels, each operating at a lower data rate of 2 Gbps, to achieve higher aggregate speeds [3][26]. - MOSAIC has demonstrated the ability to maintain stable data transmission over distances of up to 30 meters, significantly exceeding traditional copper cable capabilities [32]. 3. Component Increment from MOSAIC - The implementation of MOSAIC is expected to benefit several components, including Micro LEDs, multi-core imaging fibers, TIR lenses, CMOS sensors, and Micro LED optical connectors [4][42]. - The report highlights specific companies that could benefit from this technology, such as Zhaochi Co., Sanan Optoelectronics, and Longfly Fiber [5][64]. 4. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies involved in the MOSAIC supply chain, particularly those producing Micro LEDs and related optical components, as they are likely to see significant growth with the adoption of this technology [4][64].

自2024年以来，以生成式AI和空间计算为代表的科技浪潮以史无前例的深度和广度重塑着千 行百业。从AI PC的曙光初现到智能汽车"第三空间"概念的深化，再到AR/VR设备探索消费级 市场的路径，一个由算力和模型驱动的数智化新纪元已然来临。作为承载信息洪流、实现人机 交互、构筑沉浸体验的核心硬件，显示技术正处在这场变革风暴的中心，迎来到了前所未有的 机遇与挑战。 在过去的一年多时间里，显示产业的内部演进同样波澜壮阔，各大主流技术路线在激烈的市场 竞争中奋力求索，迈向新的发展拐点： Micro LED： 发展路径逐渐清晰，产业化进程的齿轮加速转动。一方面，巨量转移技术、全 彩化等瓶颈持续松动，降本之路的探索也有了新方向；另一方面，凭借优越的性能优势， Micro LED在大尺寸显示、高端车载、穿戴设备等领域的应用潜力，正从概念加速走向商业落 地，逐步寻得可以立足并扩大规模的利基点。 Mini LED： 历经市场洗礼，成功从"技术先锋"转型为"市场主力"。在背光领域，其凭借极致 的控光分区与高性价比，持续与OLED在高端电视及显示器市场分庭抗礼；在直显领域，随着 COB/MiP等封装技术的发展，Mini LED直显 ...

Core Insights - The commercialization of Mini LED and Micro LED technologies is accelerating, with Mini LED penetration in TVs and monitors significantly improving, providing users with a better visual experience. Micro LED is also emerging in the high-end display market due to its superior performance [1] - The investment in China's optoelectronic display industry is projected to be approximately 103.5 billion RMB in the first half of 2025, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 26.7% [1] Investment Trends - The investment in the display panel sector leads with 45.1 billion RMB, accounting for 43.6% of the total, but shows an 18.3% decrease compared to the same period last year, indicating adjustments in traditional panel capacity [2] - The Mini/Micro LED sector received 23.0% of the investment, totaling 23.8 billion RMB, despite a significant year-on-year decline of 48.5%, maintaining its position as the second-largest investment area [2] - The optoelectronic module projects attracted 17.4 billion RMB, representing 16.8% of the total investment, with a year-on-year decrease of 37.8% [2] - The optoelectronic materials sector experienced a 34.6% growth, with investments reaching 16 billion RMB, becoming the only segment to achieve positive growth, highlighting the increasing strategic value of the upstream supply chain [2] Regional Investment Distribution - The investment in China's optoelectronic display industry shows a clear regional concentration, with the top five investment areas accounting for 78.8% of total funds. Sichuan leads with 28.4 billion RMB, representing 27.5% of the total, followed by Hunan with 22.5 billion RMB, or 21.8% [3] - Domestic capital dominates the funding sources, making up 87.4%, while investments from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Japan/Korea are declining, indicating a trend towards localized development in the optoelectronic display industry [3] Notable Projects - A significant investment project in the optoelectronic display industry is the Huike full-color M-LED new display chip base, with a total investment of 10 billion RMB located in Nanchong, Sichuan, aiming for a monthly production capacity of 1 million chips [5] - In the optoelectronic materials sector, optical films received 7.6 billion RMB, leading the investment but showing a 15.7% decline year-on-year, while photomasks saw a remarkable increase of 415.0% in investment, reaching 3.8 billion RMB, indicating a shift towards high-end materials [5] Market Outlook - The global optoelectronic display panel industry is expected to experience new growth opportunities driven by advanced technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence. The demand for smart terminal devices and automotive displays is steadily increasing, contributing to industry expansion [6] - The market is witnessing a "dual-track" development approach, with traditional LCD technology maintaining stable growth due to its established supply chain, while OLED technology is gaining traction due to its flexible display characteristics and increasing market penetration [6]

Core Viewpoint - The investment amount in China's optoelectronic display industry for the first half of 2025 is approximately 103.5 billion RMB, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 26.7%, with funds primarily directed towards display panels and MLED-related materials [1][2]. Investment Breakdown - The investment in the display panel sector reached 45.1 billion RMB, accounting for 43.6% of the total, but this represents an 18.3% decrease compared to the same period last year, indicating an adjustment in traditional panel capacity [4]. - The Mini/Micro LED (MLED) sector received 23.0% of the total investment, amounting to 23.8 billion RMB, despite a significant year-on-year decline of 48.5%, maintaining its position as the second-largest investment area [4]. - Investment in optoelectronic module projects totaled 17.4 billion RMB, representing 16.8% of the total, with a year-on-year decrease of 37.8% [4]. - Notably, the optoelectronic materials sector experienced a 34.6% growth, with an investment amount of 16 billion RMB, increasing its share to 15.5%, highlighting the rising strategic value of upstream components in the industry [4]. Regional Investment Distribution - The investment in China's optoelectronic display industry shows a clear regional concentration, with the top five investment areas accounting for 78.8% of the total funds. Sichuan leads with 28.4 billion RMB, representing 27.5% of the total, followed by Hunan with 22.5 billion RMB, or 21.8% [5]. - Domestic capital dominates the investment landscape, making up 87.4% of the total, while investments from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea are on the decline, indicating a trend towards localization in the optoelectronic display industry [5]. Key Projects - A significant investment project in the first half of 2025 is the Huike full-color M-LED new display chip base project, with a total investment of 10 billion RMB located in Nanchong, Sichuan, and a planned monthly production capacity of 100,000 units [7]. Material Sector Trends - In the optoelectronic materials sector, optical films received 7.6 billion RMB, leading the investment but showing a 15.7% decline year-on-year, indicating a more rational investment approach [7]. - The photomask segment saw a remarkable increase, with investments reaching 3.8 billion RMB, a staggering year-on-year growth of 415.0%, making it the fastest-growing category [7]. - The electronic chemicals sector attracted 1.8 billion RMB in investment, reflecting a shift in investment structure as the industry undergoes a critical transformation driven by technological upgrades and product iterations [7]. Market Outlook - The global optoelectronic display panel industry is poised for a new round of development opportunities in 2025, driven by advancements in 5G communication and artificial intelligence, with continuous upgrades in smart terminal devices and increasing demand for automotive displays contributing to steady industry expansion [8]. - The market is experiencing a dual-track development approach, with traditional LCD technology maintaining stable growth due to its established supply chain, while OLED technology is gaining traction for its flexible display features, leading to increased market penetration [8].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the LED display industry Core Insights - The LED display industry is characterized by high brightness, long lifespan, reliability, low power consumption, and environmental friendliness, with applications in advertising, information display, entertainment, and industrial control [5][6] - Continuous technological innovation, such as the adoption of MicroLED and MiniLED technologies, is enhancing display quality and expanding application scenarios, driving market competitiveness [5][6] - The market is experiencing rapid growth due to technological advancements, cost reductions, and increasing global demand, particularly in sectors like television, commercial display, and ultra-high-definition TVs [8] Market Background - The LED display industry has evolved from technology introduction to independent research and international competition since its inception in the 1980s, with significant advancements in technology and product quality [7] - Major brands like BOE, Leyard, and Tianma Microelectronics are leading the industry through continuous innovation and market expansion [7] Market Status - The market size of China's LED display industry is expanding, driven by the maturity of new display technologies and strong demand in various sectors [8] - The manufacturing cost of LED displays is decreasing due to economies of scale and technological progress, enhancing market competitiveness [9] - The demand for high-quality display products is increasing, particularly in large-screen TVs and ultra-high-definition displays, supported by a broad consumer base [10] Market Competition - The competition in the LED display industry is characterized by a "technology-driven + scenario deepening + ecosystem integration" model, with leading companies leveraging their advantages in technology and supply chain [17][18] - Key players like Leyard and Absen are rapidly capturing market share through high-performance products and customized services [17][18] - The focus of competition is shifting towards comprehensive solutions that integrate hardware, software, and services, with an emphasis on high-value applications such as virtual filming and smart city integration [18] Recommended Brands - BOE: A leader in the semiconductor display industry, holding the top position in both LCD and OLED markets [19] - Tianma Microelectronics: Invests heavily in display technology R&D, focusing on advanced technologies like OLED [19] - Leyard: Industry leader in LED small pitch and Micro LED technologies, driving the development of the LED display industry [19] - Absen: Offers a rich product line in the LED display sector, well-regarded in both domestic and international markets [19][20] Development Trends - The LED display industry is expected to maintain rapid growth, with ongoing advancements in Micro LED and Mini LED technologies enhancing product performance and expanding application areas [21] - Leading brands will continue to invest in R&D and market expansion, positioning themselves for future opportunities and challenges in the global market [21]

Core Viewpoint - Recent advancements in Micro LED mass transfer processes have been achieved through collaboration between Fuzhou University and Chalmers University of Technology, which may significantly accelerate the commercialization of Micro LED technology in AR/VR, wearable devices, and smart glasses [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Development - The research team developed a high-yield laser mass transfer method for Micro LEDs that eliminates residual polymers, enhancing the transfer process's efficiency [2]. - The laser-induced transfer method operates within a laser energy range of 1200–1500 mJ/cm², achieving a chip retention rate of nearly 100% during the transfer process [2]. - The new technology overcomes limitations of traditional mass transfer methods, such as electrostatic transfer and micro-stamping, by providing precise control over laser focus depth and avoiding chip surface damage [2][3]. Group 2: Precision and Compatibility - A mathematical relationship was established to compensate for instability factors like sapphire warping, enabling precise transfer without polymer residues [3]. - The technology is compatible with various sizes and types of Micro LED chips, laying a solid foundation for transferring Micro LEDs to TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) driving substrates [4]. Group 3: Future Applications and Collaborations - Future plans include expanding the technology's application potential in full-color Micro LEDs, flexible displays, and micro-projection [5]. - Fuzhou University has made significant progress in μLED display chip preparation and mass transfer technologies, collaborating with enterprises and universities to advance Micro LED research [6].

Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Recommended [5] Core Viewpoints - Micro LED is seen as the ultimate partner for waveguide technology, enhancing display performance significantly in AR applications [1][9] - The Micro LED technology offers advantages in brightness, contrast, refresh rate, power consumption, and size compared to other display technologies [2][13] - The industry is witnessing a surge in AR glasses equipped with "waveguide + Micro LED" solutions, indicating a growing market potential [1][4] Summary by Sections 1. Display Technology - The combination of optical solutions and Micro LED displays can achieve a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall display quality for AR glasses [1][9] - Current display technologies include LCOS, DLP, LBS, Micro OLED, and Micro LED, with Micro LED being favored for its superior performance metrics [1][11] 2. Micro LED Technology - Micro LED technology involves miniaturizing and arraying LED structures, allowing for individual pixel addressing and driving [2][13] - It inherits high resolution, high PPI, high refresh rate, and high contrast from Micro OLED while improving response time, power consumption, and color gamut [2][13] 3. Technical Challenges - The main challenges in Micro LED production include substrate preparation, chip structure, bonding processes, and achieving full-color displays [3][24] - Full-color display solutions are currently being explored, with the combined light solution being the most mature, while others like quantum dot color conversion and three-color stacking are still in experimental stages [3][43] 4. Manufacturer Landscape - Major players in the Micro LED space include JBD, Raynex, Sitan Technology, and Nox Technology, each with unique technological strengths and production capabilities [4][56] - JBD is recognized for its leading technology in Micro LED displays, focusing on various applications including AR glasses and automotive HUDs [57][64] 5. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that with the integration of AI models and active participation from major manufacturers, AR glasses are expected to see accelerated iterations and significant growth potential [4][10] - Beneficiaries of this trend include companies like JBD, Raynex, Sitan Technology, and others listed in the report [4][10]

Group 1: Technology Development - The company focuses on customer-oriented product development, addressing varying technical parameter requirements for different application scenarios in AR glasses [2][3] - Micro LED technology is recognized for its high brightness, efficiency, and longevity, making it suitable for AR/VR devices, despite current production cost limitations [3] Group 2: R&D Personnel Changes - The reduction in R&D personnel in the 2024 report is attributed to business structure optimization, with staff transitioning to production roles to enhance yield and delivery capabilities [3] - The company continues to prioritize R&D innovation by recruiting high-end technical talent, particularly in new display technologies and AR/VR optical solutions [3] Group 3: Production Optimization - Current production optimization efforts focus on centralized production layout and automation to enhance scale efficiency, including streamlining material transfer and optimizing production line layouts [5] - The company aims to strategically focus on high-value products, particularly in Mini/Micro LED and automotive LED sectors, to improve product mix and increase the proportion of high-margin products [5]

Core Viewpoint - The South Korean government plans to invest 484 billion KRW (approximately 350 million USD, 2.51 billion CNY) in developing iLED (Inorganic Light-Emitting Diode) display technology by 2032, aiming to establish a complete local industrial ecosystem and find new growth engines for the display industry [1][3][9]. Group 1: Current Market Position - South Korea currently leads the OLED market but lags in the iLED sector, heavily relying on imports for LED epitaxy, chips, and materials [3][4]. - Chinese companies, supported by their government, have rapidly risen in the display market, surpassing South Korea in LCD panels and closing the gap in OLED technology [5][6]. Group 2: iLED Technology Advantages - iLED technology is seen as the next-generation display technology that could potentially disrupt OLED, offering better lifespan, brightness, picture quality, and energy efficiency, while avoiding issues like "burn-in" [5][6]. - The manufacturing and transfer of micro-level LED chips in iLED technology align more closely with the semiconductor industry, which poses a competitive challenge for South Korean firms [6][7]. Group 3: Government Investment Goals - The investment aims to address three main issues: reversing the technological lag in the iLED field, reducing reliance on foreign-made key LED chips and materials, and finding new economic growth engines post-OLED [7][9]. - The initiative is part of a broader strategy to secure a competitive edge in the global display industry and ensure supply chain security [9]. Group 4: Future Implications - The investment is expected to influence the global evolution of display technology, with the competition in the iLED sector already underway [9].

Core Viewpoint - The panel industry is experiencing growth driven by tariff stocking and national subsidy policies, while companies are diversifying their technology and application layouts to prepare for future developments [2][19]. Group 1: Company Investments and Projects - Huike is the most active panel manufacturer in new display project construction, with multiple projects entering various stages, including a total investment of 80 billion yuan for an electronic paper display module project and 50 billion yuan for an intelligent manufacturing complex [3][4]. - BOE is advancing multiple projects, including the world's first 6-inch Micro LED production line, with an annual production capacity of 24,000 Micro LED wafers and 45,000 Micro LED pixel devices [6][7]. - TCL Huaxing is strengthening its LCD business through acquisitions, including the purchase of LGD's Guangzhou 8.5-generation line, with a total investment of approximately 254 billion yuan [8][9]. - LG Display is focusing on OLED technology, with a significant investment of 1.26 trillion won (approximately 66.56 billion yuan) for an OLED panel factory in South Korea [11][12]. - Hefei Guoxian is constructing the world's first 8.6-generation AMOLED production line with a total investment of 550 billion yuan [13]. - Deep Tianma has completed the mass production of its new 8.6-generation display panel production line with a total investment of 330 billion yuan [14][15]. Group 2: Future Growth Potential - OLED technology is expected to dominate the small-size panel market, with an estimated shipment of 3.4 million OLED display panels in 2025, a 69% increase from 2024 [19]. - Mini LED backlight technology is projected to see significant growth in the TV market, with shipments expected to exceed 11.5 million units in 2025, accounting for 6% of the global TV market [19]. - Micro LED technology is still in its early stages, with an estimated market value of 27.9 million USD in 2024, expected to grow to 740 million USD by 2029 as technology advances [20]. - The electronic paper technology is anticipated to gain traction in various applications due to its unique advantages, such as low power consumption and lightweight design [19]. Group 3: Overall Industry Trends - Panel manufacturers are solidifying their LCD technology while investing heavily in OLED, Mini LED, Micro LED, and electronic paper technologies to enhance their competitive edge in the future display industry [21]. - The investment in OLED technology is the highest among panel manufacturers, followed by LCD, MLED, and electronic paper [21].