（原标题：英国助加纳加快清洁交通转型） 据《城市新闻室》1月26日报道，加纳被敦促加快交通运输部门的脱碳进程，以释放清洁能源效益，减 少排放，并加强其不断发展的汽车产业。 根据JET计划，清洁能源方面的进展不仅对加纳实现其到2030年将温室气体排放量减少15%的无条件目 标至关重要，而且对解决与交通排放相关的日益严重的公共卫生和经济成本也至关重要。 在谈到清洁能源转型时，英国驻阿克拉高级专员公署发展主任特里·萨奇强调了汽车行业在推动可持续 增长方面的作用。她表示："加纳的汽车行业有潜力成为清洁能源转型、工业增长和创造就业机会的强 大驱动力。这是我们与加纳在互利共赢的经济增长方面合作方针的一部分，我们将通过政策和投资加速 清洁交通发展，加强本地制造业，并提供包容性和可持续的经济机会。" 英国-加纳就业和经济转型（JET）于1月26日国际清洁能源日发出呼吁，称加纳已做好充分准备，利用 清洁能源推动工业竞争力，创造高质量就业机会，并巩固其作为西非领先汽车中心的雄心，这符合可持 续发展目标。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The failure of the Bogotá Metro Line 2 bidding may have indirect implications for the Line 3 project, potentially increasing technical and financing requirements, thereby raising project costs [1] Group 1: Impact on Line 3 - Experts suggest that if the restructuring of Line 2 does not resolve the previous bidding issues, Line 3 may face higher technical and financing demands [1] - Conversely, if Bogotá Metro Company successfully transforms Line 2 into a project that is attractive both technically and financially, it could enhance market confidence in Line 3 [1] Group 2: Government Considerations - Local government must balance various tasks such as land acquisition, pipeline relocation, environmental permits, and financing to avoid bottlenecks that could hinder the progress of Line 3 [1]

Group 1 - The number of internet and mobile banking users in Bosnia has exceeded 1.77 million, with digital transaction volume growing over 35% in the past two years, indicating increasing public acceptance and trust in online financial services [1] - There are 22 banks in Bosnia providing electronic banking services, covering a total of 1.77 million entities, including 136,100 legal entities and 1,634,100 natural persons [1] - The Central Bank of Bosnia views the development of online and mobile banking as a crucial part of modernizing the payment system and digitizing the financial sector, with plans to implement an instant payment system for faster and more efficient electronic transactions [1] Group 2 - A strategic focus for the Central Bank of Bosnia is to integrate Bosnia into the SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area), which involves aligning legislative frameworks with European standards and training relevant participants on SEPA rules [2] - Currently, 44% of payment instructions are initiated electronically, while 56% are still conducted physically, despite electronic transactions accounting for 55% of total transaction value [2] - The Central Bank will continue to drive the development of the digital financial ecosystem, focusing on enhancing payment infrastructure, aligning with European standards, and promoting financial and digital literacy [2]

Group 1 - The African Export-Import Bank warns that without rapid establishment of shared digital infrastructure to support cross-border payments, data exchange, and business connectivity, trade integration in Africa faces stagnation risks [1] - Digital infrastructure is positioned at the core of Africa's economic integration agenda, as the digital economy is fundamental to the operation of modern trade systems [1] - Challenges to African integration extend beyond tariffs and trade agreements, requiring a digital infrastructure that integrates trust frameworks, payment systems, data flows, and connectivity systems [1] Group 2 - The goal of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is to create a unified African market covering over 1.4 billion people, but its implementation is slowed by high currency exchange costs, limited trade financing channels, and weak digital interoperability [2] - The African Export-Import Bank is working to build a comprehensive platform across Africa to help businesses overcome cross-border limitations and achieve efficient cross-border transactions [2] - The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS) is a core foundation of Africa's emerging digital trade architecture, enabling real-time cross-border payments in local currencies, reducing reliance on correspondent banking networks, and minimizing the impact of external currency fluctuations [2]

Core Insights - Bosnia and Herzegovina's foreign exchange reserves reached 18.28 billion marks as of November 2025, remaining stable month-on-month and increasing by 1.08 billion marks year-on-year, reflecting a growth rate of 6.3% [1] Group 1: Foreign Exchange Reserves - The total foreign exchange reserves stood at 18.28 billion marks as of November 2025, unchanged from the previous month [1] - Year-on-year, the reserves increased by 1.08 billion marks, marking a growth of 6.3% [1] Group 2: Domestic Loans - The total amount of loans across domestic sectors reached 28.3 billion marks, with a month-on-month increase of 284.5 million marks [1] - The breakdown of monthly loan growth includes: - Household loans increased by 10.15 million marks (0.7%) - Private sector loans rose by 16.7 million marks (1.5%) - Government loans grew by 2 million marks (1.5%) - Other domestic sectors increased by 2.3 million marks (0.6%) - Non-financial public enterprise loans decreased by 6.3 million marks (0.8%) [1] Group 3: Year-on-Year Loan Growth - The total loan amount saw a year-on-year increase of 10.7%, with a net addition of 2.73 billion marks [1] - Yearly increases in specific sectors include: - Household loans rose by 1.51 billion marks (11.8%) - Private sector loans increased by 871 million marks (8.2%) - Government loans grew by 90.3 million marks (7%) - Non-financial public enterprise loans surged by 16.16 million marks (28.1%) - Other domestic sectors saw an increase of 95 million marks (32.2%) [1]

Economic Performance - Bosnia's industrial output has declined for 13 consecutive quarters, a trend that began after the last elections and prior to the formation of a new national coalition [1] - The actual GDP growth rate has decreased from 0.7% to 0.5%, indicating a prolonged economic weakness [1] - The main growth drivers in the third quarter were trade, public administration, and sectors like healthcare, education, and information communication [1] Trade and Employment - Export growth has significantly slowed, with the third quarter's increase dropping to 1.4% from 2.4% and 3.5% in the first and second quarters, respectively [1] - Registered employment growth has continued to slow, with a slight year-on-year decline of 0.1% in the third quarter; manufacturing jobs fell by 1.6%, agriculture by 3.6%, and mining by approximately 1% [1] Wage Trends - Nominal wage growth accelerated to 14.6% year-on-year in the third quarter of 2025, but slowed to 13.7% in October [1] - After adjusting for inflation, real wages increased by 10.2% year-on-year in the third quarter, ranking among the highest in the region, primarily driven by wage increases in hospitality, trade, manufacturing, and construction sectors [1] Economic Accounts and Investment - The economic account deficit slightly improved, narrowing from 3.3% of GDP in the second quarter to 3.1% in the third quarter [2] - Foreign direct investment net inflows decreased to around 2% of GDP, covering about two-thirds of the current account deficit, with reinvested earnings being a significant component [2] Challenges and Outlook - Analysts attribute the continuous decline in industrial output to weak external demand, but internal issues are seen as the main cause, particularly the deteriorating operations of two major electricity companies [2] - The current economic situation is concerning as it coincides with a period that should ideally see post-pandemic recovery; rising labor costs, unpredictable tax policies, and political instability are driving labor outflow [2]

Core Viewpoint - The real estate prices in Sarajevo have experienced unprecedented growth over the past decade, with significant increases projected for the coming years [1] Price Trends - From 2016 to 2025, the average price of new homes per square meter rose from 1,900 marks to 4,269 marks, an increase of over 125% [1] - After a slight increase to 2,068 marks per square meter in 2020, the average price is expected to reach 3,500 marks per square meter in 2024 and 4,269 marks per square meter by the third quarter of 2025, marking a nearly 800 marks increase compared to the previous year [1] - If the current trend continues, the average price in Sarajevo could potentially reach 5,000 marks per square meter within the year [1] Market Dynamics - The surge in property prices is primarily driven by a significant number of new apartments being purchased by overseas expatriates, who often earn thousands of euros annually [1] - The rental market is less attractive to these buyers, as the monthly rent of 700-1,000 marks does not appeal to them, leading to many properties remaining vacant and only used for personal stays once or twice a year [1] - This situation has severely reduced the effective supply in the market, driving up prices for both sales and rentals [1] Cost Factors - Rising prices of building materials, increased labor costs, inflation, and soaring loan interest rates have collectively contributed to the cost basis for the rising property prices [1] Market Segmentation - The current market is characterized by a divide between high-end new projects catering to overseas buyers and the increasingly unaffordable housing reality for local residents [1]

Core Viewpoint - The coordinated protests by freight drivers from Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, and North Macedonia at the borders of Croatia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania highlight the significant threat posed by the Schengen Area's strict driver stay regulations to regional exports and supply chain stability [1] Group 1: Protest Details - The protests began at noon on January 26, blocking freight traffic while allowing passenger vehicles, buses, and trucks transporting essential goods to pass [1] - The immediate trigger for the protests was the implementation of the Schengen Area's "90/180 days" rule, which treats professional drivers from non-EU countries like regular tourists [1] Group 2: Industry Impact - The new entry-exit system (EES) accurately records the duration of stay, causing many drivers to fear penalties and preventing them from continuing operations in the EU [1] - Industry representatives warn that if the issue is not resolved, regional exports will face severe disruptions [1] - The protesters demand that the EU reclassify cross-border freight drivers as "cross-border workers" rather than tourists to ensure smooth logistics in the region [1]

波黑联邦劳工与社会政策部长阿德南.德利奇确认，儿童津贴将从190马克提高至195马克，家庭人均收 入门槛也将上调至约410.80马克。2026年最低工资定为1,027马克，虽低于工会及部分公众预期，但政府 正筹备通过财税改革为下半年工资显著增长创造空间。 法律修订后，退伍军人的养老金权益不仅未被削弱，反而得到进一步保障。退伍军人最低养老金将与普 通养老金同步调整，2026年亦预计达到约700马克。 波黑《萨拉热窝时报》1月25日报道。波黑联邦政府宣布，自2026年起将实施一系列社会福利与经济政 策改革，旨在提升居民实际收入水平，缓解通胀对家庭预算的压力。改革涵盖养老金、儿童津贴、最低 工资及劳动力市场等多个领域，其中养老金调整幅度显著。 根据新修订的《养老与伤残保险法》，养老金将采用全新的指数化计算方式，结合生活成本与平均工资 增长，并以更有利于退休人员的比例(工资增长占60%，消费价格增长占40%)进行调整。预计2026年1月 养老金将上调11.7%，7月再上调6%，全年累计增幅约17%。这意味着最低养老金将从目前的599马克提 高至700马克。 拟议的《交易征税法》旨在加强财政纪律、提高税收征缴效率，进而 ...

Group 1 - The Regulatory Agency for Communications (RAK) in Bosnia and Herzegovina has not established a legal timeline for shutting down 3G networks, nor does it have a clear strategy for introducing 5G networks [1][2] - RAK emphasizes that 3G services can only be terminated once sufficient 4G coverage is ensured, and the current telecommunications policy does not mandate a specific deadline for the closure of 3G services [1][4] - The transition from 3G to 4G is complex, requiring detailed planning from operators, and timely communication to users is crucial to ensure a smooth transition [1][4] Group 2 - The issuance of 5G licenses and the establishment of regulatory rules for 5G are not prioritized in Bosnia, as the focus remains on achieving 4G coverage requirements set for mid-2024 [2][3] - The draft policy for the electronic communications sector (2023-2027) anticipates the possibility of issuing licenses for 5G, but it has not yet been approved [2][3] - Neighboring countries like North Macedonia and Montenegro have made significant progress in 5G coverage, while Bosnia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine are still awaiting the introduction of 5G networks [2] Group 3 - RAK has identified three frequency bands available for new generation network licenses: 700MHz, 3.5GHz, and 26GHz, with a transition period for spectrum migration extending until the end of 2026 [3] - The preparation for licensing requires a detailed analysis to determine appropriate spectrum allocation methods, considering economic and market factors affecting 5G network implementation [3] - The passage of a new Electronic Communications Law is crucial for improving spectrum allocation and 5G deployment, aligning with the European Electronic Communications Code [3] Group 4 - Telecom operator Mtel is gradually shutting down 3G technology and migrating users to 4G, confirming that RAK has not mandated a closure timeline [4] - Mtel's 4G network currently covers 97.76% of the population and 97.30% of the roads in Bosnia, laying a foundation for successful migration from 3G to 4G [4] - The industry faces challenges such as unclear regulatory policies, the need for spectrum resource coordination, and delayed strategic planning, which contribute to uncertainty in the transition to 5G [4]