Core Insights - Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease globally, primarily driven by population aging, with no current cure or reliable early diagnostic strategies [2] - Recent research focuses on identifying reliable and specific early diagnostic biomarkers for PD, particularly through minimally invasive biological fluids [2][5] - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, containing proteins and lipids that have strong potential for early PD detection [2][5] Research Findings - A study published by a team from Southeast University and Nanjing University Medical School indicates that proteins and lipids derived from EVs have potential for early PD diagnosis and provide insights into treatment-related mechanisms [3][6] - The study utilized a proprietary method called EVlent to analyze the proteome and lipidome of plasma EVs across different life stages, identifying biomarkers that can predict the prodromal phase of PD and differentiate it from multiple system atrophy (MSA) [5][6] - Functional analysis revealed protein-lipid interactions related to PD pathophysiology, including the regulation of lipid-mediated APOE signaling [5][6] - A machine learning model integrating the identified EV proteins achieved robust classification across different age groups, highlighting the diagnostic potential of EV-derived molecules for early PD detection [5][6]

Core Insights - The ADAR (Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) family plays a crucial role in RNA editing, immune homeostasis, and neurological functions, with significant advancements in ADAR-mediated RNA editing technology in recent years [2] - Unlike CRISPR-based editing, ADAR-based RNA editing requires only the expression of endogenous deaminase ADAR in cells, avoiding delivery challenges and related immunogenicity issues, thus providing a safer option for precise RNA editing without altering genomic sequences [2] - ADAR-mediated RNA editing shows great potential in treating genetic diseases and cancers, with clinical trials approved for therapies targeting conditions like α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and Stargardt disease, as well as inhibiting tumor growth by precisely editing oncogenic mRNA [2] Group 1: ADAR Family and RNA Editing - The ADAR family is essential for catalyzing RNA A-to-I editing, which regulates RNA diversity and maintains immune and neurological functions [2] - ADAR-mediated RNA editing technology has rapidly developed, distinguishing itself from CRISPR-based methods by its safety and precision [2] Group 2: ADAR1 as a Drug Target - ADAR1 is closely associated with various diseases, including type I interferonopathies, cancers, and viral infections, making it an important drug target [3] - Development strategies for ADAR1 inhibitors include targeting its catalytic domain, regulating upstream and downstream signaling pathways, and employing PROTAC degradation technology, showing promise in cancer and autoimmune disease treatments [3] Group 3: Upcoming Webinar - A webinar titled "Decoding ADAR: From RNA Editing, Innovative Inhibitor Development Strategies to SignalChem Screening Services" is scheduled for November 20, featuring experts from the industry [4][8] - Judy Zhu, a senior product manager, will discuss the role of ADAR-mediated RNA editing in cancer treatment and the significance of ADAR1 as a drug target [3][10] - Eric Yao, a senior scientist, will present on the development and screening strategies for ADAR1-targeted inhibitors, highlighting SignalChem's services in supporting research and drug development [3][9]

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant research study on sweet corn, revealing the genetic basis of flavor complexity and challenging the traditional breeding notion that "sweet equals tasty" [2][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team assembled a genome for cultivated sweet corn and resequenced 295 different sweet corn inbred lines, identifying new genes related to flavor and consumer preferences, such as ZmAPS1, ZmSK1, and ZmCRR5 [5]. - Important flavor metabolites were highlighted, including sugars, acids, and volatiles, providing valuable knowledge for future genetic breeding of sweet corn flavor [5]. Group 2: Implications for Breeding - The study proposes a new direction for breeding focused on "flavor design," aiming to cultivate sweet corn varieties that are both high-yielding and delicious, thus upgrading the sweet corn industry towards higher quality and efficiency [2][5].

Core Viewpoint - Ferroptosis is emerging as a promising anti-tumor therapy driven by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, leading to lipid peroxidation and cell death, while also releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that enhance T cell activation [1][4]. Summary by Sections Ferroptosis Mechanism and Challenges - Ferroptosis induces cell death through increased intracellular iron, reduced glutathione synthesis, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, the upregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells can inhibit cytotoxic T cell recognition, leading to immune suppression [1][5]. Research Development - A team from Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and Shenzhen University developed a fluorinated prodrug-engineered nano-remodeler that combines a PD-L1 inhibitor (JQ1) and a ferroptosis inducer (sorafenib) to enhance oxygen supply in hypoxic tumors, significantly improving the efficacy of ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunogenicity [2][6]. Nano-remodeler Characteristics - The engineered nano-remodeler (FJSO NA) has high oxygen solubility and releases oxygen in low-pressure environments, alleviating hypoxia in solid tumors, downregulating PD-L1 expression, and enhancing ferroptosis induction and anti-tumor immune responses [6][8]. Efficacy and Safety - The study demonstrated that the nano-remodeler effectively inhibited tumor growth in various models without significant toxicity, indicating a promising direction for enhancing ferroptosis-based immunotherapy by addressing the hypoxic tumor microenvironment [8].

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 基于团队在核纤层病研究 研究领域 的多年积累，近日，中国科学院动物研究所 曲静 课题组、 刘光慧 课 题组与中国科学院北京基因组研究所 张维绮 课题组合作，在 Cell Reports 期刊 发表了题为： Nuclear- lamin-guided plastic positioning and folding of the human genome 的研究论文。 人类基因组总长度近 2 米，却能在直径仅约 10 微米的细胞核内高度有序地折叠，其压缩尺度相当于将珠 穆朗玛峰高度的复杂模型装入一枚乒乓球中，这是生命科学中最令人惊叹的现象之一。 基因组的有序性体 现在多层次的三维构象上，包括大尺度的染色体疆域和 A/B 区室，以及更小尺度的 拓扑相关结构域 （ topologically associating domains, TADs） 和染色质环 （ chromatin loops） 。单个染色体及其结构域 在核内的偏好性定位也遵循特定的空间规律：转录抑制的异染色质通常富集于核 周 ，而转录活跃的常染色 质则倾向定位 于 核内。与之相呼应的是，负责转录激活和 RNA 加工的核斑 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 乳腺癌 是全球女性癌症相关死亡的首要原因。而 孕酮 是一种能促使 乳腺癌 发展的激素， 它能够促进一种乳腺细胞 （ 乳腺腔面祖细胞 ） 的增殖，这种细胞被 认为是 三阴性乳腺癌 的起源细胞。孕酮还能影响乳腺内部环境，使这些健康细胞更容易转变为癌细胞。 因此，阻断孕酮的这些作用，可能是预防乳腺癌发生的一种新途径。 2025 年 11 月 5 日，曼彻斯特大学的研究人员在 Nature 期刊发表了题为： Anti-progestin therapy targets hallmarks of breast cancer risk 的研究论文。 该研究为基于生物学的早期癌症预防治疗试验提供了模板，证明了避孕药 醋酸乌利司他 阻断 孕激素受体 ，通过重塑细胞外基质和抑制乳腺管腔祖细胞 ， 预防 绝经前乳腺癌 。 醋酸乌利司他 （ Ulipristal Acetate，UA ） 是一种选择性孕酮受体调节剂，主要用于紧急避孕，其通过抑制孕激素活性，实现避孕效果。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队发现，服用 醋酸乌利司他 （ Ulipristal Acetate，UA ） ，有助于抑制可能癌 ...

Core Findings - The study identifies a crucial subpopulation of injury-induced Clusterin⁺ (Clu⁺) cardiomyocytes that play a key regulatory role in cardiac regeneration in young mammals [3][5] - Clu⁺ cardiomyocytes reprogram macrophages to coordinate repair and anti-inflammatory activities, which is essential for heart regeneration [4][7] - The research reveals that the CLU-TLR4 signaling pathway reprograms macrophages into an anti-inflammatory and repair state, while the CLU-BMP2 signaling axis promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and restores regenerative capacity in adult hearts [5][7] Mechanisms of Action - After cardiac injury, Clu⁺ cardiomyocytes appear in the marginal areas of the regenerating heart, while they are scarce in non-regenerative contexts [4] - Macrophages secrete CLU, which binds to TLR4 on macrophages, reducing inflammation and promoting repair through Cpt1a-dependent fatty acid oxidation [4] - The study finds that decreased CLU levels in patients with myocardial infarction correlate with impaired cardiac function, while overexpression of CLU or transplantation of engineered Clu⁺ human cardiac organoids enhances myocardial repair in adult mice [4][5] Implications for Future Research - This research provides a new theoretical and technical pathway for cardiac regeneration post-myocardial infarction, highlighting the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting the Clu⁺ cardiomyocyte and macrophage interaction [3][7]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of MedMPT, a vision-language pretrained transformer model specifically designed for clinical applications in respiratory diseases, highlighting its unique capabilities and advantages in processing multimodal medical data [2][4][6]. Group 1: Model Development - MedMPT is trained on 154,274 pairs of chest CT images and radiology reports, making it a robust tool for clinical healthcare [4]. - The model utilizes self-supervised learning to extract medical insights from multimodal clinical data, including CT images, radiology reports, demographic information, laboratory tests, and drug relationships [6]. Group 2: Performance and Efficiency - MedMPT outperforms state-of-the-art multimodal pretrained models, achieving significant improvements across various clinical tasks [6]. - The model demonstrates data and parameter efficiency while providing interpretable insights for decision-making in clinical workflows [6]. Group 3: Clinical Application and Collaboration - MedMPT is capable of generating personalized medication recommendations based on multimodal information, enhancing the quality of patient care [10]. - Human expert evaluations indicate that MedMPT is applicable in real-world settings, suggesting that human-AI collaboration can improve clinical workflows and ensure high-quality patient care [16].

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 用于改善 钙钛矿薄膜 的添加剂所导致的离子分布不均，是这类材料制成的 太阳能电池 面临的一个重大问 题。 2025 年 11 月 6 日，中国科学院半导体研究所 游经碧 研究员团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了 题为： Homogenized chlorine distribution for >27% power conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells 的研究论文。 该研究提出了 一种均匀垂直氯分布策略 ，通过向钙钛矿前驱体中引入碱金属草酸盐 （例如苯二甲酸氢 钾） ， 有效解决了钙钛矿薄膜中卤素分布的空间异质性问题， 基于此优化的钙钛矿太阳能电池 实现了高 达 27.2% 的 认证稳态功能转换效率 。 钙钛矿薄膜中卤素 （例如氯元素） 分布的空间异质性，是目前限制太阳能电池功率转换效率和稳定性的关 键因素。 在这项研究中，研究团队发现，在使用常用添加剂甲基氯化铵 （MACl） 的甲脒碘化铅 （FAPbI₃） 薄膜 中，氯元素存在显著的跨膜分布不均匀现象。研究表明，引入碱金属草酸盐可有效均质化氯的分布：这些 化 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the upcoming conference titled "Stem Cell Biology: From Embryogenesis to Aging and Therapy," organized by Westlake Laboratory and Westlake University, scheduled for November 19-21, 2025, in Hangzhou, China [1][5]. Conference Details - The conference will focus on the role of stem cells in various biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and potential therapeutic applications for diseases such as neurodegeneration and organ failure [1]. - Registration for the conference is now open globally, with an extension for poster submissions due to high interest [1]. Academic Committee and Speakers - The academic committee includes prominent figures such as Yu Hongtao, Pei Duanqing, and several distinguished researchers from various institutions [2][4]. - The event will feature keynote speakers from renowned universities, including Linda Partridge from University College London and Toshiro Sato from Keio University, among others [7][10]. Program Structure - The conference will consist of multiple sessions covering topics such as embryogenesis, aging, and stem cell therapy, with a detailed agenda planned for each day [33][35]. - There will be opportunities for poster presentations and a "Meet the Editors" session to facilitate networking and academic collaboration [38]. Registration Fees - The registration fees vary based on the timing and category of participants, with specific rates for students, external registrants, and corporate representatives [41].