文/高歌 有关此次"十五五"规划建议提出的出台城乡居民增收计划，杨伟民认为，这一计划会提出更多可操作、 可检查的指标和有力度的政策，实实在在地增加全体居民特别是低收入群体的收入，如此从消费到经济 增长才能更好地循环起来。 有关经济增长增速，经济增长保持在合理区间的标志是到2035年人均GDP达到中等发达国家水平。 《党的二十届四中全会〈建议〉学习辅导百问》对经济增速进行解读，其中提到，2025年到2035年，经 济增长需要年均增长4.17%。 "考虑到基数越大增速递减，我认为'十五五'时期如果增速是4.5%，那么'十六五'时期则为4%，以此十 年平均，大体上为4.2%。"杨伟民表示："不仅实际增长，名义增长也要保持在4.5%以上。" 之所以强调名义增长，是因为自2023年以来，中国的名义增长都是低于实际增长的，即GDP平减指数为 负。 杨伟民说，所带来的问题是，城镇居民收入、企业利润、财政收入这三个指标的增长都低于经济增长， 并进一步助推了内需不足的情况，强化了供强需弱的矛盾，供强需弱和GDP平减指数为负是相互关联 的。过去中国宏观调控不用考虑名义增长问题，主要任务是防止物价上涨，但"十五五"时期，特别 是" ...

文 / 高歌 有关此次"十五五"规划建议提出 的 出台城乡居民增收计划，杨伟民认为，这一计划会提出更多可操 作、可检查的指标和有力度的政策，实实在在地增加全体 居民 特别是低收入群体的 收入 ，如此从 消费到 经济增长 才能更好地循环起来。 有关经济增长增速，经济增长保持在合理区间的标志是到2035年人均GDP达到中等发达国家水平。 《党的二十届四中全会〈建议〉学习辅导百问》对经济增速进行解读，其中提到，2025年到2035 年，经济增长需要年均增长4.17%。 "考虑到基数越大增速递减，我认为'十五五'时期如果增速是4.5%，那么'十六五' 时期则为 4%，以 此十年平均，大体上为4.2%。"杨伟民表示 ：" 不仅 实际增长，名义增长也要保持在4.5%以上。 " 之所以强调名义增长，是因为自2023年以来，中国的名义增长都是低于实际增长的，即GDP平减指 数为负。 12月27日，第十三届全国政协经济委员会副主任杨伟民在中国财富管理50人论坛2025年会表 示，"十五五"时期化解供强需弱 矛盾的 症结在于分配，需在分配结构优化方面取得重大突破。 "供给结构是需求结构的函数，需求结构是收入结构的函数 。 国民收 ...

（本文作者付一夫为苏商银行高级研究员） 中央经济工作会议明确提出"制定实施城乡居民增收计划"，并将其作为坚持内需主导、建设强大国内市 场的核心抓手，标志着我国居民增收工作从原则性引导转向系统性、可操作性推进。 当前，我国居民收入增长与经济发展同步的"两个同步"目标基本实现，不过仍存在着不少挑战，而通过 推动居民增收来提振内需已是迫在眉睫。结合我国发展阶段特征、政策导向及发达国家成熟经验，预 计"城乡居民增收计划"或将围绕就业支撑、收入渠道拓宽、城乡均衡赋能、分配机制优化、政策协同保 障五大维度精准发力，推动形成橄榄型分配格局，继而为经济高质量发展注入持久动力。 一、筑牢就业根基：以高质量就业支撑工资性收入增长 就当前我国居民收入结构而言，工资性收入可谓绝对的大头，2024年居民工资性收入占居民可支配收入 比重达56.5%。从这个角度看，提高工资性收入无疑是城乡居民增收的核心支柱，而千方百计扩大就业 则是提高工资性收入的根本保障。后续增收计划有必要将稳定和扩大高质量就业放在首要位置，聚焦重 点群体与结构性矛盾，构建全方位就业支撑体系。 在重点群体就业保障方面，可以进一步实施高校毕业生、农民工、大龄劳动者等群体的 ...

"十五五"规划建议提出"实施城乡居民增收计划""推动形成橄榄型分配格局"等部署，释放出加大保障和改善民生力度、扎实推进全体人民 共同富裕的积极信号。 12月13日，居民在陇南市武都区"冬至大集"上选购特色农产品（无人机照片）。新华社记者 郎兵兵 摄 中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。进入新发展阶段，如何让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，尤为关键。 这是位于嘉兴海盐的嘉兴市青莲养殖科技有限公司黑猪养殖牧场（2025年11月18日摄，无人机照片）。新华社记者 徐昱 摄 通过促进居民增收、调节居民收入，推动形成橄榄型分配格局，可进一步增进民生福祉、促进公平正义，更好保障人民共享发展成果，更 好满足人民对美好生活的向往。 11月12日，求职者在招聘会上寻找心仪的工作岗位。新华社记者 韩传号 摄 编导：房宽、鲍佳艺 综合新华社记者报道 新华社音视频部制作 【纠错】 【责任编辑:王頔】 ...

0:00 10月28日发布的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，提出"实施城乡居民增收计划""推动形成橄榄型分配格 局"等部署，释放出加大保障和改善民生力度、扎实推进全体人民共同富裕的积极信号。 "十四五"时期，民生福祉持续改善，共同富裕一步一个脚印向前推进。 面向"十五五"，《建议》进一步提出，有效增加低收入群体收入，稳步扩大中等收入群体规模，合理调节过高收入，取缔非法收入，推动形成 橄榄型分配格局。 橄榄型分配结构，表现为"中间大、两头小"，在这种分配结构中，中等收入群体占比最多，低收入和高收入群体均占少数。有研究表明，橄榄 型分配格局是现代社会比较健康合理的分配格局。 责编：秦雅楠、姚凯红 ...

策划：邹伟 主编：赵晓辉、许晟 记者：刘慧、申铖 拍摄：郝晓江、秦彦娟 制作：贾稀荃 新华社国内部出品 【纠错】 【责任编辑:刘阳】 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the proposal to promote an "olive-shaped" distribution pattern, characterized by a large middle-income group and smaller low- and high-income groups, as part of the "15th Five-Year Plan" [3][4]. Group 1: Olive-Shaped Distribution Pattern - The "olive-shaped" distribution pattern aims to have a substantial middle-income group as the main body of income distribution [3]. - This distribution model requires effective initial distribution mechanisms to incentivize hard work, skill development, and innovation, allowing more urban and rural residents to enter the middle-income bracket [4]. Group 2: Redistribution Mechanisms - The proposal emphasizes the importance of redistribution to ensure a fair adjustment of income disparities across urban-rural, regional, industry, and demographic lines [4]. - It suggests optimizing the tax structure, improving pension and healthcare systems, and enhancing social assistance and fiscal transfer payment systems to support this redistribution [4]. Group 3: Third Distribution and Social Responsibility - The article highlights the need for a third distribution mechanism that encourages high-income individuals and enterprises to give back to society, promoting the development of charity and public welfare [4]. - It calls for a supportive environment for wealth accumulation through hard work, innovation, and legality, while preventing unearned wealth accumulation [4].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need to implement a plan to increase income for low-income groups and expand the middle-income group, aiming to reduce income disparity and promote common prosperity [1][3] - The "olive-shaped distribution pattern" is proposed, which aims for a larger middle-income group and smaller low and high-income groups, reflecting a more equitable income distribution [6][7] - The article discusses the importance of human capital investment in increasing income for low-income groups, highlighting the significant impact of education on wage disparities [3][5] Group 2 - The article notes that consumer spending growth is closely tied to income increases, suggesting that long-term economic growth relies on raising residents' incomes rather than short-term stimulus measures [2][4] - Specific measures to increase income for low-income groups include enhancing human capital investment, providing more income-generating opportunities, and increasing transfer payments [3][5] - The article outlines strategies to stabilize the income of existing middle-income groups, focusing on reducing their financial burdens through increased public investment in education, healthcare, and social security [7][8]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need to implement a plan to increase income for urban and rural residents, effectively raising the income of low-income groups and steadily expanding the middle-income group, while reasonably adjusting excessive incomes and eliminating illegal incomes to promote an olive-shaped distribution pattern [1][7] - The article highlights that the current focus for driving economic growth should be on addressing consumer demand, with long-term consumption growth relying on income increases rather than short-term stimulus policies [2][3] - It is noted that effective measures to increase low-income group income include investing in human capital, providing more income-generating opportunities, and enhancing transfer payments to low-income individuals [3][6] Group 2 - The article discusses the importance of investing in education and human capital for low-income groups, suggesting that early investment in children's development yields the highest social returns [4][5] - It emphasizes the need for policies that stabilize the income growth of the existing middle-income group and identify potential middle-income individuals, particularly focusing on migrant workers as a key source for future middle-income growth [8][7] - The article suggests that expanding the middle-income group relies on industrial upgrades and increasing human capital investment to create more high-wage job opportunities [8][7]

Core Points - The expansion of the middle-income group is a crucial aspect of promoting common prosperity in China, as emphasized by President Xi Jinping [1][2][3] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" highlights the optimization of income distribution and the continuous growth of the middle-income group as key economic and social development goals [1][9] - The middle-income group's size and its proportion of the total population reflect a country's economic strength and social conditions, making its expansion vital for national development and social progress [2][4] Group 1: Importance of Middle-Income Group - A larger middle-income group contributes to social stability and higher life satisfaction, as it typically consists of individuals with stable jobs and decent incomes [3][4] - Countries with a significant middle-income population tend to experience less social conflict and greater stability, making the expansion of this group a priority for maintaining social order [3][4] Group 2: Achievements and Challenges - China has over 400 million middle-income individuals, a result of sustained economic growth and improved income distribution mechanisms [5][7] - The goal of increasing the middle-income group to over 800 million in the next 15 years presents significant challenges, particularly in rural areas where income levels remain low [8][10] Group 3: Policy Measures - The government aims to implement various policies to support the growth of the middle-income group, including improving public services, enhancing employment opportunities, and ensuring equitable access to resources [11][12] - Emphasis is placed on the importance of education and training to enhance human capital, which is essential for increasing income levels and expanding the middle-income group [13][14] Group 4: Role of Private Sector - The healthy development of the private economy is crucial for job creation and income enhancement, which in turn supports the expansion of the middle-income group [14] - Policies will be enacted to create a stable and fair environment for private enterprises, ensuring their contribution to economic growth and the increase of the middle-income population [14]