Economic Overview - China's economy shows stable growth despite complex external conditions, with a notable increase in domestic demand and diversified external markets. In the first four months, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 16.2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%, and online retail sales of physical goods grew by 5.8% [2] - Fixed asset investment continues to expand, with manufacturing investment growing rapidly. In April, the total import and export volume increased by 5.6% year-on-year, with exports growing by 9.3% [2] - High-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing sectors are experiencing significant growth, with server production nearly doubling and industrial robot production increasing by 51.5% in April [2] Policy Measures - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) plans to implement various measures to stabilize employment and promote high-quality economic development, with most policies expected to be in place by the end of June [2] - The NDRC is focusing on "hard investment" and "soft construction" for major projects, with over 700 billion yuan in special bonds allocated for 2024 and nearly 500 billion yuan for 2025 to support significant infrastructure projects [3] Foreign Investment - The NDRC aims to enhance foreign investment confidence through four key strategies: revising the encouraged foreign investment industry catalog, developing policies to support reinvestment by foreign enterprises, facilitating major foreign investment projects, and conducting special actions to assist foreign enterprises [4][5] - The revised catalog will include high-end manufacturing and digital economy sectors, reflecting the interests of various stakeholders [4] Business Environment Improvement - The NDRC is committed to improving the business environment to boost social confidence and market vitality. This includes streamlining market access, enhancing financing support for small and micro enterprises, and addressing overdue payments to businesses [6] - The implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law is a priority, with efforts focused on legal education, policy support, and addressing concerns of private enterprises [6]

5月20日，国家发改委召开5月新闻发布会。会上，国家发改委新闻发言人李超表示，民营经济促进法今日起正式施行，这是社会主义 市场经济建设的标志性事件，在我国民营经济发展历程中具有里程碑意义。 他同时表示，整治内卷式竞争是大家都非常关注的一件事，当前中国经济正处于新旧动能转换时期，新产业、新业态和新模式不断涌 现。当前传统产业正在加快转型升级，这个过程中部分行业出现结构性问题，突破了市场竞争边界和底线，扭曲了市场机制，扰乱了 公平竞争秩序，必须加以整治。 53项配套举措陆续出台 作为中国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，民营经济促进法首次将"毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支 持、引导非公有制经济发展"写入其中，以立法形式确立了民营经济的法律主体地位。 四方面发力整治内卷式竞争 "内卷式"竞争目前已成为提振民营企业信心途中的一只"拦路虎"。企业之间为了争夺有限的市场资源，不断加大投入、压低价格，陷 入低水平重复建设和价格战，导致企业效益下滑，创新能力受限。长此以往，不仅不利于增强民营企业信心，还会对民营经济长期健 康发展的生态环境造成负面影响。 李超表示，当前，中国经济正处在新旧动能转换期，新产 ...

目前，我国民营经济高质量发展加快推进。2025年1—4月份，扣除房地产开发投资，民间投资增长5.8%，民营企业进出口增长6.8%，占进出 口总额的比重为56.9%。4月份，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.1%，其中，私营企业增长6.7%。 加快完善配套制度建立 促进民营经济发展 为保障民营经济促进法更好地实施，国家发展改革委相关负责人表示，将全力推动法律落地见效，促进民营经济高质量发展，将加快完善配套 制度的建立。 央视网消息：《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》5月20日起开始正式实施。国家发展改革委相关负责人介绍，将会同有关部门全力推动法律 落地见效，重点在五个方面下更大功夫。 五方面具体是：着力破除平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争的障碍，着力解决拖欠账款问题，着力依法保护合法权益，着力落实纾困政 策，着力加强政企沟通，不断完善制度机制。帮助民营企业学好用好这部法律，更好地拓展发展空间，提高企业核心竞争力。 国家发展改革委民营经济发展局副局长刘民介绍，国家发展改革委将会同各部门各地方扎实推动法律宣传实施。在法律实施过程中，将注重听 取意见建议，不断完善制度机制，努力营造促进民营经济健康发展的良好法治环境。 ...

国家发改委：进一步完善促进民营经济发展的制度机制 对本地区法规、规章、规范性文件和其他政策 性文件等进行清理 智通财经5月20日电，国家发展改革委办公厅发布关于学习宣传和贯彻实施《中华人民共和国民营经济 促进法》的通知，要以《民营经济促进法》贯彻实施为契机，进一步提高工作水平，强化工作举措，确 保在法治轨道上促进民营经济发展壮大。一是建立健全工作机制。落实法律有关规定，建立健全促进民 营经济发展工作协调机制，统筹推动工作落实。二是加快完善配套制度。对照法律规定，做好"立改废 释"。一方面，结合自身实际，进一步完善促进民营经济发展的制度机制。另一方面，对本地区法规、 规章、规范性文件和其他政策性文件等进行清理，与法律规定不一致的，要及时修改或废止。三是全面 实施法律规定。增强法治意识，履行法定职责，严格按照法定职权和程序开展工作，保证各种所有制经 济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护，积极协调解决民营经济发展中的重 大问题，依法维护民营企业和民营企业家合法权益，确保将《民营经济促进法》各项制度规定落到实 处。 ...

Group 1: Implementation of Policies for Private Economy - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has officially implemented the Private Economy Promotion Law, marking a significant milestone in the development of the private economy in China [1] - NDRC has planned 53 policy measures across 7 areas to support the law's implementation, including actions to improve the social credit system and eliminate market access barriers [1] - NDRC aims to address concerns of private enterprises by utilizing new local government special bonds and enhancing transparency in enterprise-related fees [1] Group 2: Employment and Economic Stability - NDRC is accelerating the rollout of employment stabilization and economic growth policies, with most measures expected to be implemented by the end of June [2] - The commission emphasizes the need for ongoing policy research and reserves to ensure timely responses to economic needs [2] Group 3: Infrastructure and Urban Development - NDRC plans to finalize the list of this year's "two heavy" construction projects by the end of June, focusing on high standards for implementation [3] - A special central budget for urban renewal projects will be established, supporting various infrastructure improvements, including the renovation of old residential areas [8] Group 4: Foreign Investment Encouragement - The revised foreign investment encouragement directory will prominently feature high-end manufacturing and digital economy sectors, reflecting the government's focus on these areas [4] Group 5: Addressing Market Competition Issues - NDRC acknowledges that "involution" in competition distorts market mechanisms and disrupts fair competition, necessitating corrective measures [5] - The commission proposes targeted strategies to address structural contradictions in key industries, promoting innovation and optimizing industrial layouts [7] Group 6: Credit and Contract Enforcement - NDRC is working to enhance the government’s integrity in contract enforcement and improve standards for recognizing government debt and penalties for dishonesty [10][11] - The commission aims to streamline the credit repair process and ensure timely removal from dishonesty lists for compliant entities [11] Group 7: Low-altitude Economy Development - NDRC is focused on safely expanding low-altitude economic applications while addressing safety risks associated with low-altitude flying [12][13] - The commission emphasizes the importance of regulatory compliance and safety governance in the development of low-altitude tourism and related activities [12] Group 8: Equipment Renewal and Consumer Support - NDRC plans to expedite the funding for consumer goods replacement programs and implement loan interest subsidies for equipment updates to reduce financing costs for businesses [14][15]

央视网消息：《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》5月20日施行。作为第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，其制定出台是社会主 义市场经济建设的标志性事件，在我国民营经济发展历程中具有里程碑意义。这部法律既是促进法也是保障法，积极回应民营企业关切。那 么，这部法律的突破和创新在哪里？它的实施将会对民营经济发展起到什么样的支撑作用？ 创多个"第一次" 明确民营经济法律地位 新时代以来，我国不断出台鼓励民营经济发展的政策举措，推动民营企业从小到大、从弱到强，敢闯敢拼，向新而行，截至2025年1月 底，全国登记在册民营企业数量已有5670.7万户。 作为我国第一部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律，民营经济促进法创下多个"第一次"——第一次将坚持"两个毫不动摇"写入法律，第 一次明确民营经济的法律地位，第一次在法律中规定"促进民营经济持续、健康、高质量发展是国家长期坚持的重大方针政策。"充分彰显了党 中央促进民营经济发展壮大的坚定决心，进一步向社会表明了发展民营经济是党和国家一以贯之并将长期坚持的方针政策。 国家发展改革委经济研究所副所长 吴萨：这次民营经济促进法出台，对于促进民营经济发展是一个里程碑意义的作用。它首次把 ...

5月20日，国家发改委召开5月份新闻发布会。会上，委新闻发言人李超表示，民营经济促进法今日起正 式施行，这是社会主义市场经济建设的标志性事件，在我国民营经济发展历程中具有里程碑意义。国家 发改委将从三方面推动法律实施工作：一是全面开展法律宣传活动，二是加快推动配套政策措施落地见 效，三是会同有关部门和地方，切实推动解决民营企业关心和关切问题。其中，在制定配套政策方面， 国家发改委会同有关部门系统谋划了7个方面53项政策举措。目前相关政策举措已陆续出台实施。例 如，关于健全社会信用体系意见、市场准入壁垒清理整治行动等。后续国家发改委还将建立细化台账， 逐项推动相关政策举措出台和实施。在解决民企关心的问题方面，则要用好新增地方政府专项债等相关 政策，强化失信惩戒，加快构建民营企业账款清欠进度；推动涉企执法专项行动，坚决防止违规异地执 法和趋利性执法，实施好涉企收费长效监管机制，提高涉企收费透明度。(人民财讯) ...

与此同时，长期以来，限制民营企业科技创新的隐形壁垒也客观存在：参与国家重大科技项目、政 府采购等公共资源交易受限，没有足够渠道申请使用国家重大科研基础设施等科研设备，知识产权受到 侵害后维权成本高……种种因素叠加，影响了民企创新活力，制约了民企发展空间。 民营经济促进法的施行，有针对性地回应了民企的迫切期盼和需求。比如，在公平竞争方面，明确 支持民营经济组织参与国家科技攻关项目，支持有能力的民营经济组织牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任 务；在资源使用方面，支持公共研究开发平台等开放共享，为民营经济组织技术创新平等提供服务；在 成果转化方面，鼓励各类单位与民营经济组织创新合作机制，推动产学研深度融合；在权益保护方面， 实施知识产权侵权惩罚性赔偿制度，为民营经济组织提供多元化的维权服务，等等。 显而易见，对民企特别是科技型民企来说，这些法律条文是充满温度和关怀的。该法的制定实施， 表明了党中央一以贯之鼓励支持民营企业参与科技创新的鲜明立场，体现了党和国家致力于创造公平市 场环境、打破竞争隐形壁垒的坚定决心，彰显了国家依法保护民营企业合法权益的积极态度。该法从多 维度、多层面出发，把实践中成熟的经验做法和制度规范上升为法 ...

Group 1 - The "Private Economy Promotion Law" effective from May 20 aims to enhance the development of private enterprises by safeguarding their rights and encouraging investment and innovation [1][2] - The law is expected to create a stable and predictable macroeconomic environment, which is crucial for private enterprises to make informed decisions [2] - The government is encouraged to implement the law effectively and improve the expectations of private enterprises through supportive measures and supervision [2][3] Group 2 - The changing dynamics of US-China trade relations present both challenges and opportunities for China, which can leverage internal and external cycles to boost domestic demand [3][5] - Private enterprises are seen as key players in expanding overseas markets, particularly through digital platforms, and should be supported in their international endeavors [3][4] - The Chinese government is taking steps to enhance financial support for service consumption and the aging population, with a focus on promoting service consumption upgrades [4][6] Group 3 - The global economic uncertainty is rising, but China's commitment to stabilizing employment, enterprises, and market expectations is expected to inject certainty into the global economy [5][6] - China's ongoing reforms and development efforts are increasingly contributing to global economic growth and stability [6]

编者按： 民营经济是推进中国式现代化的生力军，也是高质量发展的重要基础。今日，《中华人民共和国民营经 济促进法》（以下简称"民营经济促进法"）正式实施，以法治力量构筑起民营经济发展的"四梁八柱"。 本期《理论周刊》特邀权威专家及民营企业家代表，共同解读这部具有里程碑意义的法律文本。 民营经济促进法立法时间 2024年2月 立法启动：司法部、国家发展改革委等成立工作专班，起草草案。 2024年10月 首次公开征求意见：草案发布并征集社会意见。 2024年12月 国务院将草案提请全国人大常委会审议。 全国人大常委会首次审议草案。 2025年2月 草案二审稿新增禁止违法罚款、摊派等条款。 2025年4月 全国人大常委会三审通过民营经济促进法。 2025年5月20日 法律正式施行。 早在1992年，党的十四大就确立了"社会主义市场经济体制"，赋予了民营经济意识形态的合法性和合理 性。之后，国家在宪法和法律层面一直在努力保障民营企业的合法权益。不过，不可否认，民营企业在 发展上仍然面临着各种隐性壁垒，也影响了民营企业家的发展信心。民营经济促进法的出台意味着国家 将以法律手段来保护广大民营企业家群体，促进民营经济发展。 ...