近年来，我国系统实施极度濒危野生动物和极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程，通过就地保护、迁地保 护、人工繁育培植、放归或回归自然等多种措施，有效增强了生态系统的服务功能，亚洲象、雪豹、东 北虎、海南长臂猿、黔金丝猴、藏羚、莽山烙铁头蛇、苏铁、兰科植物等300多种珍稀濒危野生动植物 野外种群数量稳中有升。 生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础。我们的衣、食、住、行及精神文化生活的许多方面都与 生物多样性密切相关。 今年5·22国际生物多样性日宣传活动在黑龙江省伊春市举办，将通过多种形式深入宣传习近平生态文明 思想，全面推进美丽中国建设，推动实现"昆蒙框架"目标和落实生物多样性保护重大工程，展示生态文 明建设成就和"中国林都"伊春的生态魅力，指导地方提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性，推进生物 多样性保护主流化，共建地球生命共同体。 中国经济网北京5月22日讯(记者 杨秀峰 李冬阳)生物多样性是地球生命系统的基石，也是城市可持续发 展的绿色基因，今年国际生物多样性日的主题是"万物共生 和美永续"，呼吁以人与自然和谐共生之 道，创和美永续之路，进而推进全球生物多样性保护治理新进程。 "十四五"以来，我国以旗舰物种拯救 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of biodiversity and the urgent need for its protection, highlighting the interconnectedness of human fate and the survival of diverse species on Earth [2][7]. Group 1: Evolution of Life's Colors - The early Earth was predominantly brown, gray, and green, but has evolved into a vibrant world filled with colors due to various evolutionary processes [2][5]. - The evolution of vision played a crucial role in this color explosion, with the development of trichromatic vision around 541 million years ago coinciding with the Cambrian explosion, allowing organisms to better navigate their environments [4][5]. Group 2: Color Revolution in Flora and Fauna - The first color revolution was led by plants, which evolved colorful fruits and flowers approximately 300 to 377 million years ago to attract animals for seed dispersal and pollination [5][6]. - Animal color evolution began around 140 million years ago, with bright colors serving as survival signals for mating, deterring predators, or establishing dominance [5][6]. Group 3: Genetic Diversity and Endangered Species - The loss of genetic diversity is accelerating globally, particularly among birds and mammals, due to habitat destruction, disease, and human activities [10][11]. - A study involving 57 scientists from 20 countries assessed genetic diversity changes in 622 species over 30 years, revealing alarming trends but also highlighting the potential for effective conservation strategies [10][11]. Group 4: Strategies for Conservation - Five key strategies to maintain or restore genetic diversity in endangered species include: 1. **Population Supplementation**: Introducing new individuals to existing populations has shown significant positive effects on genetic diversity, especially in birds [11]. 2. **Population Control**: Removing individuals can sometimes enhance population health by reducing resource competition [12]. 3. **Ecosystem Restoration**: Restoring habitats can help maintain and even increase genetic diversity over time [13]. 4. **Control of Invasive Species**: Managing invasive species can aid in the recovery of endangered populations by reducing competition [14]. 5. **Conservation Translocation**: Establishing populations in new areas or reintroducing them to former habitats can be effective if managed properly [15]. Group 5: Individual Actions for Biodiversity - Individuals can contribute to biodiversity conservation through simple actions such as creating diverse gardens, protecting traditional crop varieties, participating in community conservation efforts, and being responsible in nature [17][18].

编者按：你刷到过"最诗意岗位"的新闻吗？每年夏天，都会有几名志愿者登上浙江的无人岛，守护被称为"神话之鸟"的中华凤头燕鸥——不仅能保护濒 危动物，还能享受海岛美景。2024年夏天，志愿者徐博文从3000多名报名者中脱颖而出，当了两个月的"孤岛守鸟人"。 2003年，陈水华带领团队调查了舟山群岛1300多座岛屿，发现了燕鸥家族的其他成员，但没能找到中华凤头燕鸥。2004年8月1日，调查团队在宁波市象 山县韭山列岛一座名为将军帽的无人岛上，找到了混群在近4000只大凤头燕鸥中的15只中华凤头燕鸥。 这两种燕鸥，同是鸥科凤头燕鸥属的近亲，体型相似。它们外形上的区别在于，中华凤头燕鸥羽色更白，喙大部分是橙黄色，喙尖黑色，曾被称为黑嘴 端凤头燕鸥。 然而，2004年夏季的两场台风使燕鸥群繁殖失败并再次消失。直到2007年6月，8只中华凤头燕鸥才又回到了将军帽岛。象山韭山列岛国家级自然保护区 专门派了一艘船守在小岛边，但在护岛船补充物资的空当，有不法分子趁夜盗走了所有鸟蛋。台风、人为干扰，以及蛇、鼠、游隼等天敌捕食是导致燕鸥等 野生海鸟种群繁殖失败的主要威胁因素。天灾人祸接踵而来，中华凤头燕鸥种群日益凋零。 幸好，200 ...

2024年生物多样性调查成果揭晓 海南再发现一批新物种新记录 海南日报全媒体记者从活动现场获悉，去年省生态环境厅组织五指山市、琼中黎族苗族自治县、白沙黎 族自治县、昌江黎族自治县开展生物多样性本底调查与评估。调查团队由海南省环境科学研究院、中国环境 科学研究院、海南大学、海南师范大学、南开大学等五家单位的专家组成，调查范围覆盖了生态系统、维管 束植物、哺乳类动物、两栖与爬行类动物、鸟类、昆虫、淡水水生生物、大型真菌、近岸海域生物等多个领 域。 "此次调查与评估有助于明晰生物多样性'家底'，为生物多样性保护与政策制定提供支撑。"省生态环境 厅自然生态保护处处长洪滨表示，此次调查基本掌握了区域内物种组成、分布及生态系统现状，建立了4个市 县生物多样性基础数据库，成果将直接应用于濒危物种保护、外来入侵物种防控和栖息地修复。 据悉，今年5月22日是第25个国际生物多样性日，联合国《生物多样性公约》秘书处发布的主题为"万物 共生 和美永续"，倡导人与自然和谐共生，共创持续发展的美好未来。 省生态环境厅副厅长邸伟杰表示，近年来，我省不断完善生物多样性保护法规政策体系，建立以国家公 园为主体的自然保护地体系，实施《海南省生 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of a new species of gecko, named the "Natural Protected Area Gecko," in Hainan marks a significant contribution to biodiversity and the understanding of the evolution of the gecko family in China [1][2][4]. Group 1: Discovery Details - The new species was discovered by Hainan forestry workers during a scientific expedition in the Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park [2]. - The adult male Natural Protected Area Gecko measures approximately 16 centimeters in length and weighs around 9 grams, with females being slightly smaller [2]. - This species is characterized by its deep green color, smooth limbs, and webbed toes, and it has distinct morphological and genetic differences from known gecko species [2]. Group 2: Biodiversity and Conservation Impact - The discovery enriches the biodiversity of Hainan's tropical rainforest and enhances the understanding of the gecko family tree and evolutionary studies [4]. - It serves as evidence of the effectiveness of China's natural protected area system, primarily based on national parks [4].

同步进行的还有鱼类调查。"去年我们对阳澄湖重要水域进行过调查，鱼类很丰富，希望这次有新的惊 喜。"赵冬福说，春末夏初是调查浮游动物、底栖动物、水生植物、鱼类的好时期，此次鱼类调查自然 收获不少，短时间内就发现了多条昂刺鱼和鳜鱼。 午后的阳澄湖在阳光的映衬下波光粼粼，几只水鸟掠过湖面。约30分钟后，两艘双体船缓缓停靠在阳澄 湖退养水域。南京大学环规院的调查人员快速拿出工具，在船尾寻找目标。调查员赵冬福拿出索伯网和 采泥器，扣好绳索慢慢沉入水中，待触底"咬住"底泥再拉上来。"采泥之后还得用湖水冲洗几遍，才能 将含有生物的底泥放进采样袋里，拿回去检测，检测结束后还要做好样本分析和整理。"赵冬福向记者 说道。 不远处，调查员郑孙元正用水草耙打捞水生植物。很快，一株3米多长的穗状狐尾藻被他高高举起，晶 莹的水珠顺着墨绿色茎秆滚落。"这是沉水植物优势种，为吸收到阳光，它们能长到惊人的长度。"郑孙 元和助手对多株水生植物进行称重记录后，将样本放入袋中封存。郑孙元说，阳澄湖沉水植物的种类较 丰富，其中不乏我们耳熟能详的苦草、荇菜、金鱼藻、菹草等。这些沉水植物在水中形成了翠绿而幽静 的"水下森林"。 昨天(5月14日)下午，苏 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Daizhuang Biodiversity Research and Learning Base marks a significant step in promoting biodiversity conservation and ecological agriculture in the region, serving as a model for integrating agricultural resources with educational initiatives [1][2][3] Group 1: Biodiversity Research and Learning Base - The Daizhuang Biodiversity Research and Learning Base, located in Juyuan City, is the first of its kind in the province, completed with an investment of over 2 million yuan, and opened to the public [1] - The base features multiple functional areas, including a center for showcasing local agricultural products and a research classroom for hands-on learning about organic agricultural ecosystems [1][2] - The base is expected to attract around 5,000 visitors annually, supporting the integration of agriculture, rural resources, and cultural industries [2] Group 2: Ecological Agriculture Practices - Daizhuang Village has adopted ecological agriculture practices, such as using natural predators like mantises and frogs instead of pesticides, resulting in a significant increase in biodiversity, with 130 species found in organic rice fields compared to only 27 in conventional fields [2] - The village has been exploring biodiversity agriculture and organic planting for 15 years, with the research base serving as a platform to promote the benefits of biodiversity to a wider audience [3] - The local agricultural practices have led to improved soil quality and increased populations of beneficial insects and birds, creating a positive feedback loop that enhances vegetable quality [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report is that Beijing's ecological environment has shown steady improvement, with significant achievements in air quality, water quality, and biodiversity [1][3][6] - In 2024, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing was 30.5 micrograms per cubic meter, meeting the national air quality secondary standard for four consecutive years, with a record high of 290 good air quality days [1] - Major pollutants have seen a significant reduction, with PM2.5 concentration decreasing by 65.9% compared to 2013, and the number of heavily polluted days reduced to 2, the lowest on record [1] Group 2 - The water ecological environment in Beijing has improved, with over 70% of rivers reaching good quality levels, and the proportion of good water quality rivers increasing to 87.2%, up 15.9 percentage points year-on-year [3] - All five major river systems in Beijing have been restored to flowing rivers for four consecutive years, with a total length of 2551.6 kilometers monitored [3] - Beijing was recognized as a "Biodiversity Charming City," with an ecological environment quality index (EI) of 71.4, an increase of 0.85% year-on-year, and a green view rate of 26.98% in urban construction areas [6] Group 3 - The report also reviews the achievements in ecological civilization construction, carbon market trading, pollution prevention, and collaborative environmental governance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [10] - In 2025, Beijing will continue to focus on building a beautiful city, promoting carbon reduction, pollution reduction, and green expansion, while balancing high-quality development with high-level protection [10]

从颈椎骨折、生命垂危到第一次爬出巢箱、自主站立、行走扑跳、淘气"炫饭"……两个月来，在西 宁野生动物园社交平台官方账号中，众多网友持续"追更"雪豹"凌小蛰"的康复日志，密切关注其体况改 善。 3月5日，6月龄重伤雪豹幼崽在三江源腹地、青海省玉树藏族自治州治多县野外被巡护员发现，及 时送往青海野生动物救护繁育中心治疗。目前，这只名为"凌小蛰"的雪豹身体渐渐好转，它将何去何 从、能否放归等话题持续引发讨论。 齐新章说："一只雪豹的生存活动需要相当规模的食草动物、草场支撑，它的种群健康于整体高山 生态系统而言具有典型指示意义。" 3月15日，救助人员为雪豹"凌小蛰"治疗。 (西宁野生动物园供图) 在连新明看来，雪豹作为三江源生物链顶端掠食者，具备科学研究、自然教育、文化传播等多元价 值。 "以几年前救助的雪豹'凌蛰'为例，它放归时佩戴的卫星追踪项圈，可用于观测记录迁徙路线。"连 新明称，"我们看到，它的活动范围很大，涉及多地超1057公里，这可能就是未来雪豹避开人类干扰的 栖息廊道。收集这些信息作为打造廊道的基础，从而保证雪豹栖息地完整性，让破碎片区的种群得以联 结、交流。" "应该说，救助和保护行动其实都是以人类 ...

记者 陈玺撼 王海燕）沿着浦东滨江岸线走到杨浦大桥下，一座2000平方米的花园映入眼帘，惊喜不止于此，池塘边的梭鱼 草中，一只市区里不多见的黄翅蜻正翩翩起舞……这是上海"一江一河"滨水区域首座生境花园"生境东岸"，昨天正式建成开 放。 留基底 将"生境"与"花园"融合在一起——这种具有生物栖息环境功能的花园有5个特点：使用本土植物，杜绝外来入侵植物，丰富 植物群落，减少农药化肥的使用，为城市野生动物提供辅助的食物、水源或庇护所。 "城市的快速发展不断挤压自然精灵的生息空间，是这片自然基底的顽强，唤醒了我们的责任感。"东岸集团党委办公室副 主任鲍伶俐介绍。此前的生物多样性调查在这里发现了14种鸟类、4种蜻蜓、5种传粉昆虫和20余种植物。"闹市"中蕴藏的这片 生机令人震撼，让管理者重新审视公共空间的功能性。 追求"生境"功能，就不能大拆大建，要营造更适宜已有"住户"繁衍生息的环境。大自然保护协会（TNC）上海保护项目总 监俞霖琳告诉记者，这片空间原有的水杉全部被保留了下来，在原有600多平方米人工水体基础上，净化水质、补种各类适应湿 地环境的植物，形成了这座生境花园的雏形。 造"跳板" 城市令原本连通的生境被割裂 ...