Core Viewpoint - The research reveals the developmental control mechanism of the meningeal lymphatic system in the brain, highlighting the dynamic regulation by neural activity through specific glial cell subtypes, which provides new insights into the interaction between the nervous and immune systems [3][6][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies that neural activity regulates the expression of Vegfc in slc6a11b+ radial astrocytes, which in turn controls the development of mural lymphatic endothelial cells (muLEC) in the meninges [3][5]. - It demonstrates that slc6a11b+ radial astrocytes are the primary source of Vegfc, essential for muLEC development, and that this process is modulated by neural activity [7][9]. - The collaboration between slc6a11b+ radial astrocytes and ccbe1+ fibroblasts ensures that muLEC is restricted to the brain surface, preventing invasion into the brain parenchyma [5][9]. Group 2: Implications for Future Research - The findings suggest that the brain not only processes neural information but also coordinates its microenvironment, providing a new framework for understanding brain-immune interactions [9]. - The research opens avenues for interventions targeting this regulatory network, potentially offering new perspectives on the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in neurodegenerative diseases [9][14]. - It emphasizes the importance of a functional lymphatic network for brain health, indicating that targeting the external lymphatic pathways may enhance treatment efficacy for neurological disorders [14].

Core Insights - Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly in China, following Alzheimer's disease, with a current patient population of approximately 3.62 million, projected to rise to 5 million by 2030, accounting for about half of the global cases [2][3] Group 1: Disease Characteristics - Parkinson's disease symptoms include both motor and non-motor symptoms, with motor symptoms characterized by slowness, tremors, stiffness, and postural instability, while non-motor symptoms may include constipation, low mood, depression, olfactory dysfunction, and sleep disturbances [3][4] - Non-motor symptoms can appear up to 20 years before the onset of motor symptoms, indicating a higher probability of developing Parkinson's disease [2][3] Group 2: Diagnosis and Treatment - Early diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes, but there are significant challenges in identifying early-stage patients due to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment [3][4] - The latest treatment guidelines recommend that once Parkinson's disease is diagnosed, treatment should begin promptly, regardless of the impact on quality of life, emphasizing the need for long-term management and a collaborative approach involving healthcare providers, patients, caregivers, and society [4]

作为原理证明，团队利用MetaVision3D，生成了正常小鼠和罹患阿尔茨海默病、庞贝氏症（一种罕 见的遗传性疾病）的小鼠大脑代谢组的3D交互式图谱。 为绘制这些3D图谱，研究团队使用高科技成像仪，逐层扫描了79个大脑切片。这台仪器可识别并计 数脂肪、碳水化合物等分子，这些分子是实现大脑功能的必需营养素。随后，他们使用AI工具将这些图 像堆叠在一起，重建了整个大脑的代谢组。 研究示意图。图片来源：《自然·代谢》杂志 代谢组是为大脑运作提供能量的数千个分子的集合。这一进展使科学家能更全面地了解代谢在阿尔 茨海默病和其他神经退行性疾病中的作用，从而发现治疗这些疾病的新药。 AI新工具创建大脑代谢组高清3D图谱 研究团队表示，利用该方法可绘制出大脑内数千种分子及其在大脑中精确位置。在线用户可在3D重 建中探索大脑代谢组的各个部分，从而揭示传统2D图谱中看不到的细微差别，为研究受饮食、运动和遗 传影响的细胞代谢和疾病机制提供新见解。例如，科学家可利用该工具探索和检查影响思维、记忆和大 脑健康的分子，包括那些与神经退行性疾病有关的分子。 美国佛罗里达大学研究团队借助超级计算机，创建出一款强大的人工智能（AI）工具 Me ...