Core Viewpoint - The successful return of the ninth batch of space science experiment samples from the Chinese space station via the Shenzhou 21 spacecraft marks a significant advancement in understanding the effects of space environments on biological and material sciences [1][3]. Group 1: Biological Research - The returned biological samples include 9 types of life science experiments, such as mice, zebrafish, and other organisms, weighing approximately 46.67 kilograms in total [1]. - Scientists will conduct research on the behavior and physiological biochemical indicators of the mice to understand their stress responses and adaptive changes to the space environment [3]. - Further biological analyses, including transcriptome sequencing and proteomics, will be performed on the returned cell samples to explore the impact of microgravity on biological mechanisms and potential intervention targets for related diseases [5]. Group 2: Material Science Research - The materials returned include tungsten-hafnium alloys, soft magnetic materials, and relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, which will be analyzed for their structural morphology, chemical composition, and distribution differences [5]. - Research will focus on how gravity affects material growth, segregation, solidification defects, and performance, contributing to the development of high-performance materials for satellite communication and lunar base construction [5]. Group 3: Combustion Research - The combustion samples returned include flame synthesis products of semiconductor nanomaterials and carbon soot samples, which will be analyzed to understand the characteristics of nanoparticle generation [5]. - The findings are expected to support the development of extraterrestrial nanomaterials, new energy systems, space fire prevention technologies, and advanced functional nanocarbon materials [5].

Core Viewpoint - The ninth batch of scientific experiment samples from the Chinese space station has successfully returned, enabling scientists to conduct further research on various scientific fields, including life sciences, materials science, and combustion [1][3][5]. Group 1: Life Sciences - The returned life science samples include 9 types of experiments involving mice, zebrafish, and other organisms, weighing approximately 46.67 kilograms in total [3][5]. - Researchers will analyze the behavior and physiological biochemical indicators of the returned mice to understand their stress responses and adaptive changes in a space environment, providing scientific evidence for the effects of space on living organisms [3][5]. - Further biological analyses, such as transcriptome sequencing and proteomics, will be conducted on the life cell samples to explore the impact of microgravity on biological mechanisms and potential intervention targets for related diseases [5][6]. Group 2: Materials Science - The materials science samples include tungsten-hafnium alloys, soft magnetic materials, and relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, which will be tested for their morphology, chemical composition, and distribution differences [5][6]. - The research aims to understand how gravity affects material growth, segregation, solidification defects, and performance, which will contribute to the development of high-performance materials for satellite communication and space exploration [5][6]. Group 3: Combustion Science - The combustion samples, including burners and soot collection plates, will be analyzed for the characteristics of flame-synthesized products and nano-carbon particle generation [6]. - The findings are expected to support the development of extraterrestrial nano-materials, new energy systems, space fire prevention technologies, and advanced functional nano-carbon materials [6].

Core Insights - A large number of space science experiment samples, including mice, successfully returned with the Shenzhou 21 spacecraft [1] - The experiment mice lived in the Chinese space station for nearly two weeks, which is about double the planned duration [4] - The research aims to understand the stress responses and adaptive changes of mice in space, providing scientific basis for the effects of space environments on living organisms [4] Group 1: Experiment Samples - The returned samples include nine types of biological experiment samples such as mice, zebrafish, and macrophages [1] - Various material samples were also included, such as tungsten-hafnium alloys, soft magnetic materials, and new thermal control coatings [1] Group 2: Research and Development - The entire process of feeding and caring for mice in space has been successfully established, laying a solid foundation for future large-scale mammal cultivation and research in space [6] - The research on mice is expected to help understand potential impacts on humans in microgravity, including effects on muscles and bones [6]

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully landed at the Dongfeng landing site on November 14, 2025, at 16:40 Beijing time [2] - The Shenzhou 20 crew, consisting of astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, spent a record 204 days in orbit, completing four extravehicular activities and numerous cargo operations [2] - The mission involved extensive scientific experiments in various fields, including microgravity basic physics, space materials science, space life science, aerospace medicine, and aerospace technology [2]

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully launched on October 31, marking the 6th manned flight in China's space station application and development phase and the 37th launch since the program's inception [4] - The mission involved a successful docking with the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station, achieving the fastest docking record for Shenzhou spacecraft [4] - The Shenzhou 21 crew includes three astronauts, with Zhang Lu as the commander, and will conduct various scientific experiments during their stay in the space station [4][5] Group 1 - The Shenzhou 21 mission is part of China's ongoing efforts in manned spaceflight, with a total of 28 astronauts and 44 missions to date [4] - The spacecraft's launch was executed by the Long March 2F rocket, marking the 604th flight of the Long March series [4] - The crew will engage in experiments related to space life sciences, microgravity physics, and new space technologies, including multiple extravehicular activities [4] Group 2 - This mission will also see the first implementation of a space science experiment involving four mice, marking a new phase in China's space station life science experiments [5] - The experiment aims to study the effects of microgravity and confined conditions on the behavior of the mice, contributing to understanding biological responses in space [5]

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft successfully launched on October 31, 2023, carrying three astronauts and marking a significant achievement in China's space exploration efforts [1][3]. Group 1: Mission Overview - Shenzhou-21 is the sixth manned spacecraft in the application and development phase of China's space station and the first to utilize a 3.5-hour rapid rendezvous and docking plan, significantly improving autonomous docking capabilities [3][4]. - The new docking plan reduces the time from the previous 6.5 hours to 3.5 hours, decreasing the number of trajectory control maneuvers and flight circles, thus alleviating the astronauts' flight pressure and enhancing overall mission response capabilities [3][4]. Group 2: Technical Innovations - The mission's success relies on three key optimizations: precise launch and orbit control, reduced initial distance for close-range guidance, and unified optimization of flight trajectories, enhancing system fault tolerance and adaptability [4][5]. - The Long March 2F rocket underwent nearly 20 technical improvements to ensure the precision required for the rapid docking, including advanced control systems for better sensitivity and decision-making [5]. Group 3: Scientific Experiments - During the mission, 27 scientific and application projects will be conducted, including the first domestic space experiment with four SPF-grade C57BL/6 laboratory mice to study the effects of microgravity and confinement on their behavior [6][7]. - The experiment aims to explore the adaptive responses and stress reactions of mice in space, with potential implications for understanding human health issues related to space travel and terrestrial conditions [8].

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spaceflight mission will conduct domestic rodent space science experiments in orbit for the first time [2] - Four mice were selected from 300 candidates after over 60 days of rigorous training to accompany astronauts on the Shenzhou-21 mission [6] Summary by Category Mission Overview - The Shenzhou-21 mission is set to implement space science experiments involving rodents, marking a significant milestone in domestic space research [2] Selection Process - The selection of the four mice involved a competitive process, highlighting the challenges and rigorous training required to prepare them for space travel [6]

Core Points - China will conduct its first space science experiment involving domestic rodent mammals in orbit, utilizing four mice (two males and two females) for in-orbit breeding [2] Group 1 - The experiment aims to study the effects of microgravity and closed environments on the behavior patterns of mice [2]

Core Insights - China will conduct its first domestic space science experiment involving rodent mammals in orbit, utilizing four mice (two males and two females) to study the effects of microgravity and confined space on their behavior patterns [1] Group 1 - The experiment aims to investigate the impact of space conditions on the behavior of mice [1] - The selection of both male and female mice indicates a comprehensive approach to understanding behavioral differences [1]

Core Viewpoint - China will conduct its first domestic space science experiment involving terrestrial rodents in orbit, utilizing four mice (two males and two females) to study the effects of microgravity and confined space conditions on their behavior patterns [1] Group 1 - The experiment aims to investigate the impact of weightlessness and closed environments on the behavior of mice [1] - The selection of both male and female mice indicates a comprehensive approach to understanding behavioral differences based on sex in space conditions [1]