耕地扩张使SOA净降温作用减少11%。在未来气候变暖与空气污染减轻的情景下，相同耕地扩张的 增温效应将比当前增强约50%。 该研究首次系统揭示了，耕地扩张通过削弱"降温屏障"加剧全球变暖的新机制。傅平青说："这项 研究警示我们，在制定粮食安全与气候政策时，必须同时考虑土地利用变化对'碳账本'和'气溶胶降温 账'的双重影响。" 研究建议，保护和恢复森林生态系统不仅能固碳，还能维持重要的SOA自然降温功能，这一"非 碳"效益在未来气候变暖背景下将愈发珍贵。该成果为国家制定碳中和战略和土地科学管理的协同政策 提供了重要科学依据，也为全球气候变化的预测和应对提供了新思路。 记者7月28日从天津大学获悉，该校教授朱佳雷、傅平青联合清华大学教授张强等，采用包含自主 研发模块的地球系统模型，首次在全球范围内系统分析了工业革命以来农田扩张对二次有机气溶胶 （SOA）及其气候效应的影响。该研究揭示了人类农业活动如何通过改变土地覆盖，影响大气成分和气 候变化。研究成果近日发表在国际地学顶级期刊《自然·地球科学》上。 据介绍，工业革命以来，为满足粮食需求，全球森林和草地大规模转为农田。传统研究主要关注这 种转变对碳储存、反照率和水 ...

Core Insights - The recent outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Foshan, Guangdong, has raised significant public health concerns, with over 4,000 reported cases as of July 24, 2025, primarily in Shunde District [2][3] - The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for urgent action to prevent a repeat of the large-scale outbreak from 2004-2005, which affected nearly 500,000 people globally [1][2] - Climate change and urbanization are accelerating the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, posing a substantial challenge to global public health [7][8] Summary by Sections Outbreak Details - The first case in Foshan was linked to an imported infection, leading to local transmission [2] - All reported cases are mild, with no human-to-human transmission observed; the primary mode of transmission is through mosquito bites [2][3] - Symptoms include high fever, severe joint pain, and rash, with self-recovery expected in most cases [2] Global Context - The outbreak began in early 2025, with significant infections reported in Indian Ocean islands and spreading to Africa and parts of South Asia [1][2] - France and Italy have also reported cases, raising concerns about the virus's spread beyond tropical regions [2] Prevention and Treatment - Currently, there is no specific treatment for Chikungunya; prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites through various measures [3] - Two vaccines have received partial regulatory approval, but widespread use is not yet recommended due to insufficient efficacy data [3] Climate Impact - Global warming is pushing the distribution of the Aedes albopictus mosquito into temperate regions, increasing the risk of Chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases in Europe and beyond [7][8] - Predictions indicate that the incidence of Chikungunya and similar diseases could increase fivefold by 2060 due to climate change [7] Public Health Response - Effective mosquito control, monitoring, and research investment are critical to managing the threat posed by Chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases [10] - The need for a comprehensive public health strategy involving government, research institutions, and the public is emphasized to combat these emerging threats [10]

Group 1 - The phenomenon of "nighttime high temperatures" is caused by cloud cover that traps heat, preventing nighttime cooling [1][3] - Human activities, such as urbanization and transportation, contribute to higher nighttime temperatures due to heat retention in concrete and asphalt [3][4] - Global climate change factors, including increased greenhouse gases and water vapor, exacerbate nighttime warming [3][4] Group 2 - Nighttime high temperatures pose health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, who have a reduced ability to regulate body temperature [4][6] - Recommendations for coping with nighttime high temperatures include improving air circulation indoors, staying hydrated, and being cautious about outdoor activities [4][6] - Special attention is needed for elderly individuals with heart conditions, as they may require careful management of fluid intake to avoid exacerbating health issues [6]

Core Viewpoint - The phenomenon of "nighttime high temperatures" is increasingly prevalent due to various atmospheric conditions and human activities, leading to health risks, particularly in urban areas [1][3][5]. Group 1: Atmospheric Conditions - Strong daytime solar radiation heats the ground, which then releases heat at night through long-wave radiation, but the cooling rate is influenced by atmospheric conditions [3]. - Increased cloud cover at night can trap heat, preventing effective cooling and resulting in slower temperature drops [1][3]. Group 2: Human Activities - Urban environments with dense buildings and limited vegetation act as "heat storage" systems, exacerbating nighttime temperatures [3][5]. - Human activities such as traffic and air conditioning contribute to elevated nighttime temperatures, making urban areas significantly warmer than rural ones [3][5]. Group 3: Health Risks - High nighttime temperatures can lead to health issues, including heatstroke and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in high-humidity conditions [5][6]. - Vulnerable populations, especially the elderly, are at greater risk due to their reduced ability to regulate body temperature [6]. Group 4: Recommendations - To mitigate the effects of nighttime high temperatures, it is advised to improve air circulation indoors and stay hydrated, regardless of thirst [5]. - Special attention should be given to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, who may not perceive temperature changes effectively [6].

Core Viewpoint - The extreme heat in Northeast China has led to a surge in air conditioner demand, highlighting a shift in consumer behavior as air conditioning becomes a necessity rather than a luxury in the region [1][2][3]. Group 1: Weather Conditions - Long-term climate patterns in Northeast China have changed, with temperatures reaching unprecedented levels, such as 36 degrees Celsius in Changchun, which is significantly higher than historical averages [1][5][19]. - The summer of 2023 has been marked by extreme heat across the country, with 147 national meteorological stations reporting record high temperatures [3][16]. Group 2: Consumer Behavior and Market Response - The demand for air conditioners has skyrocketed, leading to shortages in both online and offline retail channels, particularly for budget models priced under 2000 yuan [7][8][11]. - Retail sales of air conditioners in Northeast provinces have seen dramatic increases, with sales in Jilin up 355%, Heilongjiang up 333%, and Liaoning up 518% year-on-year [11][14]. - Installation services for air conditioners are overwhelmed, with consumers facing long wait times, sometimes up to 10 days, for installation due to high demand [13][14]. Group 3: Brand and Industry Actions - Major brands like Xiaomi and Midea are responding to the surge in demand by dispatching additional installation teams to the Northeast to alleviate the backlog [14]. - The air conditioning market in Northeast China is experiencing a significant transformation, as consumers who previously viewed air conditioning as non-essential are now prioritizing it due to extreme weather conditions [1][19].

Core Viewpoint - The overarching objective of China-EU energy cooperation is to expedite the global transition to clean energy while ensuring energy security to address global climate change challenges [6][7]. Group 1 - The 12th meeting of the China-EU Energy Dialogue was held on July 14, 2025, in Beijing, co-hosted by Wang Hongzhi and Dan Jørgensen [5][6]. - Both sides agreed to sustain cooperation on various aspects of the clean energy transition, including accelerating the transition, ensuring energy security, enabling benefits of the transition, and energy market design [6][7]. - The EU-China Energy Cooperation Platform (ECECP) and the China-Europe Energy Innovation Cooperation Platform (CEEI) participated in the dialogue meeting [2][7].

Group 1: Event Overview - The fourth global elite "Generation Z" leaders online event was successfully held, gathering over 40 youth representatives from 15 renowned universities, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of California, Berkeley, to discuss "AI technology and future applications" [1][4] Group 2: AI Technology Insights - Yang Jian, a former core researcher from Alibaba's Tongyi team, highlighted the breakthrough in code intelligence technology, emphasizing that AI models have democratized programming, allowing code generation through natural language descriptions [4] - Echo Zhang from University College London stated that the core value of AIGC (AI-generated content) lies in "co-creation between humans and algorithms," illustrating its impact on personalized education and medical diagnostics with examples like Google DeepMind's "MedGemma" model [5] - Erum Yasmeen from Shanghai Jiao Tong University referenced a World Economic Forum statistic predicting that 85 million jobs will be displaced by AI, while new jobs will be created, stressing the importance of adapting faster than technology [9][10] Group 3: Educational Technology Evolution - Hua Xiaowen from Shanghai Jiao Tong University reviewed the evolution of educational technology, advocating that technology should enhance learners' individual expression and multiple intelligences rather than replace teachers [7] - The discussion included the introduction of AI courses in countries like Finland, encouraging students to engage with global issues such as sustainable development goals [7] Group 4: Data Analysis and AI Development - Duan Yuqing from the University of Auckland shared a thought-provoking perspective that "dirty data" can sometimes be more valuable than "clean data" for training AI models, particularly in financial fraud detection [12]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint indicates that 2025 is likely to be one of the warmest years on record, with a high probability of exceeding the global average temperature record set in 2024 [1][2] - The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) predicts that there is an 80% chance that at least one year between 2025 and 2029 will surpass the 2024 temperature record [1] - The average global temperature from January to May 2025 is reported to be the second highest since 1850, only slightly lower than the same period in 2024 [1] Group 2 - In June 2023, the national average temperature in China was 21.1°C, which is 0.9°C higher than the historical average, tying with 2022 for the highest June temperature since 1961 [2] - A total of 102 national meteorological stations in China recorded daily maximum temperatures exceeding historical June records, with 17 stations reaching or exceeding 40°C [2] - Two significant heatwaves affected China in June, with temperatures exceeding 40°C in several provinces [2] Group 3 - National precipitation in June showed an "east more, west less" distribution, with an average of 85.8 mm, which is 3.4% higher than the historical average [3] - Three strong regional rainstorm events occurred in southern China, with one event classified as extremely strong, leading to severe flooding in multiple areas [3] - The "China Climate Change Blue Book (2025)" highlights the ongoing warming trend in the climate system, with significant acceleration in ocean warming, sea level rise, and glacier melting since the 1990s [3] Group 4 - The National Climate Center will continue to enhance global climate system monitoring and provide timely and accurate information to support responses to global climate change [4]

Core Insights - A study involving top global scientists predicts that human activities will lead to a 1.5°C increase in global average temperatures by early 2028, making it difficult to achieve the temperature control goals set by the Paris Agreement [1][3] - The report published in the journal "Earth System Science Data" indicates that at the current rate of 42 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year, there is a 50% chance of reaching the 1.5°C threshold by February 2028 [1][3] - The speed of greenhouse gas emissions is accelerating faster than previously predicted, raising concerns about the worsening climate situation [3] Emission and Temperature Projections - According to the Paris Agreement, parties aim to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C [3] - The imbalance between heat absorption and release on Earth is intensifying, which is alarming according to the report's lead author [3] Implications of Temperature Increase - Experts warn that surpassing the 1.5°C threshold will lead to more frequent and severe extreme weather events [5] - While crossing the 1.5°C mark does not signify an apocalyptic scenario, every 0.1°C increase in average temperature will result in worse impacts [5]

Core Viewpoint - The importance of boosting confidence and improving expectations for the development of the private economy in China is emphasized, as it is essential for achieving Chinese-style modernization [3][5]. Group 1: Economic Growth Potential - China's economic growth potential remains significant, even if the growth rate is expected to decline to around 4% or 5%, which is still faster than developed countries [3][5]. - The potential for growth is supported by factors such as the hardworking nature of the Chinese people, strong innovation spirit, and a large market that provides advantages in the digital and intelligent era [4][5]. Group 2: Role of Private Economy - The private economy is deemed crucial for achieving Chinese-style modernization, and there is a need for confidence in its development [5][9]. - The government is encouraged to institutionalize and legalize the protection and encouragement of the private economy to ensure equal competition among different types of enterprises [10]. Group 3: Enhancing Scientific Literacy - Improving the scientific literacy of the population is essential to enhance the confidence of private entrepreneurs and the general public [6][9]. - The lack of scientific spirit among the populace can lead to the spread of rumors and misinformation, which negatively impacts confidence [7][8]. Group 4: Decision-Making Mechanisms - Establishing clear decision-making mechanisms for the private economy is necessary to address issues and enhance confidence [10][11]. - The need for a coordinating body to address the challenges faced by the private sector is highlighted, as current mechanisms may not adequately support private enterprises [10][11]. Group 5: Digital Intelligence Development - The rapid development of digital intelligence technology, such as chatGPT, presents both opportunities and challenges for the economy [12]. - The relationship between scale, development, and regulation in the digital economy needs to be carefully managed to maintain confidence in the sector [12].