Group 1 - China ranks prominently in scientific research achievements, innovation, and urban clusters according to multiple international research platforms, with the UN Deputy Secretary-General describing it as entering an "innovation explosion period" [1] - The Chang'e 7 mission is expected to launch around 2026, focusing on lunar south pole exploration and carrying payloads from several countries [1] - The Tianwen-2 mission, aimed at asteroid exploration and sample return, successfully launched in May 2025, marking China's first mission to explore and return samples from an asteroid [1] Group 2 - The new generation of reusable crewed spacecraft, "Dream Boat," is set for its first flight in 2026, featuring a modular design and intended for near-Earth space station operations and crewed lunar missions [3] - The 2026 crewed spaceflight schedule includes the launch of Shenzhou-23 and Shenzhou-24 crewed spacecraft, as well as the Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft, with Shenzhou-23 featuring a crew member for a long-term stay [3] Group 3 - China's deep-sea exploration capabilities have expanded significantly, with the "Fendouzhe" manned submersible completing deep-sea scientific research in the Arctic, marking a shift from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" exploration [5][7] - By the end of 2025, China's deep-sea manned submersibles are expected to exceed 2,000 dives, enhancing international scientific cooperation and technological development in deep-sea research [5][7] Group 4 - The "2025 Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs" list by the Institute of Physics includes a breakthrough in the preparation of the first two-dimensional metal, marking a significant achievement in the field of two-dimensional materials [8] - In the biopharmaceutical sector, 76 innovative drugs were approved in 2025, with total licensing transactions exceeding $130 billion, indicating a historic peak in China's pharmaceutical innovation [8]

据统计，2025年，我国三大载人潜水器实际共完成321次下潜，其中"蛟龙"号下潜94次，"深海勇士"号下潜109次，"奋斗者"号下潜118次。2025年下潜最 多的"奋斗者"号，不仅实现我国万米载人深潜常态化，更成功叩开北极冰封之海，将中国载人深潜的足迹从全海深拓展至全海域。 这次北极之旅98天航行一万五千多海里，共下潜43次，其中32次是在海冰覆盖率超过80%的北极中央海盆区，使我国成为世界上目前唯一能在北极密集海 冰区连续载人深潜的国家。参与此次非凡之旅，并两次下潜的科学家田丽艳，将为我们讲述国际首次北极密集海冰区载人深潜背后的故事。 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所研究员 田丽艳：这块黑色的玄武岩，就是我们首次北极载人深潜科考在北极冰区海底3000多米获得的宝贵样品，它是 来自加克洋中脊的东段，位于地球上扩张速率最慢的地方之一。每年板块向两侧分离的距离不到20毫米，这里隐藏着地球深部地幔物质上涌的秘密，是我 们解读地球演化历史的关键拼图。 加克洋中脊，是全球海底山脉向北延伸的终点，其"超慢速扩张"，就像一个慢镜头展示地球板块分离过程，是研究地球深部的理想天然实验室。然而，这 里常年厚冰覆盖率超过80%，是 ...

0:00 / 6:34 2026年新年伊始，"奋斗者"号载人潜水器已经出发，执行中国科学家主导的联合国海洋十年"全球 深渊探索计划"的国际联合新航次。 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所研究员 田丽艳：后来当潜水器带着灯，从水面起来的那一下， 大家就终于放心了。我们第一个在北极加克洋中脊下潜的潜次，是奋斗者411潜次。第一次我们下潜回 收就那么困难，但我们在412、包括413的潜次过程中就迅速地调整了，再也没有花过那么长的时间。包 括船破冰之后要用船身其中的一侧来压住浮冰，这个都是他们迅速地就设计出这样的方案，能高效地保 证潜器顺利上浮。40多天断网的状态，无论是在生理上还是心理上，都是一个很大的挑战。 团队抓住有限的作业窗口期，一度达到了两天三潜的高强度节奏。"奋斗者"第418个潜次，是田丽 艳的北极第一潜。海底九个小时，她抵达了年轻洋壳的诞生现场。 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所研究员 田丽艳：看到了大批的比较新鲜的枕状玄武岩，还是挺 震撼的。加克洋中脊大概是1800公里，我们工作这个区域也有几百公里，这段是加克洋中脊的东段，是 扩张脊里面最慢的一段，几乎在研究上是个空白。从来没有过载人深潜器在这里面进行过科 ...

Core Insights - Extreme environments serve as a "touchstone" for technological innovation, enabling in-depth exploration of natural laws and the limits of life, thus driving scientific advancements and new technological breakthroughs [1] Group 1: Breakthroughs in Extreme Conditions - In February 2025, a comprehensive extreme conditions experimental facility was completed, capable of providing temperatures as low as 1 millikelvin, pressures exceeding 300 billion pascals, magnetic field strengths up to 26 teslas, and ultrafast light field pulse widths not exceeding 100 attoseconds, significantly enhancing China's capabilities in material science [2] - In September 2025, the world's largest supergravity centrifuge in Hangzhou was operational, achieving a maximum arm linear speed of 137 meters per second, generating 300 times Earth's gravity, and supporting a maximum load of 20 tons, simulating soil settlement over a century in a single day [4] - In 2025, China's first ice-capable manned deep-sea operation mother ship "Exploration No. 3" and the "Fighter" submersible successfully completed manned deep-sea missions in the Arctic, overcoming extreme conditions of -30°C and approximately 600 atmospheres [5][7] Group 2: Advances in Nuclear Fusion Research - The EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) achieved a world record of 100 million degrees Celsius and stable plasma operation for 1066 seconds in 2025, marking a significant leap from basic science to engineering practice in fusion energy research [8] - The EAST facility has conducted over 150,000 plasma operations since its inception in 2006, consistently setting new world records and maintaining international leadership in engineering and physics [15] - The construction of the next-generation fusion experimental device, BEST, is progressing, with plans to demonstrate fusion energy generation by 2030 [16][18] Group 3: Future Prospects in Extreme Condition Research - The establishment of advanced extreme condition experimental facilities is becoming a crucial paradigm in scientific research, aimed at discovering new materials, revealing new laws, and opening new applications [21] - China's focus on extreme conditions in deep-sea, high-altitude, and polar environments is expected to drive the development of multiple disciplines, exploring scientific questions related to material states, life behaviors, and cosmic evolution, thereby supporting innovations in new materials and energy sectors [23]

国际话语权的提升，推动我国从"参与"到"引领"的角色进阶。近年来，我国在深潜技术标准、科考 模式等方面逐渐形成独特优势，2025年开展的国际联合航次，通过向世界共享平台、技术与数据，加之 多篇高被引成果在国际学术期刊发表，正推动"中国方案"融入全球深海治理。展望"十五五"，将有更多 国内外联合科考航次的规划，彰显中国以开放姿态搭建全球深海合作平台的责任担当。 随着未来累计深潜目标的达成，中国必将在深海科学研究、技术标准制定、全球海洋生态治理等领 域占据更重要地位，为人类探索海洋奥秘、保护海洋生态贡献坚实的中国力量。 （原载于《科技日报》 2025-12-26 02版） 12月24日，中国科学院重大科技基础设施"载人潜水器与海上作业母船"用户委员会2025年度会议披 露：我国"深海勇士"号、"奋斗者"号、"蛟龙"号三大载人潜水器全年完成314次深潜，累计下潜总量达 1746次，2026年将向2000次目标稳步迈进。这组令人振奋的数据，不仅印证了我国深潜作业从"全海 深"到"全海域"的跨越，更标志着中国深海科技已迈入规模化应用的关键阶段。 规模化深潜的背后，是技术硬实力的持续迭代。2025年最具突破性的进展，当属 ...

2025年，"蛟龙"号成功完成我国首次北极冰区下潜，并与"奋斗者"号实现双载人潜水器协同作业。"奋斗者"号依托我国自主设计建造的国际首艘具有破 冰能力的母船"探索三号"，完成我国首次北极密集冰区载人深潜科考，将我国载人深潜从海底万米的"全海深"拓展至所有海洋的"全海域"。此外，"深海勇 士"号在我国南海西北陆坡水下文物保护区内，首次进行载人和无人潜水器协同作业，开展海底沉船高效率调查，支撑深海考古取得新发现。 截至目前，我国三台载人潜水器累计下潜已达1746次，预计2026年将突破2000次。 央视网消息（新闻联播）：我国载人深潜2025年度进展情况日前正式发布。今年，"蛟龙"号、"深海勇士"号和"奋斗者"号三大载人潜水器预计共完成 314个载人深潜潜次，应用水平持续提升。 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses China's advancements in polar deep-sea exploration, highlighting the successful use of indigenous technology and equipment in extreme conditions [2][7]. Group 1: Exploration Achievements - The team conducted a 98-day Arctic expedition, utilizing the domestically designed icebreaker "Exploration No. 3" to perform manned deep dives in the Gakkel Ridge, an area with over 80% ice coverage [2][3]. - The Gakkel Ridge is noted for its slow geological expansion, providing critical insights into Earth's evolution and the deep mantle [2][3]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The "Fighter" manned submersible, modified for extreme conditions, successfully navigated under ice, overcoming challenges such as ice cover and communication issues [3][7]. - A new operational model was developed where the submersible could locate the mother ship through advanced acoustic communication, enhancing safety during operations in dense ice [3][7]. Group 3: Scientific Contributions - The expedition collected valuable geological samples, including basalt, which are essential for understanding the formation of the ocean floor and the deep mantle [3][4]. - The research aims to contribute to the understanding of rapid climate change in the Arctic and the evolution of life in extreme environments [7]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The article emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and efficient communication mechanisms to maximize the use of polar samples and data in future research [4][6]. - The advancements in deep-sea technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period position China as a leader in polar exploration, capable of conducting continuous manned deep dives in Arctic ice-covered regions [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights China's largest Arctic scientific expedition, which successfully completed its 15th Arctic Ocean scientific investigation, showcasing significant advancements in polar research capabilities [1][2]. Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four advanced research vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Deep Sea One," "Polar," and "Explorer Three," marking the largest scale of Arctic scientific research in China's history [1][2]. - "Snow Dragon 2" is noted as the world's first icebreaker capable of operating in both bow and stern, while "Explorer Three" is the first manned deep-sea operation mother ship with icebreaking capabilities [1][2]. Group 2: Research Findings - The expedition revealed that global warming is having a magnified effect in the Arctic, directly impacting China's climate system and ecological environment, which in turn affects agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and shipping [2][10]. - The research included the collection of over 5,000 benthic biological samples, showcasing a diverse underwater ecosystem, with significant findings in both benthic and mid-water biological samples [5][6][11]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The "Deep Sea One" and "Explorer Three" vessels utilized advanced technologies, including manned submersibles "Jiaolong" and "Fendouzhe," to conduct underwater collaborative operations, marking a breakthrough in domestic technology for deep-sea exploration [3][4][9]. - The expedition employed various advanced equipment such as AUVs, ROVs, and Lander systems, enhancing the temporal and spatial scale of data collection [7][8]. Group 4: Climate Change Implications - Observations indicated that Arctic sea ice is rapidly melting, with a notable increase in water channels and ponds compared to previous expeditions, suggesting a significant shift towards an "ice-free" Arctic [10][11]. - The article discusses the implications of climate change on Arctic ecosystems, including the expansion of warm-water species and the potential for new shipping routes due to reduced ice coverage [11][12].

Core Insights - The article discusses China's largest Arctic scientific expedition, which involved four advanced research vessels and aimed to study significant changes in the Arctic environment and ecosystem [4][6][20]. Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition, which took place from July to October 2025, included the "Snow Dragon 2," "Deep Sea One," "Polar," and "Explorer Three," marking the largest Arctic scientific investigation since China began Arctic research in the late 1990s [4][5][6]. - The "Snow Dragon 2" is noted as the world's first polar research vessel capable of icebreaking at both the bow and stern, while the "Explorer Three" is the first manned submersible mother ship with icebreaking capabilities [5][10]. Group 2: Scientific Findings - The expedition revealed that Arctic warming is occurring at a rate 3 to 4 times faster than the global average, with significant implications for China's climate and ecological systems [6][20]. - The research included the use of advanced technologies such as ROVs and AUVs, which enhanced data collection and allowed for unprecedented underwater exploration in the Arctic [15][18]. Group 3: Ecological Changes - The study documented a rich diversity of benthic organisms, with over 4,000 species recorded, indicating a vibrant ecosystem beneath the ice [14][25]. - Observations showed that the Arctic ecosystem is undergoing restructuring due to climate change, with species migrating northward and altering traditional distribution patterns [24][26]. Group 4: Climate Impact - The article highlights the accelerated melting of Arctic sea ice, with significant implications for global climate patterns and local ecosystems [20][21]. - Data from climate monitoring agencies confirm that the Arctic is warming rapidly, with the lowest recorded sea ice extent occurring in recent years [22][27]. Group 5: Future Implications - The findings from this expedition are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of Arctic changes and their global implications, particularly regarding climate change and sustainable development [27][28].

Core Points - The Chinese scientific research team successfully completed the Arctic manned deep-sea diving mission and returned on October 27 [1] - The mission utilized China's first ice-breaking manned submersible operation mother ship "Exploration No. 3" and the manned submersible "Fighter" [1] Group 1 - The scientific research team departed from Sanya, Hainan on July 22 and conducted operations in the Arctic Ocean for 56 days, completing a series of scientific investigations and experiments [1] - The "Fighter" manned submersible completed 43 dive missions in the Arctic [1] - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible achieved China's first manned deep dive in the Arctic ice zone and collaborated underwater with the "Fighter," innovating a dual manned submersible underwater collaboration model [1] Group 2 - The research team collected valuable water, sediment, rock, and biological samples, obtaining a large amount of observational data [1] - The findings will provide important scientific support for in-depth studies on rapid climate change in the Arctic, evolution of life in polar regions, and adaptation mechanisms [1]