2025 年 10 月 9 日， 深圳大学 李清泉 院士、 杨超 助理教授等 ， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： Tropical forest carbon offsets deliver partial gains amid persistent over-crediting 的研究论文。 该研究分析了来自南美洲、非洲和东南亚 12 个国家的 52 个 REDD+ 避免意外毁林项目， 发现这些项目的气候效益高于以往研究，但总体成效仍然较低 ，仅有 19% 的项目达到了它们自 己报告的减排目标， 且 项目成功情况和高估程度在各国之间差异很大。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 森林退化 是 温室气体排放 的一个主要来源， 因此，通过保护森林的碳补偿项目，例如 REDD+ （ 减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量增强版 ） ， 来抵消其他地区 的温室气体排放，并在 自愿碳市场 中进行交易。然而，这些项目的有效性近期 受到了质疑 ， 导致碳补偿价值下降。 REDD+ （ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus ） ， ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the impact of ultra-processed foods on human health, highlighting the use of unfamiliar additives that the body cannot recognize [4][5] - It emphasizes the unrealistic beauty standards perpetuated by various industries, including fitness and fashion, which can lead to unhealthy dieting behaviors [6][9] - The article notes that historical energy consumption patterns of ordinary farmers involved significant physical activity, contrasting with modern sedentary lifestyles [8] Group 2 - The article explains the carbon credit system, where companies can purchase credits to offset their carbon emissions, with one credit awarded for every ton of CO2 reduced [7][8] - It mentions that the Chinese government initially targeted major carbon emitters in the power generation sector, expanding to include industries like steel and cement, which contribute over 60% of the country's CO2 emissions [9] - The article points out that not all environmental projects generate carbon credits; only certified projects, such as renewable energy and afforestation, qualify [9][10] Group 3 - The article raises concerns about the environmental impact of fireworks on fragile ecosystems, specifically referencing an incident in the Tibetan Plateau where a large number of fireworks were set off [12][13] - It discusses the ecological consequences of such events, particularly on local wildlife, and the potential long-term effects of pollutants from fireworks [14][15]

本报讯 （记者李春莲）9月24日，以"完善碳定价机制，激发绿色低碳发展新动能"为主题的2025年中国 碳市场大会在上海成功召开。本次大会由上海市生态环境局、湖北省生态环境厅和生态环境部应对气候 变化司联合承办，汇聚了来自全球20多个国家和地区及全国各省市的政府代表、专家学者及行业领袖， 共同探讨碳市场建设与国际合作路径。 随着中国市场机制不断完善，中国碳信用将在全球市场上发挥更重要作用。本次大会的成功举办，不仅 展现了中国在碳市场建设方面的积极进展，也为进一步深化国际碳信用合作奠定了坚实基础，对构建公 平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系具有重要推动意义。 陈诗一在发言中强调，中国碳信用质量已实现显著提升，在监测核算精度、项目环境效益和合规管理等 方面与国际标准接轨，具备参与全球碳信用互认的坚实基础。通过"复旦碳价指数"等一系列碳定价机制 研究与金融工具创新，中国碳信用的国际认可度正不断增强。国际社会应正视并认可中国碳信用的价 值。 面向未来，为推动全球碳信用体系高质量发展，为《巴黎协定》下的全球气候治理提供市场化解决方 案，陈诗一建议从以下五方面着力：持续推进"复旦碳价指数"国际化进程，开展国际碳信用指数研发 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 China Carbon Market Conference emphasized the importance of improving carbon pricing mechanisms to stimulate green and low-carbon development, highlighting China's advancements in carbon credit quality and international recognition [1][2]. Group 1: Carbon Market Development - Over four years, the Chinese carbon market has achieved stable growth, with a comprehensive policy framework established and over 60% of effective CO2 emissions being controlled [2]. - The market's vitality has increased, with growing participation from trading entities, making it a significant tool for promoting green and low-carbon transitions and achieving carbon peak and neutrality goals [2]. Group 2: International Cooperation and Standards - China is enhancing the quality of its carbon credits through improved methodologies and data quality, aligning with international standards, which lays a solid foundation for global carbon credit mutual recognition [1][2]. - The "Fudan Carbon Price Index" and other carbon pricing mechanisms are being developed to increase the international recognition of Chinese carbon credits, urging the global community to acknowledge their value [1]. Group 3: Future Directions - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment plans to expand the carbon market's industry coverage and trading entities, diversify trading products and methods, and strengthen international cooperation to build a more effective and influential carbon market [2]. - Recommendations for high-quality development of the global carbon credit system include advancing the internationalization of the "Fudan Carbon Price Index," innovating financial products related to carbon credits, and enhancing international cooperation on standards [2]. Group 4: Talent Development - The Fudan University Insurance Application Innovation Research Institute is innovating in lifelong education, launching a Chief Transformation Officer (CTO) program focused on green and digital transformation, aiming to cultivate high-end talent for global climate governance and the development of the carbon credit system [3].

Group 1 - The company has completed a climate consultant review of its EMC business and successfully obtained a PIN number, allowing it to generate certified carbon credits for its EMC operations globally once the project review is completed and approved by Verra [1] - For every ton of verified potential CO2 reduction achieved through the EMC business, the company earns one unit of carbon credit, which can be traded on recognized platforms for cash [1] - The company anticipates generating approximately 42,400 tons of carbon credits annually from its EMC business over the initial ten-year period, with the potential for further deployment to increase carbon credit certification [2] Group 2 - The company plans to issue a private climate Islamic bond with a face value of 200 million RMB, approved by the Labuan Financial Services Authority, to fund the development of its EMC business [2] - Islamic bonds are designed based on Islamic financial principles and will be overseen by an Islamic law advisor, combining climate action and sustainable development goals through innovative financing solutions [3] - The climate Islamic bond will feature fixed interest payments and will repay the principal amount at maturity [3]

Core Viewpoint - Microsoft has signed a $1.7 billion contract with Vaulted Deep, a low-carbon company, to implement a unique carbon removal strategy involving the burial of waste materials, aiming to address its carbon emissions and enhance its environmental responsibility [3][22]. Group 1: Contract Details - The contract with Vaulted Deep is valued at $1.7 billion, which is approximately 100 billion RMB [3]. - The project involves burying 490 million tons of waste materials over a period of 12 years, which is a significant undertaking [5][20]. - This method is designed to sequester carbon for over 10,000 years, utilizing established industrial waste management techniques [18]. Group 2: Environmental Context - Microsoft’s decision reflects a broader trend among large corporations to improve their carbon credit scores and ESG ratings, as these factors influence investment decisions [8][10]. - Traditional carbon offset projects, such as forest conservation, have been criticized for their effectiveness, with many being deemed worthless [11][27]. - The shift towards carbon removal strategies indicates a response to the inadequacies of previous carbon offset methods [14][29]. Group 3: Financial Implications - The contract may lead to significant tax deductions for Microsoft, potentially saving over $300 million due to environmental subsidies [25]. - Vaulted Deep's CEO indicated that the actual costs for Microsoft could decrease as technology improves, making the investment more favorable [25]. Group 4: Broader Industry Trends - The project aligns with Microsoft's goal of achieving carbon negativity by 2030, despite a reported 23.4% increase in emissions in the 2023 fiscal year compared to 2020 [22][23]. - The initiative is part of a larger trend where companies are exploring innovative solutions to manage carbon emissions while addressing the growing demand for cloud computing and AI technologies [22][29].

Core Insights - The article discusses the rise of "low-carbon rice" in Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam and Thailand, as a strategic response to enhance agricultural competitiveness while addressing environmental concerns [1][3][4]. Group 1: Low-Carbon Rice Production - In Vietnam's Mekong Delta, pilot programs have increased rice yields by 5% to 10% and profits by $114 to $190 per hectare while reducing CO2 emissions by 12 tons per hectare [1]. - The core technology of low-carbon rice involves alternate wetting and drying irrigation, which reduces methane emissions significantly [1]. - In Myanmar, 28 rice export factories are installing solar power systems, indicating a shift towards integrating clean energy in rice production [2]. Group 2: National Strategies and Market Dynamics - Vietnam's government-led initiative aims to cover over 50% of the Mekong Delta's rice area with low-emission rice by 2030, establishing a national brand certification system [3]. - Thailand's CP Group is using contract farming to connect market and technology, providing subsidies to farmers and increasing production targets for low-carbon rice [3]. - The global rice market is experiencing volatility, with Thailand's white rice prices dropping by approximately 30% year-on-year, making low-carbon rice a key differentiator in the market [4]. Group 3: Challenges and Opportunities - Infrastructure challenges exist, such as aging irrigation systems in Vietnam that hinder the implementation of low-carbon practices [5]. - Farmers face participation barriers due to fragmented land ownership, which complicates the efficient application of low-carbon farming techniques [5]. - The lack of a unified certification system for emissions reductions raises concerns about the authenticity of the environmental benefits associated with high-priced low-carbon rice [5]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The expansion of global carbon markets is paving the way for agricultural carbon credits, with Vietnam establishing a carbon trading framework that could enhance the value of low-carbon rice [6]. - The low-carbon rice initiative is seen as a strategic move to address climate change while enhancing global competitiveness in agriculture [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The cost of oil-based marine fuels is expected to double over the next decade due to new greenhouse gas emission regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), significantly altering the shipping fuel market dynamics [2][3]. Regulatory Changes - The IMO has established greenhouse gas intensity threshold standards for ships from 2028 to 2035, imposing financial penalties on shipowners who fail to initiate low-carbon transitions. Shipowners using heavy fuel oil will see their operating costs double by 2035 [3]. - Under the new regulations, shipowners emitting above a lower threshold but below a higher threshold will pay an additional fee of $100 per ton of CO2 equivalent, while those exceeding the higher threshold will pay $380 per ton. Shipowners using low-carbon fuels can generate carbon credits to sell to those exceeding the higher threshold [3]. Market Impact - The implementation of these regulations is expected to create a fair competitive environment between fossil fuels and green fuels, potentially leading to a surge in demand for biofuels in the short term [3]. - Current data shows that 99% of global ships are traditional power vessels, but this percentage is expected to decline as more vessels using alternative fuels enter operation [4]. Future Fuel Consumption Trends - By 2050, the share of oil and liquefied natural gas in global marine fuel consumption is projected to drop to 56%, down from the current 98% [4]. Transition Pathways - The IMO aims to tighten greenhouse gas standards further from 2035, with a long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions in the shipping industry by 2050. Various new fuel options, including biodiesel, bio-LNG, bio-methanol, and renewable ammonia, are expected to become widely available in the 2030s [5]. - Shipowners are encouraged to invest in multi-fuel compatible power systems now to avoid asset idling due to fuel transitions, given the long lifespan of ships [5]. Technological Developments - The Wärtsilä Group is actively developing various ship propulsion systems to meet the evolving fuel system requirements, increasing its R&D expenditure to €296 million in 2024, which is 4.6% of net sales [6]. - The company has been a pioneer in developing LNG, LPG, and methanol propulsion systems, with the first ammonia-fueled ship expected to be operational by 2026 [6]. Carbon Capture Initiatives - Despite the anticipated rise in low-carbon fuel usage, oil and gas will still hold a significant share in marine fuels. Shipowners can reduce emissions by improving fuel efficiency and installing carbon capture systems [7]. - Wärtsilä has introduced a carbon capture and storage (CCS) system with a 70% capture rate, costing between €50 and €70 per ton, which has already been successfully tested on a vessel [7].

Core Points - The Shanghai Carbon Benefit platform officially launched on June 25, 2025, allowing citizens to convert carbon reduction from daily green behaviors into digital currency and various rewards [1][14][16] - The platform has gained popularity, with 130,000 users participating in the initial experience phase, demonstrating the public's engagement with low-carbon actions [16][18] - The carbon reduction mechanism aims to make carbon reduction actions visible, measurable, and rewarding, fostering a culture of low-carbon living among citizens [18][23] Group 1: Carbon Benefit Mechanism - The core of the carbon benefit mechanism is to enable various societal entities to see, quantify, and receive rewards for their carbon reduction efforts, thus motivating low-carbon lifestyles [18][19] - The platform integrates multiple daily life scenarios for carbon reduction, including public transport, shared bicycles, and electric vehicles, allowing users to accumulate carbon credits [24][37] - Each gram of carbon reduction corresponds to one carbon credit, which can be exchanged for rewards, enhancing the perceived value of low-carbon actions [16][27] Group 2: Platform Features and Structure - The Shanghai Carbon Benefit system is designed with a focus on individual carbon accounts, supported by a top-down approach that encourages government leadership, public participation, and market operations [23][24] - The platform has established a comprehensive and user-friendly carbon benefit system, addressing challenges such as data silos and limited reward options [19][25] - The carbon credit marketplace allows users to exchange their accumulated credits for a variety of rewards, thus linking individual actions to broader carbon market transactions [26][30] Group 3: Regulatory and Technical Framework - The Shanghai government has implemented a series of regulations and guidelines to ensure the effective operation of the carbon benefit system, including the establishment of legal attributes for carbon credits [32][33] - A standardized methodology for calculating carbon reduction has been developed, ensuring the credibility of carbon credits and facilitating their integration into the carbon market [33][34] - Blockchain technology is utilized to secure data and manage identities, enhancing the reliability and transparency of the carbon benefit platform [35]

Core Insights - The "Sustainable Development Ecological Cooperation Conference" was held during the "Third Shanghai International Carbon Neutral Technology, Products and Achievements Expo," focusing on green low-carbon projects and the establishment of a public service platform for green low-carbon supply chains [1][3] - The event saw the launch of multiple green low-carbon standards and the national debut of the Green Chain Platform's building carbon management section [3] - A carbon credit alliance was formed, emphasizing the importance of carbon credits in the market and the commitment of its members to adhere to operational rules and participate in industry practices [1][5][8] Group 1: Event Overview - The conference was guided by the Shanghai Baoshan District Development and Reform Commission and co-hosted by several organizations, including China Energy Conservation Association and China Urban Commercial Network Construction Management Association [1] - A total of 14 organizations participated in signing the "Carbon Credit Cooperation Consensus 2025," joining the "Carbon Credit Alliance" [1][8] Group 2: Standards and Platforms - Four green low-carbon standards were launched, including evaluation norms for efficient centralized air conditioning systems and sustainable development assessments for commercial complexes and life science parks [3] - The Green Chain Platform's building carbon management section was introduced, detailing its construction background and functionalities [3] Group 3: Carbon Credit Products - Three building carbon credit products were launched, including the first sports venue carbon credit product in Zhejiang Province and projects in Jilin and Liaoning provinces [5] - The total voluntary carbon reduction amount from these products was 10 tons, which was purchased and canceled by China State Construction Engineering Corporation [5] Group 4: Collaborative Efforts - Partnerships were formed between companies like Zhejiang Naha Petrochemical and United Equator for green finance cooperation, highlighting the strategic importance of green finance for local enterprises [7] - The establishment of the Carbon Credit Alliance aims to create a collaborative innovation platform involving government, professional service institutions, financial institutions, research institutes, and key enterprises [8] Group 5: Future Directions - Baoshan District is committed to advancing green low-carbon transformation and expanding the green low-carbon ecosystem, aiming to set a model for sustainable development [10] - The conference included discussions on the role of sustainable finance in facilitating the green transition of traditional industries and the development of carbon assets [10]