2025年7月29日，河南省驻马店市汝南县气温达到37℃（摄氏度），当地农民张全整夜没合眼。 这一夜，张全只重复一件事情——给自家二三十亩的庄稼地浇水。每块地大概两三亩，浇完一块地就得 挪动水管再浇下一块。第二天早上八点，他趁浇水的间隙赶紧回家匆匆扒了几口饭，又立刻返回田里继 续忙碌。 根据河南气象局监测数据，河南大部地区高温闷热天气持续至8月5日，而在此前的35天里，仅出现三天 下小雨的天气。驻马店是本次河南干旱最严重的地区之一，很多支流河道只剩下薄薄一层水，部分河床 已裸露在外，水井也近乎干枯。渴了数月的玉米无法依靠自己的根系获得水分，正逐渐萎靡。 张全算了一笔账：一天一夜连续浇水，仅油费就需要花100多元，加上化肥、种子等前期投入，这二三 十亩地一季的浇水成本预计有七八千元。对靠田吃饭的他来说，压力又重了几分。可如果不浇水，玉米 棒子就结得小且缺粒严重，这样的玉米很难卖出去。 这不是张全一个人的烦恼。今年夏季，河南、陕西、甘肃以及苏皖北部、山东等地经历了长时间的高温 少雨天气，旱情严峻。与此同时，北京、河北、内蒙古等地却降水偏多，甚至引发洪涝。 异常的天气让农民面临一系列的挑战：河南周口、驻马店持续干旱 ...

Group 1: Climate Change and Extreme Weather - Extreme weather events have become a norm, with global warming leading to more severe droughts and floods in specific regions [3][6][7] - The frequency of extreme weather events has significantly increased, with a notable rise in climate-related disasters over the past two decades [4][5] - China is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to its vast territory and complex geography, experiencing a higher rate of warming and natural disasters compared to the global average [5][6] Group 2: Agricultural Impact - Extreme weather is adversely affecting major grain-producing areas in China, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall impacting crop growth and increasing irrigation costs [3][13] - The growth of winter wheat is particularly sensitive to low-temperature periods, and insufficient cold weather can severely affect yields [13] - High temperatures can lead to increased water requirements for crops, further raising costs for farmers [13][15] Group 3: Preparedness and Response - Current preparations for climate change impacts are inadequate, with a significant gap between global carbon emissions and climate goals [9][10] - There is a need for a substantial increase in efforts to transition to renewable energy and improve agricultural infrastructure to adapt to extreme weather [10][16] - Agricultural companies must optimize crop varieties to withstand changing climate conditions, such as developing heat-resistant strains [15] Group 4: Economic Implications - Extreme weather events are likely to cause fluctuations in agricultural product prices, with "weather-related price hikes" becoming more common [17] - The impact of extreme weather on agriculture may necessitate new financial tools for insurance, including adjustments to disaster insurance designs [19] - Other industries, such as renewable energy and urban planning, will also need to adapt to the challenges posed by extreme weather [19][20]

在政策层面，国际组织和各国持续推进相关政策。国际标准化组织发布《全球环境、社会和治理（ESG）实施原则》，欧盟通过《企业可持续发展尽职调查 指令》等强化ESG信息披露，美国SEC出台气候披露新规，中国发布《关于加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见》等政策，完善绿色转型制度体系，主流 评级机构也更新了ESG评分模型。 重点议题方面，极端天气频发加剧气候风险，各国加强气候适应能力建设，企业需重视气候风险识别与管理；国际气候相关贸易政策兴起，欧盟碳边境调节 机制进入过渡期，英国将实施碳边境调节机制，碳足迹要求融入贸易政策；全球碳市场建设加快，中国重启全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场，巴西、新加坡 等推进碳市场立法，高质量碳信用成为关注焦点；转型规划在全球受重视，实体企业和金融机构积极制定并实施转型战略；生物多样性保护受关注，国际社 会推进"30×30"目标，各国出台保护政策，企业将生物多样性纳入ESG框架；循环经济成为应对资源环境挑战的关键，欧盟、中国等出台政策推动废弃物循 环利用，企业探索可持续商业模式；供应链安全和负责任采购重要性凸显，关键矿产资源争夺加剧，食品安全事件推动供应链透明度提升；人工智能在带来 积极影响的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and shortcomings in adapting to climate change in China, highlighting the need for improved awareness, tools, and public participation to effectively address extreme weather events and climate impacts [1][2][3][4][5] Group 1: Climate Change Awareness - There is a significant gap in public understanding of climate change, often described as a "boiling frog" phenomenon, where gradual temperature increases are not perceived as urgent [1][3] - The lack of localized climate data and tools contributes to insufficient public awareness and preparedness for extreme weather events [2][3] Group 2: Technical Challenges - Attribution detection of climate change impacts remains difficult due to limitations in spatial resolution, timeliness, and accuracy, hindering effective differentiation between normal climate patterns and those altered by human activity [2][4] - There is a need for research institutions to enhance attribution detection methods and develop user-friendly tools to improve the speed and reliability of climate impact assessments [4] Group 3: Policy and Strategic Framework - China has made strides in climate governance, having released national strategies and guidelines aimed at adapting to climate change, with a goal to establish a climate-adaptive society by 2035 [3] - The focus is shifting towards bridging the "last mile" in climate adaptation efforts, emphasizing the importance of local actions and community involvement [3][5] Group 4: Public Participation and Education - Engaging the public in climate adaptation efforts is crucial, with calls for educational institutions and organizations to promote awareness and knowledge about climate change [5] - Initiatives such as climate adaptation awards and the promotion of successful case studies are suggested to foster a supportive social environment for climate action [5]

Core Insights - Research from Monash University indicates that nearly 1/4 of the glaciers on Heard Island have melted since 1947, highlighting the significant impact of climate change on the region [1] Summary by Categories Research Findings - The study analyzed the contours and areas of 29 glaciers on Heard Island using topographic maps from 1947 and current satellite images, revealing that approximately 64 square kilometers of glaciers have melted, which accounts for about 23.1% of the island's original glacier volume [1]

《 人民日报 》（ 2025年08月06日 15 版） 据新华社悉尼8月4日电 （记者梁有昶、章建华）澳大利亚莫纳什大学4日发布新闻公报说，该校研究人 员发现，自1947年以来位于亚南极地区的赫德岛已有近1/4冰川融化，表明该岛受到气候变化的深刻影 响。 莫纳什大学研究人员日前在欧洲学术期刊《冰冻圈》上发表论文说，他们使用1947年以来的地形图以及 当前卫星图像等数据，分析了赫德岛29处冰川在1947年、1988年和2019年的轮廓、面积等特征。结果发 现，自1947年以来，赫德岛有大约64平方公里冰川已经融化消失，约占该岛原本冰川总量的23.1%。 (责编：卫嘉、白宇) ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need to address climate change impacts on agriculture, highlighting the vulnerability of small-scale farmers and the necessity for adaptive strategies to mitigate risks associated with extreme weather events [2][5][16]. Group 1: Climate Change Research and Impact - Initial research on climate change in China focused on glaciers, aiming to visually demonstrate the reality of climate change to the public [2]. - The urgency of climate change discussions has increased significantly since 2021, particularly following severe weather events like the 2021 Henan floods, which affected millions and caused substantial economic losses [2][3]. - Extreme weather events have been frequent in 2023, with significant impacts on urban infrastructure and agriculture, indicating a direct correlation between climate change and daily life [4][6]. Group 2: Agricultural Vulnerability and Adaptation - Agriculture, being highly dependent on natural resources, is among the first sectors to face challenges from climate change, necessitating a focus on smallholder farmers who are often the most vulnerable [4][5]. - Research indicates that small farmers are reluctant to abandon their land despite increasing climate risks, relying on traditional practices and community support to adapt [4][8]. - The study highlights the need for a robust protective framework to enhance the resilience of agricultural stakeholders against climate change [5][10]. Group 3: Policy and Community Support - The article discusses the evolution of policy regarding disaster prevention and climate adaptation, emphasizing the need for improved meteorological services and community support for farmers [11][14]. - Successful examples of community support networks have emerged, where agricultural cooperatives collaborate to share resources and mitigate climate risks [12][13]. - The report suggests that effective climate resilience requires a multi-faceted approach, integrating policy support, technological innovation, and local knowledge [14][18]. Group 4: Future Directions and Recommendations - The article calls for enhanced research on regional climate change impacts, particularly in sensitive agricultural areas, to inform long-term adaptation strategies [10][18]. - It stresses the importance of integrating climate adaptation planning with national strategies to secure funding and reduce adaptation costs for farmers [18][19]. - The urgency of addressing climate change is underscored, with a call for prioritizing climate action to prevent further losses and damages [19].

共和党全面推翻民主党能源气候政策 文｜《财经》记者 徐沛宇 编辑｜韩舒淋 在美国总统特朗普全球兜售美国石油天然气之际，美国能源部7月29日发布了《对温室气体排放影响美国气候的批 判性述评》（下称《批判报告》）报告。 该报告分为三部分，主题依次为：人类对生态系统和气候的直接影响、二氧化碳对气候变化的影响、气候对经济 和社会的影响。其核心观点是：人类排放的二氧化碳对气候变化的影响不确定，激进的减排政策对经济弊大于 利，美国对全球气候变化的直接影响微乎其微。 该报告为美国能源部出资，由五位来自气候、能源、物理、经济领域的学者撰写，《财经》梳理发现，其五位作 者都对主流气候变化的研究持质疑立场。美国能源部长克里斯·赖特在为该报告写的前言里表示，上述报告旨在推 动一场更具深度、基于科学的气候变化与能源的讨论。气候变化并非人类面临的最大威胁，能源贫困才是最大的 问题。美国在提供更清洁、更丰富的能源方面可以引领世界。 在全球有关气候变化的研究领域，最权威、最具影响的报告是由政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）发布的。 IPCC于1988年由联合国和世界气象组织成立，成员包括各国专家和政府代表，旨在为各国政府提供可用于制定气 ...

赫德岛是澳大利亚海外领地赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛的组成部分，位于珀斯西南约4100公里处。该岛面积 368平方公里，岛上无人居住。赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛于1997年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名 录。作为亚南极地区唯一的活火山群岛，这里具有特殊的冰川地貌。 研究人员计划今年晚些时候访问赫德岛，进一步研究冰川退缩会如何威胁当地生物多样性。莫纳什大学 地球、大气与环境学院院长安德鲁·麦金托什说，目前的测绘显示冰川正在显著退缩，未来冰川会否消 失，取决于人们如何排放温室气体。 新华财经悉尼8月4日电（记者梁有昶章建华）澳大利亚莫纳什大学4日发布新闻公报说，该校研究人员 发现，自1947年以来位于亚南极地区的赫德岛已有近四分之一冰川融化，表明该岛受到气候变化的深刻 影响。 莫纳什大学研究人员日前在欧洲学术期刊《冰冻圈》上发表论文说，他们使用1947年以来的地形图以及 当前卫星图像等数据，分析了赫德岛29处冰川在1947年、1988年和2019年的轮廓、面积等特征。结果发 现，自1947年以来，赫德岛有大约64平方公里冰川已经融化消失，约占该岛原本冰川总量的23.1%。 （文章来源：新华社） ...

Core Insights - The Mediterranean Sea is experiencing significant warming trends due to climate change, posing serious threats to marine ecosystems and the sustainability of fisheries [1][2]. Group 1: Temperature Changes - From 1982 to 2023, the average annual sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean increased by 0.041 degrees Celsius [1]. - Between 1991 and 2020, the surface temperature of Greek waters rose approximately 1.5 degrees Celsius, with the upper 200 meters of water warming by about 1.2 degrees Celsius and depths of 200 to 800 meters warming by around 0.9 degrees Celsius [1]. - Even at depths of 4000 meters, a temperature increase of about 0.2 degrees Celsius has been observed [1]. Group 2: Ecological Impacts - The warming of the Mediterranean is leading to multiple ecological issues, including changes in the structure and function of phytoplankton populations, which are foundational to the marine food chain [1]. - Invasive species such as lionfish are rapidly expanding due to increased sea temperatures, which is squeezing the living space of native species [1]. - Coral and sponge populations are experiencing mass mortality during heatwaves, leading to overall degradation of the ecosystem [1]. Group 3: Impact on Aquaculture - The rising sea temperatures are adversely affecting aquaculture, particularly species like mussels that have limited capacity to cope with extreme heat and cannot easily migrate, resulting in significant losses during heatwaves [1].