这些水稻是经过基因编辑，并注入"纳米疫苗"的实验组。实验结果显示，水稻纹枯病病情指数下降了 44%。 来源：科技日报 5月中旬，科技日报记者走进扬州大学海南试验基地，看到金黄色的稻穗粒粒饱满。科研人员拿着放大 镜穿梭在稻田中，观察水稻叶鞘上的病斑变化。 让人惊讶的是，在水稻分蘖期后，实现这一防控成效没有使用一滴化学农药，而是借助"基因编辑+诱 导免疫+物理屏障"等技术手段，为水稻穿上了一层"金钟罩"。 中国工程院院士、扬州大学教授张洪程评价说："这项研究开辟了作物抗病改良与生物农药结合研究的 新范式，为农作物病害防治提供了新的绿色方案。" 纹枯病影响我国水稻高产 纹枯病是由一种强腐性真菌感染引起的水稻病害。该病菌通过土壤、水源和病株进行传播，一旦严重侵 袭水稻，便会导致结实不良、粒重下降。因纹枯病具有传播范围广、感染性强等特征，一旦暴发就会造 成稻田大规模减产，给农业生产带来巨大损失。据了解，我国每年因纹枯病导致的水稻减产超百万吨。 纹枯病已成为影响我国水稻高产的主要病害之一。 张洪程介绍，传统的改良土壤环境、改善灌溉与施肥条件等农业防治手段，虽然能够实现纹枯病的被动 防御，但整体效率低、效果差，且往往治标不 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in gene editing technology, particularly focusing on the development of a new delivery system called ENVLPE, which enhances the efficiency and safety of gene editing tools [1][2][3]. Group 1: Gene Editing Technology - Gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 have revolutionized the field by allowing precise modifications of DNA, but challenges remain in delivering these tools effectively to target cells [1][3]. - New generation tools such as base editors and prime editors have emerged, offering safer and more precise modifications without cutting the DNA double strand [1]. Group 2: ENVLPE Delivery System - ENVLPE, which stands for "engineered nuclear cytoplasmic carrier for loading programmable editors," is a non-infectious viral-like particle designed to efficiently deliver gene editing tools to target cells [3][4]. - This system addresses two major limitations of earlier delivery systems: the instability of guide RNA payloads and the low packaging efficiency of functional gene editors in production cells [3][4]. Group 3: Practical Applications - In tests on genetically blind mice, the ENVLPE system successfully restored light response by repairing a mutation in the Rpe65 gene, demonstrating its therapeutic potential [5]. - Compared to existing delivery systems, ENVLPE showed superior performance, requiring over ten times less dosage to achieve similar therapeutic effects [5]. Group 4: Cancer Treatment Potential - ENVLPE also presents new possibilities for adoptive T cell therapy in cancer treatment by efficiently removing specific molecules from T cells that could trigger immune rejection when transplanted into non-donor recipients [6][7]. - This innovation could lead to the development of universal T cells, reducing treatment costs and increasing accessibility for cancer patients [7]. Group 5: Future Directions - Researchers are working to enhance the targeting precision of ENVLPE by integrating natural diversity resources and AI-assisted protein design technologies, aiming for a more specific and controllable delivery process [7]. - There is an active pursuit of funding and collaboration with pharmaceutical companies to optimize ENVLPE for various diseases, with the goal of advancing it towards clinical applications [7].

Core Viewpoint - A significant medical breakthrough has been achieved by a research team from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, marking the first instance of a patient-specific gene editing therapy successfully treating a rare genetic disease in a single patient [2][5]. Group 1: Disease Overview - The patient, KJ Muldoon, was diagnosed with Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency shortly after birth, a rare and severe recessive genetic disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 1.3 million newborns [5]. - CPS1 deficiency is the most severe urea cycle disorder, leading to ammonia accumulation in the blood, which can cause organ damage, particularly to the brain and liver, with a mortality rate of up to 50% in early infancy without timely treatment [7]. Group 2: Treatment Development - Traditional methods for treating CPS1 deficiency are limited and include dialysis, ammonia scavengers, protein intake restriction, and late-stage liver transplantation, which do not effectively prevent neurological damage [7]. - The research team utilized base editing technology, a next-generation gene editing technique developed by Professor David Liu, which allows for precise repair of pathogenic mutations without relying on DNA double-strand breaks [8]. - KJ's specific genetic mutations were identified, making him a suitable candidate for the base editing approach, leading to the rapid development of a customized therapy [8][10]. Group 3: Treatment Process and Results - The entire process of development, validation, production, and regulatory approval for KJ's therapy took only six months, during which he was hospitalized and required strict dietary management [10]. - KJ received the experimental base editing therapy in February 2025, followed by additional doses in March and April, with no severe side effects reported [13]. - Post-treatment, KJ showed significant improvements, including the ability to tolerate more protein intake, a reduction in ammonia scavenger dosage, and recovery from common childhood illnesses without elevated ammonia levels [13]. Group 4: Future Implications - The research team expressed optimism that the initial results could lead to similar outcomes for other patients and encourage further research into rare diseases using this method [16]. - The success of this case represents a potential paradigm shift in the approach to gene therapy, bringing the long-promised benefits of gene therapy closer to reality [16].

（原标题：突发，白宫坐不住了，美国痛失3A评级！基因编辑新突破，治愈罕见遗传病） 科学家用基因编辑成功治愈罕见遗传病。 穆迪下调美国主权信用评级 据新华社，当地时间5月16日，国际信用评级机构穆迪公司宣布，由于美国政府债务及利息支出增加，该机构决定将美国主权信用评级从Aaa下调 至Aa1，同时将其评级展望从"负面"调整为"稳定"。 穆迪发布公告说，评级下调反映出过去十多年来美国政府债务和利息支付比例升至显著高于拥有类似评级国家的水平。穆迪认为，持续的大规模 财政赤字将进一步推高政府债务和利息支出负担。与美国以往以及其他高评级主权国家相比，美国财政状况很可能会恶化。 对此，美国白宫批评国际信用评级机构穆迪当天下调美国主权信用评级的决定，称其为"政治决定"。白宫副新闻秘书库什·德赛在一份新闻稿中指 出："如果穆迪还有信誉，他们就不会在过去四年的金融灾难发生时保持沉默。" 白宫还将矛头指向之前的拜登政府，白宫发言人表示，"特朗普政府和共和党正致力于解决拜登留下的烂摊子，削减政府中的浪费、欺诈和滥用职 权……" 对此，美国民主党领袖舒默则称，穆迪此举"应该为特朗普和国会共和党人敲响警钟，让他们停止不计后果地推行赤字减 ...

Group 1 - The core point of the article is that Haida Group has invested 50 million to exclusively use a gene-editing technology for "spine-free grass carp" for a period of 20 years, which has sparked discussions in the industry [2][3][15] - The technology involves identifying and knocking out the key gene responsible for the development of small bones in grass carp, making it safer for consumption [5][6][8] - Currently, no gene-edited animals have been approved for market in China, which raises questions about the strategic reasoning behind Haida's investment in a technology that cannot yet be commercialized [12][14] Group 2 - The investment may be a strategic move to position the company ahead of potential regulatory changes that could allow gene-edited fish to enter the market in the future [19][20] - If spine-free grass carp becomes available for sale, it could address consumer pain points, enhance product value, and increase market acceptance [24][25] - The technology could strengthen Haida's competitive edge by creating a more robust supply chain and enabling the introduction of additional gene-editing technologies [26][27] Group 3 - The gene-editing technology could serve as a critical competitive advantage in the global aquaculture market, as countries like Japan and the U.S. have already approved gene-edited fish for consumption [17][18][30] - This investment may also prepare Haida for international competition by developing advanced breeding technologies that could lead to a stronger market position [29][31] - The transaction could potentially mark the beginning of a technological revolution in aquaculture breeding in China, paving the way for the first gene-edited fish to reach consumers [32][33]

Core Viewpoint - A significant medical breakthrough has been achieved by the research team from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, marking the first instance of a patient-specific gene editing therapy successfully treating a child with a rare and fatal genetic disease [1][4]. Group 1: Medical Breakthrough - The research titled "Patient-Specific In Vivo Gene Editing to Treat a Rare Genetic Disease" was published in the New England Journal of Medicine on May 15, 2025, detailing the development and treatment process of a customized in vivo base editing therapy [1]. - This success may pave the way for gene editing technology to be applied in treating rare diseases that currently lack medical solutions [1]. Group 2: Patient Case Study - The patient, KJ, was diagnosed with Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency shortly after birth, a rare and severe genetic disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 1.3 million among newborns [4]. - CPS1 deficiency leads to a toxic accumulation of ammonia in the body due to the lack of necessary enzymes for converting ammonia into urea, resulting in a high early mortality rate of 50% among affected infants [6]. Group 3: Gene Editing Technology - The FDA recently approved the CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing therapy, Casgevy, for treating two relatively common genetic diseases, sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, marking the first FDA-approved gene editing therapy based on CRISPR technology [6]. - Base editing, developed by Professor David Liu, is a next-generation gene editing technology that does not rely on DNA double-strand breaks and can precisely repair pathogenic mutations in the human genome [6]. Group 4: Development Process - The research team quickly identified KJ's specific genetic mutations and initiated the development of a customized base editing therapy, which involved collaboration between academia and industry [7]. - The entire process of development, validation, production, and regulatory approval took only six months, during which KJ was under medical supervision and followed a strict low-protein diet [7]. Group 5: Treatment Outcomes - KJ received the experimental base editing therapy in February 2025, followed by additional doses in March and April, with no severe side effects reported [9]. - Post-treatment, KJ showed significant improvements, including the ability to tolerate more protein intake, a reduction in the required dosage of nitrogen-excreting medication, and recovery from common childhood illnesses without elevated ammonia levels [9]. Group 6: Future Implications - The research team expressed optimism about the initial results and hopes that other patients may experience similar benefits, encouraging further research into rare diseases using this method [10]. - The promise of gene therapy, long anticipated, is now becoming a reality, potentially transforming the approach to medicine [10].

2025 年 05 月 13 日 农林牧渔 产能环比增加，5 月猪价或稳定微涨 生猪养殖：产能稳定微增，猪价短期内或小幅上涨 价格端：本周生猪均价 14.81 元/kg，周环比+0.14%，两周环比-0.50%； 仔猪价格 647 元/头，周环比-0.31%，两周环比-0.15%。根据 iFinD 数据，本周猪肉批发价格 20.82 元/kg，周环比+0.15%。 供给端：本周生猪日均屠宰量为 17.34 万头，周环比变动+1.89%。 周观点：根据涌益咨询数据，4 月能繁母猪存栏量环比+0.96%，同比 +5.21%，上月环比数值-0.25%。部分中型规模母猪场布局扩产，本月 新增母猪产能略有增加，计划根据下半年卖仔猪或明年自繁自养卖育 肥猪灵活操作。据 Mysteel 点评，5 月份出栏计划较四月份实际完成 微增 1.22%，出栏压力增加不明显，散户和二育集中出栏所造成的影 响有限，加上二育入场托底，大概率月度价格重心上移，均价水平或 高于四月。不过终端需求无明显改善，阶段性拉涨动力不足，因此价 格稳步小涨为主。 家禽养殖：白羽肉鸡持续稳定，分割品价格大稳小落 周观点：据我的钢铁网显示，本周种蛋价格下行调 ...

Core Insights - The research conducted by a team from Anhui Agricultural University reveals that the loss of freshness in tea is linked to a specific component called theanine, which has a flavor profile similar to monosodium glutamate [2][5][12]. Group 1: Theanine and Tea Freshness - Theanine is the most abundant free amino acid in tea, comprising 1% to 2% of the dry weight of early spring tea, contributing to its fresh taste [6][10]. - The content of theanine significantly decreases after the Qingming Festival as temperatures rise, sometimes dropping by more than half, which negatively impacts the flavor of later teas [12][13]. Group 2: Mechanism of Theanine Degradation - The research identifies the complete process of theanine degradation, highlighting the roles of mitochondrial carrier protein CsTHS1 and theanine hydrolase CsGGT2 [14][18]. - CsTHS1 acts as a "courier," transporting theanine from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, while CsGGT2 functions as a "decomposer," breaking down theanine, with both proteins' activity increasing with temperature [16][20]. Group 3: Implications for Tea Cultivation - The findings provide new insights for flavor improvement in other crops, suggesting the potential for precision breeding through gene editing, specialized fertilizers to maintain theanine levels, or shading techniques for smart cultivation to enhance spring tea quality [22][24].

Core Insights - The research team led by Professor Zhang Zhaoliang from Anhui Agricultural University has identified the reason behind the unique fresh taste of pre-Qingming green tea, attributing it to a specific amino acid called theanine, which significantly decreases after the Qingming Festival due to rising temperatures [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - Theanine is the most abundant free amino acid in tea leaves, comprising 1% to 2% of the dry weight in early spring tea, contributing to its fresh flavor [1] - The study reveals the entire process of theanine disappearance, highlighting the roles of mitochondrial carrier protein CsTHS1 and theanine hydrolase CsGGT2, which are influenced by environmental temperature [2] - As temperatures rise post-Qingming, the levels of CsTHS1 and CsGGT2 increase significantly, accelerating the breakdown of theanine [2] Group 2: Implications for Agriculture - This research not only uncovers the metabolic processes of theanine in tea plants but also offers new strategies for flavor improvement in other crops [2] - Potential applications include precision breeding through gene editing, development of specialized fertilizers to maintain theanine levels, and shading techniques for smart cultivation to enhance the quality of spring tea [2]

Group 1: Xylitol Market Overview - Xylitol is a natural sweetener found in vegetables and fruits, primarily extracted from corn cobs and sugarcane bagasse [2] - The global xylitol market reached a size of $1.2 billion in 2022 and is expected to exceed $1.8 billion by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% [2] - The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is the fastest-growing market for xylitol, accounting for over 50% of the global market share [2] Group 2: Industry Growth Drivers - The xylitol industry is expected to maintain stable growth due to the increasing health-conscious consumer trends and rising demand in emerging markets [2] - The food industry will remain the largest application area for xylitol in the coming years [2] - Advances in production technology, such as gene editing, are anticipated to enhance xylitol yield and purity [2] Group 3: Market Dynamics - The xylitol industry is likely to experience a new wave of consolidation and mergers due to intensified market competition [2] - Leading companies will enhance their market competitiveness through technological collaboration and resource integration [2]