以下文章来源于巴蜀养基场 ，作者九思万幸 巴蜀养基场 . 做好的理财经理教育，成为公募基金财富管理领域赋能的领先品牌，目前已服务280+金融机构和100,000+理财经理。提供降费降佣背景下的行业各项解决 方案（咨询、辅导、培训、基金产品测评、营销策划等服务）基哥 18608036474（V信同号） 2000年以来，A股清晰可见的其实有六次牛熊周期，这六次周期当中隐藏着一些对此时此刻的市场参与者非常有借鉴意义的规律。 （数据来源 c hoi c e，1999年8月2日—至今） 规律1：六次牛市（前五次）唯一不变的都是估值抬升 | 牛市区间 | 指数涨幅 | PE 抬升幅度 | 核心驱动 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2005.06-2007.10 | 513% | 18→55倍(+205%) | 股改+经济过热 | | 2008.11-2009.08 | 109% | 14→29倍(+107%) | 4 万亿+流动性 | | 2013.06-2015.06 | 159% | 28→69倍(+146%) | 移动互联网泡沫 | | 2016.02-2017.11 | 36% | 1 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between interest rates and valuations, emphasizing that not all declining interest rate environments will lead to valuation increases. It outlines two primary methods for valuation enhancement: through accelerated growth or rising ROE, and through a low interest rate environment [3][23]. Group 1: Valuation Enhancement Methods - Valuation can be enhanced through two methods: one is during the accelerated growth or ROE upturn phase, and the other is in a low interest rate environment [3][23]. - In a low interest rate environment, the valuation is influenced by both the numerator (ROE) and the denominator (interest rates and risk premiums) [4][30]. - The relationship between valuation and ROE is positively correlated across countries, while the relationship between valuation and interest rates varies, showing positive, weak, or negative correlations depending on the country [4][31]. Group 2: Scenarios for Valuation Increase - Valuation increases during a declining interest rate phase are most evident in environments of extreme liquidity, where short-term real interest rates drop significantly [7][42]. - If economic recovery is strong, valuations will rise alongside interest rates due to inflation expectations, as seen in the post-pandemic U.S. [8][47]. - In cases of economic deflation, profit and inflation expectations may lead to further declines in valuations, as observed in Japan in the 1990s and Italy in the 2010s [8][47]. Group 3: Valuation and Interest Rate Dynamics - The average PB valuation low point for developed countries is 0.85 times, corresponding to an average interest rate of 2.46% [9][10]. - The low point of valuations is influenced by fundamentals, while the low point of interest rates is determined by monetary liquidity [9][10]. - Countries with strong fundamentals (e.g., U.S., Japan, Germany, France) tend to see valuation increases in sectors with comparative advantages, such as consumer discretionary, technology, and healthcare [12][47]. Group 4: A-share Market Valuation Potential - As interest rates decline, the extent of valuation increases diminishes, indicating a reduced sensitivity of valuations to interest rates [15][17]. - For example, when interest rates are at 4%, a 20% decline leads to a 16.9% increase in valuation; however, at 1.6%, the same decline results in only a 9.5% increase [15][16]. Group 5: Sector Performance During Interest Rate Changes - In the A-share market, sectors such as utilities and coal saw valuation increases when interest rates fell from 3.2% to 2.2%, while sectors driven by economic conditions, like TMT, performed better when rates fell from 2.2% to 1.6% [17][20]. - The performance of stable assets may not yield excess returns in the later stages of declining interest rates, as market dynamics shift towards growth-oriented assets [17][20].