作者：袁闯，财信证券首席经济学家 1月19日，国家统计局发布数据显示，初步核算，2025年国内生产总值1401879亿元，按不变价格计算， 比上年增长5.0%。从环比增速来看，一季度GDP环比增长1.2%，二季度增长1.0%，三季度增长1.1%， 四季度增长1.2%。整体来看，全年经济运行节奏大体平稳，经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满实现，"十 四五"胜利收官，结构上继续向新向优。 内需方面，经济自发复苏动能仍待巩固。拆分投资因素来看，鉴于"反内卷"政策可能拖累部分制造业投 资、房价偏弱仍将制约房地产投资、财政政策继续支撑基建投资，预计2026年固定资产投资增速可能有 限回升。拆分消费因素来看，2026年预计"股市财富效应"对消费仍将发挥一定贡献，"收入效应"对消费 仍有一定制约作用，但伴随着切实改善民生、提升民众福祉，使消费行为从政策驱动转为自觉、可持续 的内生性增长，2026年消费将延续温和复苏态势。 外需方面，虽然2025年"抢出口"行为可能对2026年实际出口有一定"透支效应"，但在光伏等产品出口退 税政策调整、中美关税摩擦"烈度"降级、全球经济仍有韧性、中国出口企业竞争力提升等共同支撑下， 预计2026 ...

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating - No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core View - In 2026, the RMB exchange rate may show a stable and appreciating trend, with an operating range of 6.8 - 7.2 and limited depreciation space. Attention should be paid to its appreciation opportunities [2]. - The direction and rhythm of the RMB exchange rate in 2026 may depend on three factors: the central bank's regulation intensity of the central parity rate, the directional performance of the external US dollar index and the performance of the domestic equity market, and whether exports can continue to perform well [2]. 3. Summary by Related Information Recent Tracking - Recently, the offshore RMB exchange rate has performed stronger than the on - shore one, reflecting the weakening of the overseas US dollar and the increasing attractiveness of domestic asset returns, which has led to continuous inflows of foreign capital [2]. - Since the second half of the year, the market's willingness to settle foreign exchange has increased, and the year - end seasonal peak of foreign exchange settlement has provided a favorable environment for the RMB exchange rate [2][8]. - Recently, the central bank has continuously guided the central parity rate in the depreciation direction, with an adjustment range of about 180 basis points in the past week [2]. Exchange Rate Data - From November 2025, the offshore exchange rate has gradually become stronger than the on - shore exchange rate [6]. - The table shows the exchange rate data from December 18 - 24, 2025, including the Chinese representative rate, the estimated mean, and the spread [5]. Central Bank Policy - The central bank has increased the intensity of adjusting the central parity rate in the depreciation direction [11].

Core Viewpoint - The recent strength of the Renminbi (RMB) against the US dollar and a basket of currencies highlights a unique trend in the global foreign exchange market, with the RMB reaching new highs not seen in over a year [1][2]. Group 1: RMB Performance - The RMB has shown resilience against the US dollar, breaking through significant levels, with onshore and offshore RMB both surpassing 7.08, reaching 7.0786 and 7.07559 respectively [1]. - The RMB's central parity rate against the US dollar was reported at 7.0796, an increase of 30 basis points from the previous trading day, marking an annual increase of over 1000 basis points [1][2]. Group 2: Factors Driving RMB Strength - Analysts attribute the RMB's strong performance to both domestic and external factors, including robust economic indicators and increased capital inflows, as well as a weaker US dollar due to declining economic data [3][4]. - The RMB's appreciation is supported by a favorable trade balance and increased demand for currency conversion, driven by strong export performance and a recovering domestic capital market [3][4]. Group 3: Future Outlook - Short-term forecasts suggest that the RMB will maintain a strong position, with potential fluctuations influenced by the US dollar's performance and domestic economic policies [5][6]. - Seasonal factors, such as the traditional peak for currency conversion in the fourth quarter, are expected to provide additional support for the RMB's value [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - The Governor of Bank Indonesia anticipates that export performance will continue to remain positive following tariff negotiations with the United States [1] Group 1 - The positive outlook for exports is linked to the outcomes of recent tariff discussions with the U.S. [1]

Core Viewpoint - In May, China's export growth rate recorded a year-on-year increase of 4.8%, showing resilience despite a high base effect and a 3.3 percentage point decline from April, with trade surplus continuing to expand [1][2][12] Export Performance - The export performance in May is characterized by a slight decline but remains robust, primarily driven by re-exports and a temporary easing of reciprocal tariffs [2][12] - The high base from the previous year and significant reciprocal tariffs in early May suppressed exports, while direct exports to the U.S. continue to decline [2][12] - In the latter half of May, the easing of reciprocal tariffs and high export levels to ASEAN and other re-export countries provided support for exports [2][12] Quantity and Price Analysis - The analysis of export growth by quantity and price indicates a decline in quantity-driven growth, while price drag has narrowed [4] - The significant drop in quantity-driven growth is attributed to tariffs and high base effects, with raw materials showing a notable decline in quantity contribution [4] Regional and Category Insights - Exports to the EU (12.1%) and Africa (33.5%) showed a counter-trend increase, while exports to other regions, including Latin America (2.3%) and the U.S. (-34.4%), saw significant declines [6] - The increase in exports to the EU is likely benefiting from European recovery and improved China-EU trade relations, while exports to ASEAN remain high [6] Product-Specific Trends - Integrated circuits continue to see strong re-export activity, with a year-on-year increase of 33.7%, while other electronic products experienced varying degrees of decline [8] - In the automotive sector, exports increased by 13.7%, and shipbuilding exports surged by 44% [8] - Labor-intensive products like clothing (3%) and toys (-0.6%) showed mixed results, with textiles (-1.9%) and footwear (-5.5%) experiencing more significant declines [8] Import Dynamics - In May, China's import growth rate fell to -3.4%, a decline of over 3 percentage points from April, with imports from major trading partners, except the EU (0%), also decreasing [10] - The decline in imports is attributed to reduced demand for assembly materials and weakening domestic demand [10] - Notably, imports of agricultural products saw a significant rebound, with soybeans increasing by 22.6% [11] Trade Surplus - China's trade surplus expanded to $103.22 billion in May, reflecting a recovery from April [12] - Future export outlook suggests that the temporary easing of reciprocal tariffs will expire in a month, and ongoing monitoring of high-frequency indicators is necessary to observe potential turning points in re-exports and direct exports [15]