翁贝托·埃科（1932.1.5-2016.2.19） 翁贝托·埃科（Umberto Eco），意大利哲学家、符号学家、文学批评家、小说家。1932年1月5日出生于 亚历山德里亚，2016年2月19日于米兰家中逝世。今天是埃科逝世十周年。 埃科毕业于都灵大学哲学系，1956年即出版首部专著《托马斯·阿奎那的美学问题》，展开了中世纪研 究的序幕。1962年发表文艺理论著作《开放的作品》，成为意大利后现代主义代表学者。1964年任教米 兰大学期间开创建筑符号学研究。1971年，他在博洛尼亚大学创立了国际上第一个符号学讲席，1975 年，发表论著《符号学原理》。 1980年，埃科出版第一本小说《玫瑰的名字》，将其熟稔的中世纪历史、文化演绎为充满悬念的故事， 全球销量超1600万册，被译成35种语言并改编为电影。此后，他又创作了包括《傅科摆》《昨日之岛》 等在内的多部著名小说。 埃科的著作题材多样，种类繁多，有涉及中世纪神学、美学、文学、符号学、阐释学的研究著作，还有 诸多小说及杂文随笔，在此，我们仅挑选四本薄薄的小书，浅读埃科，领略这位大师的举重若轻。 《如何带着三文鱼旅行》 随笔 陈英译 上海译文出版社 页数: 2 ...

Core Viewpoint - Wang Yangming's philosophy, known as "Yangming Xinxue," is gaining global resonance and is a key topic in overseas speeches by Professor Li Bo from Nanjing Normal University [1][3]. Group 1: Yangming Xinxue's Global Influence - Yangming Xinxue has received enthusiastic responses in overseas speeches, particularly among overseas Chinese, highlighting their deep sense of belonging to their homeland [3]. - The philosophy, originating from Wang Yangming's enlightenment over 500 years ago, emphasizes the core idea of "unity of knowledge and action," which has been widely respected both domestically and internationally [3]. - Li Bo connects Yangming Xinxue with China's concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, suggesting that ancient wisdom can provide insights for contemporary global governance [3][4]. Group 2: Historical and Cultural Significance - Li Bo's book "Five Hundred Years of Wang Yangming" argues that Japan's modern rise is fundamentally based on Yangming Xinxue, indicating its significant impact on East Asian thought and culture [3]. - The philosophy has provided guidance and value to certain ethnic groups during its transmission in East Asia, showcasing its practical relevance [3]. - The assertion by Harvard Professor Tu Weiming that the 21st century will be the century of Wang Yangming underscores the enduring importance of Yangming Xinxue in addressing contemporary human civilization challenges [4].

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his impactful works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [1] - Krasznahorkai is recognized as one of the most prominent contemporary Hungarian authors, known for his complex and postmodern writing style [1][2] - His works often feature dystopian and melancholic themes, characterized by long, winding sentences that create a dizzying grammatical rhythm [1][2] Summary by Categories Author Background - László Krasznahorkai has received numerous prestigious awards, including the International Booker Prize and the National Book Award [1] - He is referred to as the "master of the apocalypse" by writer Susan Sontag, highlighting his thematic focus on existential dread [1] Writing Style and Themes - Krasznahorkai's writing is described as difficult to penetrate, often requiring readers to navigate a unique universe filled with recurring archetypal characters [1][2] - His narrative style is experimental, challenging traditional language limits and often leaving readers feeling lost initially, which is seen as a valuable reading experience [2][4] Notable Works - "The World is Advancing" is his second short story collection published after nearly thirty years, featuring significant contemporary themes and an experimental approach [6] - "The Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming" tells the story of a baron returning to his hometown amidst absurd rumors and societal chaos [8] - "The Melancholy of Resistance" is a long novel that explores fragmented narratives surrounding a giant whale brought to a town, reflecting societal fears and chaos [10] - "Satan's Tango" depicts a bleak village life filled with despair and betrayal, showcasing a unique narrative structure [12] - "The Mercy Relations" is a collection of short stories that exemplify his postmodern style, characterized by ambiguous settings and elusive meanings [14]

Core Viewpoint - The awarding of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai is seen as a recognition of his profound literary contributions that resonate with themes of human existence and the power of art in times of despair [1][3][12]. Group 1: Author Background and Works - László Krasznahorkai is known for significant literary works such as "Satan's Tango" and "The World is Advancing," and has also contributed to screenwriting for films like "The Turin Horse" [3][12]. - His interest in Chinese culture is notable, having traveled to China in the 1990s to retrace the steps of the poet Li Bai, reflecting his appreciation for Eastern classical culture [4][9]. - Krasznahorkai's writing style is characterized by long, complex sentences and a postmodern approach, often exploring dark themes and human flaws [13][26]. Group 2: Themes and Literary Style - His works frequently address the duality of hope and despair, illustrating the cyclical nature of human existence [7][8]. - The overarching theme in Krasznahorkai's literature is the exploration of a "disordered world," with a focus on the essence of existence itself, rather than merely political commentary [14][18]. - Critics describe his style as powerful and bleak, often employing black humor to convey deeper existential questions [16][20]. Group 3: Reception and Impact - The recognition of Krasznahorkai with the Nobel Prize is viewed as a significant endorsement of serious literature, particularly in the context of Eastern European literary contributions [24][25]. - His works have been translated into Chinese, making them accessible to a broader audience, and fostering a connection between Chinese and Eastern European readers [12][14]. - The complexity and depth of his writing present challenges for readers, suggesting that engagement with his work requires a serious commitment [24][30].

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Krasznahorkai László for his impactful works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [1] - Krasznahorkai, born in 1954 in Hungary, gained prominence with his debut novel "Satan's Tango" in 1985, which features a unique narrative structure and explores themes of hope and despair in a decaying village [1][2] - His writing style is characterized by long, winding sentences and a postmodern approach, often addressing dystopian and melancholic themes [2] Summary by Sections - **Author Background** - Krasznahorkai László was born into a Jewish middle-class family in Hungary and studied law and Hungarian literature at university [1] - He has lived in Berlin since 1987 and has traveled extensively across Europe, influencing his writing [2] - **Notable Works** - "Satan's Tango" (1985) is a significant work that helped establish his reputation, later adapted into a film by Béla Tarr [1] - "The Melancholy of Resistance" (1989) critiques Western civilization through a surreal narrative involving a circus and a whale specimen [2] - Other notable works include "War and War" and "Seiobo There Below," showcasing his exploration beyond Hungarian themes [2] - **Awards and Recognition** - Krasznahorkai has received numerous prestigious awards, including the International Booker Prize and the National Book Award [2] - He is regarded as one of the most prominent contemporary Hungarian authors, with his writing often described as challenging and profound [2] - **Chinese Translations** - His works available in Chinese include "Satan's Tango," "The Melancholy of Resistance," and collections like "Kind Relations" and "The World is Advancing" [3]

Core Points - The article discusses the recent controversies surrounding the "Wuhan University incident" and the behavior of individuals involved, particularly focusing on the aggressive attitude of a woman named Yang [2][3][20]. - It critiques the so-called "woke" culture, highlighting its contradictions and the violent tendencies that emerge from it, suggesting that this culture leads to a regression rather than progress [8][33][48]. Group 1 - The incident escalated due to Yang's brazen attitude, showcasing her strategies and the harm caused to others, including threatening court staff [2][3][20]. - The article points out the absurdity of certain feminist claims, such as the complete denial of inheritance rights to illegitimate children, which is seen as more primitive than feudal societies [5][6]. - It questions the motives behind the aggressive behavior of self-proclaimed progressive individuals, suggesting that their actions reflect a form of regression masked as progress [8][9][33]. Group 2 - The article describes how the "woke" individuals often impose their beliefs on others, viewing dissent as a form of evil that must be eradicated [10][14][18]. - It highlights the emergence of extreme views from both progressive and conservative sides, particularly in gender discussions, leading to harmful rhetoric [30][32]. - The piece concludes that the violent tendencies of the "woke" culture are not unique to them, as they can provoke a backlash that employs similar aggressive tactics [27][28][41].

Group 1 - The article discusses the contrasting ideologies represented by the candidates in the 2024 U.S. presidential election, highlighting political conservatism and a distorted form of neoliberalism known as "wokeness" [1][3] - Wokeness, which has gained traction since the 2020 Black Lives Matter movement, seeks to address social inequalities related to gender and race while promoting a multitude of sexual orientations and enforcing political correctness [1][3] - The article emphasizes the historical context of nationalism and its lessons from the 19th century, suggesting that the rise of wokeness has left many feeling uncertain about the future of globalization [3][4] Group 2 - The author traces the philosophical roots of wokeness back to postmodernism, which emerged in the late 20th century and challenged established truths, leading to a crisis of authenticity in contemporary society [3][4] - The book "Real and Virtual: Philosophy in the Post-Truth Era" analyzes the long-term factors contributing to the rise of postmodernism and its impact on global ideologies, including Marxism and neoliberalism [4][6] - The article argues that the scientific wars of the 1990s, which criticized postmodernism, did not resolve the ongoing crisis of authenticity faced by the modern world [6][9] Group 3 - The author proposes that a return to a philosophy of authenticity is necessary to address the challenges posed by wokeness and to understand consciousness and its origins [9][10] - The discussion includes the integration of scientific methodologies into philosophical discourse, suggesting that the legacy of 20th-century scientific thought can help navigate contemporary philosophical dilemmas [10][11] - The article highlights the relationship between artificial intelligence and philosophy, indicating that while AI can process language, it lacks consciousness, which raises questions about the nature of knowledge and understanding [11][12]