Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the innovative approach of utilizing marine space in a layered manner, allowing both aquaculture and offshore photovoltaic projects to coexist, thus breaking the traditional single-use model in marine resource management [1][2][3]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Guohua HG14 offshore photovoltaic project, approved by the State Council, is set to be the largest offshore photovoltaic project in China, with a planned capacity of 1000 MW and an annual output sufficient to meet the needs of 2.67 million urban residents [1]. - The project faced initial challenges due to existing legal usage rights for aquaculture in the same marine area, which had been granted to four companies in 2022 [1]. Group 2: Regulatory Changes - A new regulation from the Ministry of Natural Resources in 2023 encouraged layered rights allocation in marine areas, allowing for multiple uses of the same space without compromising safety and security [1][2]. - The local government in Dongying recognized the area as a testing ground for this new policy, leading to the development of a layered rights registration system [2]. Group 3: Implementation and Benefits - The implementation of layered rights allowed aquaculture to continue on the seabed while enabling the construction of photovoltaic facilities on the water surface, promoting synergy between the two industries [3]. - The first batch of photovoltaic units is expected to generate 1.78 billion kWh of clean electricity annually, saving 500,000 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1.34 million tons [3]. - The coexistence of photovoltaic panels and aquaculture has resulted in a mutually beneficial scenario, with the panels providing shade that enhances the growth of certain marine species [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the strategic importance of the marine economy in Shandong, which has achieved a marine production value exceeding 1.8 trillion yuan, contributing 23.9% to the province's GDP [1] - Shandong aims to enhance its marine economy by innovating and implementing a layered spatial management system for marine usage, allowing for diverse marine activities to coexist [2] - The integration of port, industry, and city development is a key focus for Shandong, with significant investments in infrastructure and a strong emphasis on collaborative growth among these sectors [3] Group 2 - The province plans to leverage international cooperation through forums and partnerships, aiming to attract global investment and enhance the competitiveness of its marine industries [4] - By 2027, Shandong targets to cultivate 20 marine characteristic industrial clusters and increase marine production value to over 2 trillion yuan [4]

Core Viewpoint - Shandong aims to cultivate 20 marine characteristic industrial clusters by 2027, with marine production value exceeding 2 trillion yuan, emphasizing the importance of marine economy in high-quality development [5]. Group 1: Marine Economic Development - Shandong's marine production value surpassed 1.8 trillion yuan last year, ranking second in the country, contributing 23.9% to GDP growth [2]. - The province is focusing on innovative reforms to enhance marine development, including establishing a comprehensive marine environment pollution governance system and promoting layered spatial rights for marine use [3]. - The integration of port, industry, and city is a key strategy for Shandong to expand marine economic development space and promote high-quality growth [4]. Group 2: Infrastructure and Investment - The Lianyungang Port area has six dedicated wood handling berths with an annual unloading capacity of 15 million cubic meters, forming a wood industry cluster with over 300 enterprises and an annual trade processing output exceeding 10 billion yuan [4]. - Shandong has invested nearly 43 billion yuan in the Lianyungang Port over the past five years, generating nearly 7.6 billion yuan in taxes and maintaining a high proportion of industrial output and profits from the port-related industries [4]. Group 3: International Cooperation - The upcoming 2025 Marine Cooperation Development Forum in Qingdao will attract participants from 68 countries and regions, promoting Shandong's marine open cooperation [4]. - Shandong plans to leverage the forum to connect with the Belt and Road Initiative and RCEP, establishing marine industrial parks and implementing blue economy cooperation demonstration projects [5].

Core Viewpoint - Hainan province is innovating its marine space management by implementing a three-dimensional layered usage rights system, allowing multiple projects to coexist in the same marine area, thus enhancing resource utilization and opening new avenues for marine economic development [3][5][6]. Group 1: Policy Innovation - Hainan has introduced a layered marine usage rights system, dividing marine space into four layers: water surface, water body, seabed, and subsoil, which can be allocated separately [5][6]. - The implementation of this system aims to resolve conflicts over marine space and improve resource utilization efficiency [6][8]. - The new regulations have gained national attention and are being promoted as a model for marine space management [5][6]. Group 2: Project Implementation - The Hainan underwater data center project is the first of its kind to utilize the layered marine usage rights, occupying only 14.46 hectares and demonstrating the potential of multi-layered marine development [4][8]. - Other projects, such as the bridge construction in Sanya and the aquaculture project in Lingshui, have also successfully utilized the layered approach, marking a significant shift in marine space management [8][9]. Group 3: Market Mechanism Enhancement - Hainan has developed a "land supermarket" platform where marine usage rights are made available for enterprises, increasing transparency and convenience in the application process [11][12]. - The "clean sea" allocation model allows for streamlined approval processes for aquaculture projects, significantly reducing the time and effort required for obtaining marine usage rights [11][12]. - As of now, 155 marine plots covering approximately 280,000 acres have been listed on the platform, with 18 plots totaling 38,600 acres already allocated [12].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the innovative approach of utilizing marine space in a three-dimensional manner, moving away from the traditional flat usage model to enhance efficiency and resource allocation [1][2] - The new regulations in Hainan focus on precise and shared utilization of marine resources, allowing for better management of overlapping projects and reducing conflicts [1] - The implementation of projects like the underwater data center and aquaculture facilities demonstrates the practical application of this three-dimensional space utilization, leading to significant improvements in productivity [1] Group 2 - The concept of "精打细算" (careful calculation) is framed as a necessary wisdom for development, highlighting the importance of technological and institutional innovation for sustainable growth [2] - Hainan's approach to marine resource management serves as a model for efficient and intensive use of ocean resources, aligning with the broader goal of maximizing the value of public marine assets [2]

Core Viewpoint - Hainan is innovatively implementing a three-dimensional layered rights allocation for marine areas, transforming the traditional flat usage model into a more efficient and harmonious coexistence of various marine projects, thereby unlocking new dimensions for marine economic development [2][4]. Group 1: Innovative Marine Space Management - The new approach allows for the division of marine space into four layers: water surface, water body, seabed, and subsoil, enabling different projects to coexist without conflicts over space [4][5]. - The implementation of this layered rights allocation is seen as a necessary choice to improve resource utilization efficiency and resolve conflicts in marine usage [5][6]. Group 2: Practical Applications and Benefits - The first project under this new model is the Hainan seabed data center, which occupies only 14.46 hectares across three layers, leaving the seabed space available for other uses [3][7]. - Other projects, such as the cross-Ningyuan River connection and the municipal connection project in Sanya, have successfully utilized layered marine space, marking a significant advancement in marine management practices [7]. Group 3: Regulatory Framework and Future Directions - The new regulations, effective from May 1, provide a solid legal foundation for the layered rights allocation, promoting a shift from two-dimensional to three-dimensional marine management [5][6]. - Future plans include further research and the establishment of mechanisms for the exit of inefficient marine usage, aiming for sustainable development of marine resources [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of marine ecological environment protection and the need for multi-layered and comprehensive utilization of marine resources in China, highlighting the shift from a flat management approach to a three-dimensional development model [4][6][7]. Group 1: Policy and Development Initiatives - The Central Financial Committee meeting chaired by General Secretary Xi Jinping called for enhanced marine ecological protection and comprehensive governance of key sea areas [4]. - The exploration of multi-layered marine usage rights began with pilot projects in Jiangsu and Fujian provinces to address overlapping marine usage needs [6][7]. - The Ministry of Natural Resources issued a notice in November 2023 to promote the exploration of layered marine usage rights for various projects, marking a significant shift in marine management practices [7]. Group 2: Economic Impact and Growth - China's marine economy is projected to exceed 10 trillion yuan in 2024, accounting for 7.8% of the national GDP [8]. - Guangdong's new marine industries are expected to generate an added value of 41.1 billion yuan, while Zhejiang has approved 180 layered marine usage projects covering approximately 165,000 acres [8]. - The innovative development strategy of the 1 million-kilowatt offshore photovoltaic project in Shandong combines solar power generation with shellfish farming, enhancing space utilization and overall development returns [8].