Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes that sugar itself does not directly damage teeth, but rather triggers a chain reaction led by bacteria that leads to tooth decay [1][3][6] - The process of sugar metabolism by bacteria produces acidic byproducts that can erode the enamel, the hardest protective layer of teeth [6][9] - Frequent consumption of sugary foods without proper oral hygiene can lead to continuous acid attacks on enamel, increasing the risk of cavities [11][9] Group 2 - It is suggested that controlling the frequency of sugar intake is more important than merely reducing the total amount of sugar consumed [14][11] - Eating sweets after meals is recommended as saliva production during meals helps neutralize acids and clean food residues [15][11] - Awareness of hidden sugars in processed foods is crucial, as many products contain added sugars that may not be immediately obvious [18][21] Group 3 - Strategies to minimize sugar's impact on dental health include choosing healthier snacks, reading food labels, and adjusting the order of food consumption during meals [22][24][29] - Regular dental hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day and using dental floss are essential for maintaining oral health [32][33] - Preventive measures like dental sealants for children and fluoride treatments for those at high risk of cavities are recommended [37][38] Group 4 - The article highlights the broader health benefits of reducing sugar intake, including weight management and prevention of chronic diseases [39][40] - Controlling sugar consumption can also improve skin health by reducing glycation reactions that accelerate aging [42][43]

Core Viewpoint - Diabetes is manageable through monitoring key health indicators and implementing scientific interventions, which can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life [4][21]. Group 1: Key Health Indicators - The article introduces 12 essential health indicators for diabetes management, including blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipids, which can be monitored at home or through regular check-ups [4][16]. - Fasting blood sugar should be maintained between 4.4-7.0 mmol/L, with levels above 7.0 mmol/L indicating a need for adjustment in nighttime glucose control strategies [5]. - Blood pressure should be strictly controlled below 130/80 mmHg, especially for those with kidney disease, while LDL-C should be below 2.6 mmol/L [6]. Group 2: Metabolic Management - Body Mass Index (BMI) should ideally be maintained between 18.5-24.0, and waist circumference should be less than 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women [7]. - Regular monitoring of urine microalbumin (less than 30 mg/24h) is crucial for early detection of kidney damage [7]. - Annual eye examinations and foot nerve assessments are essential, as these often provide early warnings of complications [7][9]. Group 3: Specific Health Monitoring - Liver function should be monitored regularly, with ALT and AST levels ideally below 40 U/L, as 70% of diabetes patients may have fatty liver [10]. - Uric acid levels should be controlled below 420 μmol/L for men and 360 μmol/L for women to prevent complications [11]. - Cardiovascular health screening is vital, as diabetes patients have a 2-4 times higher risk of coronary heart disease [12]. Group 4: Management Strategies - A scientific lifestyle management system is crucial for controlling diabetes indicators, emphasizing a diet low in glycemic index, saturated fat, and sodium, while high in dietary fiber [18]. - Exercise recommendations include daily activity for at least 30 minutes, five days a week, with heart rates maintained at a safe level [19]. - Medication should be individualized, with metformin as the first-line treatment, and regular assessments every three months to adjust treatment plans based on HbA1c results [19]. Group 5: Diagnosis Standards - Diabetes diagnosis requires strict laboratory testing standards, including fasting blood sugar levels and glucose tolerance tests [20]. - For asymptomatic individuals, a single abnormal test is insufficient for diagnosis; confirmation through repeat testing is necessary [20]. Group 6: Conclusion - Continuous monitoring and management of blood sugar and related indicators are essential to prevent complications associated with diabetes, ensuring a healthier life [21].