以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 屠强等 申万宏源宏观 . 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 作者： 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 屠 强 资深高级宏观分析师 贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 屠强、耿佩璇 摘要 一问："促消费"政策历史回顾？全国促消费针对大宗商品，地方以消费券为主，政策效果显著。 稳增长压力较大、外需承压时期，扩内需、促消费通常成为政策重要着力点。 我国促消费政策，或可分 为直接财政补贴，例如下乡补贴、以旧换新补贴、消费券等；间接支持政策，典型如汽车购置税减免、 假期高速公路通行费减免等。中央财政补贴的全国促消费力度更大、重点针对汽车和家电等大宗消费， 地方促消费以消费券为主、支持领域更多元。 首轮"下乡"政策效果显著，既与央地财政补贴有关，也得益于基础设施完善及长期制度改革。 2007-2012 年，央地累计投入补贴资金765亿元用于家电、汽车"下乡"。除补贴外，"户户通电"和无电户通电工程为 推行家电下乡奠定电力设施基础。同时2006年全面取消农业税后，农民一年减负约1250亿元；后续"四万 亿"计划亦为农民工"增收"，2010-2011年农民工人均收入 ...

屠 强 资深高级宏观分析师 贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 屠强、耿佩璇 摘要 一问："促消费"政策历史回顾？全国促消费针对大宗商品，地方以消费券为主，政策效果显著。 稳增长压力较大、外需承压时期，扩内需、促消费通常成为政策重要着力点。 我国促消费政策，或可分 为直接财政补贴，例如下乡补贴、以旧换新补贴、消费券等；间接支持政策，典型如汽车购置税减免、 假期高速公路通行费减免等。中央财政补贴的全国促消费力度更大、重点针对汽车和家电等大宗消费， 地方促消费以消费券为主、支持领域更多元。 首轮"下乡"政策效果显著，既与央地财政补贴有关，也得益于基础设施完善及长期制度改革。 2007-2012 年，央地累计投入补贴资金765亿元用于家电、汽车"下乡"。除补贴外，"户户通电"和无电户通电工程为 推行家电下乡奠定电力设施基础。同时2006年全面取消农业税后，农民一年减负约1250亿元；后续"四万 亿"计划亦为农民工"增收"，2010-2011年农民工人均收入同比20.3%。 2025年外需支持力度或有所减弱，"促消费"的重要性越发凸显。 今年关税或扰动出口，扩内需成为首要 任务。而设备更新周期接近尾 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of a more proactive macroeconomic policy as outlined in the Government Work Report, emphasizing the need for increased fiscal and monetary support to stimulate economic growth and consumer demand in the face of external uncertainties and domestic challenges [2][3]. Summary by Sections Macroeconomic Policy - The Government Work Report reflects the continuation of the macroeconomic policy approach established in the Central Political Bureau meeting on September 26, which aims to enhance economic recovery and consumer confidence [2]. - The report highlights the need for counter-cyclical adjustments due to rising external uncertainties and insufficient domestic demand, particularly in consumption [2][3]. Fiscal Policy - A more proactive fiscal policy is introduced, with the deficit rate increased to around 4%, amounting to a deficit scale of 5.66 trillion yuan, which is an increase of 1 trillion yuan from the previous year [5][9]. - The total new government debt scale is projected to reach 11.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.9 trillion yuan compared to last year [4][5]. Monetary Policy - The monetary policy is adjusted from "prudent" to "moderately loose," signaling a clear macroeconomic policy direction to the public [5]. - The issuance of special bonds is planned, including 4.4 trillion yuan in local government special bonds, which is an increase of 500 billion yuan from the previous year, aimed at investment construction and land acquisition [8][9]. Policy Implementation - Policies are to be implemented as early as possible to maximize their effectiveness, with a focus on addressing prominent issues and coordinating resources [6]. - The report emphasizes the importance of a cohesive macroeconomic policy approach, integrating various departments and focusing on key problems to achieve a synergistic effect [6].