Core Viewpoint - The U.S. stock market has experienced a long-term bull market since the 1980s, driven by economic structural transformation and the information technology revolution, leading to a significant increase in market capitalization relative to GDP, from 60% in the 1980s to over 200% currently [1][3][4]. Macro Policy: "Replacing Old with New" - The Reagan administration's "Replacing Old with New" industrial policy enhanced U.S. economic efficiency by promoting the exit of outdated industries and fostering high-tech sectors [16][19]. - Specific measures included expanding international trade to phase out basic industries, reducing subsidies, and stimulating high-tech manufacturing through tax reforms and military industrial development [16][19]. Micro Enterprises: Focus on Profit Quality and Shareholder Returns - Companies began to prioritize operational efficiency and shareholder returns, with a shift in market focus from growth narratives to profitability metrics, particularly cash flow [21][26]. - The introduction of SEC Rule 10b-18 in 1982 facilitated stock buybacks, allowing companies to manage their stock prices more effectively [26][27]. Asset Side: Incremental Capital Flow - Long-term capital has steadily flowed into the U.S. stock market, supported by the rise of institutional investors and changes in retirement savings plans, significantly increasing household participation in equity markets [32][33]. - The share of long-term investors, such as pensions and mutual funds, rose to 40% in the 1980s, enhancing market stability and price discovery [33][37]. Globalization: Continuous Inflow of Overseas Capital - The formation of a "dollar cycle" and the influx of overseas capital have been crucial for the long-term bull market, with foreign investors significantly increasing their holdings in U.S. stocks since the 1980s [40][42]. - From 1980 to mid-2025, foreign investors accumulated $2.36 trillion in U.S. stocks, compared to $633.3 billion from domestic investors, highlighting the importance of foreign capital in supporting the bull market [40][42]. Federal Reserve Put: Guardian of the Bull Market - The strengthening of the Federal Reserve's "put" option has provided market stability, with the Fed intervening during crises to support liquidity and market confidence [44]. - This trend began in the late 1980s and has continued through various market downturns, establishing a market expectation that the Fed will act to stabilize the stock market during significant declines [44].

来源：中金点睛 Abstract 摘要 1980年代以来，美股进入数十年的趋势长牛。经济结构转型与信息技术革命为企业带来了体量庞大且中短期难以证伪的扩张机会，而资金持续稳定的流入 将未来的经济潜力兑现为当下的股市估值，使得美股的增长幅度（即股市成长性）远高于经济增速（即经济成长性），美股市值占GDP的比例从八十年代 的60%涨至当下的超过200%。 当然，成长性想要持久，仍需各方支持性因素的呵护。 资产来看，政策和企业层面加速培育优质标的。宏观政策层面，1980年里根政府顺应全球化趋势，推动美国产业的"腾笼换鸟"，着力推动落后产能出清和 高新技术行业发展，扭转了美国经济效率长期下滑的趋势。企业层面，战后经济快速扩张阶段结束后，美国企业开始更加注重运营，高现金流企业在股市 中逐渐脱颖而出。金融政策改革也使得企业更加关注市值管理，特别是通过回购来提升股价。 资金来看，增量资金稳步流入股市。国内，受益于养老金体系的改革和金融技术进步，长线资金开始稳定流入股市，养老金、保险金和共同基金等专业投 资者的崛起逐渐起到了市场压舱石的作用。海外，美国从1980年代开启了趋势性贸易逆差，海外美元资金增多并回流美国完成"美元大循 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the long-term bull market in the U.S. stock market since the 1980s, driven by economic structural transformation and the information technology revolution, leading to a significant increase in market capitalization relative to GDP, which has risen from 60% in the 1980s to over 200% currently [2][5]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Policy - The "腾笼换鸟" (tenglong huan niao) policy initiated by the Reagan administration aimed to enhance economic efficiency by phasing out outdated industries and promoting high-tech sectors, which helped reverse the long-term decline in U.S. economic efficiency [16][17]. - The policy included measures such as reducing subsidies, promoting international trade, and stimulating high-tech manufacturing, contributing to productivity growth [16][17]. Group 2: Microeconomic Enterprises - U.S. companies have shifted focus towards profitability quality and shareholder returns, with an increasing emphasis on cash flow and dividends since the 1980s [17][23]. - The introduction of SEC Rule 10b-18 in 1982 facilitated stock buybacks, allowing companies to manage their stock prices more effectively, which became a common practice post-1980s [23][24]. Group 3: Asset Side - Incremental Capital Flow - Long-term capital has steadily flowed into the U.S. stock market, supported by the rise of institutional investors and changes in retirement savings plans, significantly increasing household participation in equity markets [28][31]. - The share of long-term investors, such as pension funds and mutual funds, in the U.S. stock market rose to nearly 40% in the 1980s, enhancing market stability and price discovery [31][33]. Group 4: Globalization and Foreign Capital - The globalization process initiated in the 1980s led to significant inflows of foreign capital into the U.S. stock market, with overseas investors accumulating $2.36 trillion in U.S. equities from 1980 to mid-2025 [36][38]. - The "美元大循环" (dollar circulation) phenomenon facilitated the return of overseas dollars to the U.S., further supporting the bull market [36][38]. Group 5: Federal Reserve's Role - The Federal Reserve's "put option" policy has provided a safety net for the stock market, with interventions during major downturns since the late 1980s, reinforcing market confidence [40][41]. - The Fed's increasing focus on stock market performance has been evident, with more frequent mentions of the stock market in FOMC minutes since the 1980s [40][41].