（来源：科普中国） 转自：科普中国 群夜3:00 lly 熬夜虽是一种慢死,却也是一种快活 快别熬了! rg I all 熬夜本来就很危险 而冬天熬夜 比夏天熬夜更危险! 我就不追究你是怎么出现的了,细说 R 1 你会更困 众所周知 熬夜一时爽,起床火葬场 如果在冬天熬夜 那你可有难了! 冬天的太阳比较弱 光照时间太短，强度也不咋够 漫 光 度 昭 夏天 2000 1500 1000 500 冬天 时间 21 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 它会直接影响到 你身体里褪黑素的分泌周期 导致分泌高峰整个往后移 褪黑素pg/m 60 夏天 冬天 30 成就像 0 小时 12 18 24 06 褪黑素这玩意儿 相信大家都不陌生吧 L 专业烘睡 能给你小猪一样的睡眠~ with 它这么一波动 首先肯定会影响你的睡眠质量! 简单来讲 该睡觉的点儿 它的分泌量迟迟上不去 导致你晚上睡得不沉、不踏实 对不起，帮不上你 英国南极调查局哈雷基地研究发现 极地冬季没有自然阳光褪黑素节律会被延迟 昼夜节律不同步与睡眠质量差、警觉性和 表现差相关 挪威一项大型研究发现 17.6%的女性、9.0%的男性报告冬季失眠 其 ...

这个病为何冬季易高发？董彦彬解释，关键在于"晒太阳少了"。"冬天白天短、光照弱，会导致大脑中 的'快乐激素'血清素分泌减少，而'睡眠激素'褪黑素分泌增多，一少一多的失衡直接引发心情沉重。"此 外，天冷时户外活动减少，运动和社交频次下降，进一步加剧了情绪低落。 针对这种情况，董彦彬给出了改善建议：多晒太阳，每天中午出门走路20分钟；坚持运动，促进血清素 分泌；多吃鸡蛋、坚果、深海鱼，这些食物中的营养可以帮大脑对抗坏情绪；主动疏解情绪，避免情绪 堆积。 董彦彬提醒，若情绪低落感持续超过两周，且影响饮食、睡眠等正常生活，务必及时就医。"情绪感 冒"和普通感冒一样，及时干预即可痊愈。据《科普时报》 气温一降，不少人会莫名变得情绪低落、懒得社交，这其实很可能是季节性情感障碍在作祟，和冬季的 气候特点密切相关。 解放军总医院第一医学中心医学心理科主治医师董彦彬解释，季节性情感障碍（SAD）俗称"情绪感 冒"，与抑郁症的核心区别在于"季节性"。"抑郁症发作多无规律，持续时间长且诱因复杂；而季节性情 感障碍像设了'季节闹钟'，天冷发作，天暖缓解，症状也相对轻微。"董彦彬介绍，其典型表现为情绪 低落、嗜睡、偏爱甜食，极少出现严 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses a recent study revealing the neuroimmune mechanisms behind social withdrawal during illness, suggesting that this behavior is an active choice driven by specific neurons in the brain rather than a passive response to physical discomfort [2][20]. Group 1: Research Background - Traditional views suggest that social withdrawal during illness is a passive reaction due to discomfort, but evolutionary biologists propose it may serve adaptive purposes, such as preventing disease spread and conserving energy [6]. - The research team from MIT and Harvard Medical School conducted experiments to explore the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior, focusing on cytokines as messengers between the immune and nervous systems [6]. Group 2: Key Molecule - IL-1β - In a large-scale behavioral screening, the study found that among 21 cytokines tested, only IL-1β uniquely induced social withdrawal in mice [8]. - The experimental design allowed mice to explore a runway, showing that those treated with IL-1β exhibited significant social withdrawal compared to normal mice [8]. Group 3: Identifying the "Loneliness Switch" - The study identified that IL-1β's main receptor, IL-1R1, is highly expressed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a key source of serotonin neurons that regulate social behavior [12]. - Over 90% of IL-1R1-expressing neurons in the DRN are serotonin neurons, challenging the traditional view that serotonin primarily promotes social behavior [12]. Group 4: Causal Relationship Verification - The research confirmed that activating IL-1R1 neurons led to social withdrawal even without immune challenges, while inhibiting these neurons prevented social withdrawal induced by IL-1β [14][15]. - Gene knockout experiments showed that specifically knocking out IL-1R1 in DRN neurons completely blocked IL-1β-induced social withdrawal without affecting motor suppression [16]. Group 5: Real-World Implications - The study's findings were validated in a natural social environment, where IL-1β-treated mice actively isolated themselves from companions, demonstrating that social withdrawal is a conscious choice during illness [18]. - Both peripheral and central IL-1β contribute to this process, creating a self-reinforcing cycle that prolongs social withdrawal, with microglia playing a crucial role [18]. Group 6: Broader Implications - This research provides insights into the neuroimmune interactions that may help understand social withdrawal in certain mental disorders, such as depression, which often accompanies inflammatory states [20]. - The findings highlight the complexity of the dialogue between the brain and immune system, suggesting that the desire for solitude during illness is a biologically sophisticated self-protection strategy shaped by natural selection [20].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the interplay between consumer psychology and commercial strategies, emphasizing how understanding psychological triggers can enhance marketing effectiveness and consumer engagement [4][24]. Group 1: Consumer Psychology - The "Diderot Effect" explains that consumers often seek to acquire additional items to achieve a sense of balance after purchasing a new item, leading to fluctuating shopping decisions influenced by external stimuli [4]. - Freud's theory of personality structure (id, ego, superego) is applied to consumer behavior, where impulsive buying (id) is stimulated by immediate rewards, rational decision-making (ego) is facilitated by comparison tools, and social image (superego) influences luxury purchases [5]. - The concept of "peak-end rule" suggests that consumer memory is shaped by the most intense moments and the final impressions of their experiences, which can be leveraged by businesses to enhance customer satisfaction [8][10]. Group 2: Market Trends and Strategies - The rise of subcultures and niche markets is highlighted, with examples like "Lolita" fashion and Tesla's Cybertruck, showing how social media can amplify niche trends into mainstream phenomena [7]. - The article outlines how community-driven consumption, such as group buying and social media engagement, can create a sense of belonging and drive sales [13]. - The "4 types of human weaknesses" (greed, addiction, laziness, vanity) are identified as key drivers in consumer behavior, with specific marketing strategies designed to exploit these traits [14][15]. Group 3: Emotional and Neurological Influences - The emotional journey of consumers is described through the AIPL model (Awareness, Interest, Purchase, Loyalty), emphasizing the importance of building trust and emotional connections with consumers [17]. - Four key hormones (dopamine, endorphins, oxytocin, serotonin) are discussed in the context of marketing, illustrating how businesses can stimulate these hormones to enhance consumer engagement and purchasing behavior [19]. - Common psychological principles such as anchoring effect, loss aversion, and scarcity are outlined as effective tools in influencing consumer decisions [22][23]. Group 4: Conclusion - The article concludes that modern consumption is a complex interplay of human psychology, marketing strategies, and emotional triggers, suggesting that businesses that understand these dynamics can better navigate the competitive landscape [24].

Core Insights - The article discusses the phenomenon of "waking up grumpy," scientifically known as "sleep inertia," which can negatively impact emotions, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Factors Contributing to Morning Irritability - Sleep inertia is a significant factor leading to waking up grumpy, as the brain's awakening centers activate while emotional regulation areas are still inactive, causing emotional misinterpretation [1] - The characteristics of sleep cycles, particularly waking during the rapid eye movement (REM) phase, can lead to emotional instability due to increased heart rate and brain activity while muscles remain relaxed [1] - Skipping breakfast can increase the likelihood of waking up grumpy, as low serotonin levels from not eating can lead to feelings of fatigue and low mood [1][2] Strategies to Alleviate Morning Irritability - Establishing good sleep habits, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleep environment, can enhance sleep quality and reduce morning irritability [3] - Gradual awakening methods, such as using soothing sounds or natural light, can help the brain adjust to waking up, reducing stress responses [4] - Adopting a positive mindset upon waking can help mitigate discomfort and negative emotions, encouraging individuals to set small goals or engage in enjoyable activities [5] - Consuming a nutritious breakfast, including proteins and vitamins, can help stabilize mood and energy levels, making mornings more pleasant [6][7]

Core Viewpoint - Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have shown promise in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is limited to less than 25% of patients, highlighting the need for new immune checkpoints to enhance T cell responses against tumors [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published by a team from UCLA identified the serotonin transporter (SERT) as a new immune checkpoint that inhibits antitumor immunity [2]. - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly used antidepressants, significantly enhance T cell anti-cancer capabilities and suppress tumor growth in various cancer models [2][10]. - The research demonstrated that SSRIs reduced tumor size by over 50% on average and improved the effectiveness of T cells in killing cancer cells [10]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - SERT depletes serotonin secreted by intratumoral T cells, thereby inhibiting CD8 T cell antitumor responses [11]. - SSRIs were found to work synergistically with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, a common ICB therapy, leading to significant tumor size reduction and even complete remission in some mouse models [16]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - Approximately 20% of cancer patients are on antidepressants, primarily SSRIs, presenting an opportunity to explore their impact on cancer treatment outcomes [18]. - The potential for SSRIs to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer therapies could lead to significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy [19]. - The cost of repurposing FDA-approved drugs like SSRIs for cancer treatment is significantly lower than developing new therapies, making this approach particularly promising [19].

Core Insights - The article discusses the impact of diet on mental health, emphasizing foods that can enhance mood and alleviate negative emotions such as anxiety and depression [1][2]. Group 1: Happy Hormones - Four key "happy hormones" are identified: dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and endorphins, each playing a significant role in regulating emotions and overall well-being [2]. Group 2: Food Categories for Emotional Well-being - Carbohydrates are essential for energy and can reduce the risk of depression; a daily intake of 200g-300g of complex carbohydrates is recommended [3][4]. - Foods rich in vitamins, particularly B6 and B12, are crucial for the production of dopamine and serotonin, with sources including yeast, liver, and lean meats [4]. - Foods high in tyrosine, such as seafood, poultry, and dairy, promote dopamine secretion [5]. - Healthy fats, particularly those containing omega-3 fatty acids, are important for mood regulation and should be consumed in moderation, around 25-30 grams per day [5]. - Foods rich in calcium and magnesium help in the secretion of mood-regulating hormones and can alleviate anxiety [6]. Group 3: Natural Mood Stabilizers - Bananas are highlighted for their comprehensive nutrient profile, including carbohydrates and B vitamins, which help stabilize mood [7]. - Cocoa powder, rich in magnesium, promotes the secretion of "happy hormones" and can alleviate stress [7]. - Pistachios are noted for their high-quality fats and melatonin content, beneficial for sleep and mood [8].