文/陈永伟 2025年的帷幕已经落下，这一年中，AI行业无疑走过了极具里程碑意义的一程。从技术范式的革新， 到商业逻辑的重构，从产业应用的落地，到全球规则的博弈，这一年既有突破，也留下诸多思考。 鉴于AI发展错综复杂，这里只能从十个侧面做一个简要回顾。 一、多模融合 过去几年中，AI大模型在文字、推理等方面进展神速，但它们多模态能力的发展却相对迟缓，这在很 大程度上限制了其能力的发挥。比如，在4.0版本之前，GPT虽然已经能写诗、会编程，但既看不见、 也画不出，如果用户想让它分析一张图片讲了什么，或是根据要求生成一张图片，它就显得力不从心。 虽然从2024年开始，AI开发者们就开始大力发展模型的多模态能力，但在相当长一段时间里，这些努 力仍然主要集中在对既有模型进行组合——文本一个系统，图像一个系统，语音再来一个系统，然后用 工程手段把它们拼在一起。这样的模型可以完成一些多模态任务，但由于各系统之间存在协调问题，其 能力局限性一直十分明显。到了2025年，越来越多的开发者不再满足于这种"拼装式"方案，转而开始设 计"原生多模态"模型，从训练之初起，就让模型在同一个体系里同时处理文本、图像、音频、视频等信 息。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that the competition for critical minerals has evolved from traditional trade to a strategic battle over rules and regulations, with significant implications for national development rights [1][3]. - Critical minerals, such as lithium, cobalt, and rare earths, are essential for the digital age and are compared to "oil of the 21st century," highlighting their strategic value in the new energy era [3]. - China's comprehensive industrial chain in critical minerals, developed through years of technological accumulation and market expansion, contrasts with the G7's approach of forming exclusive alliances [3][6]. Group 2 - The G7's initiative to form a minerals alliance reflects a pragmatic attitude towards international rules, which may undermine market order and create a dual standard in global trade [5][6]. - China's advantage in the critical minerals sector is attributed to continuous innovation in extraction technology and environmental processes, rather than trade protectionism [6][8]. - The establishment of a global supply chain network by Chinese companies, from cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo to nickel mines in Indonesia, showcases a stark contrast to the G7's closed alliance model [8]. Group 3 - The potential negative impacts of the G7's minerals alliance include increased costs for global clean energy, disruption of existing supply chains, and risks of fragmentation in the international trade system [10]. - China's commitment to open cooperation in the face of geopolitical competition is underscored by its focus on maintaining legitimate rights while promoting collaborative efforts for mutual benefit [10][12]. - The future competition in the critical minerals sector will hinge on the ability to build inclusive and equitable global industrial chains, rather than forming exclusive clubs [12].