Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Report's Core View - For lead, due to no expected increase in lead concentrate imports, stable increase in primary lead production, and high costs and low production in the secondary lead sector, along with the transition from the off - season to the peak season in demand, lead prices are expected to oscillate upwards but with limited upside due to inventory accumulation risks [1]. - For zinc, with sufficient raw material reserves in smelters, improved supply of zinc concentrates, and weak downstream demand, zinc prices have rebounded recently but the upside is limited. Attention should be paid to short - selling opportunities after the disappearance of positive factors [1]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs a. Price and Market Data - **Lead**: SMM1 lead ingot average price was 16,975 yuan/ton, down 0.29%; futures main contract closing price was 17,210 yuan/ton, down 0.49%; LME3 - month lead futures closing price was 2,057 dollars/ton; the ratio of Shanghai - London lead prices was 8.37, down 0.49% [1]. - **Zinc**: SMM1 zinc ingot average price was 22,200 yuan/ton, down 0.63%; futures main contract closing price was 22,090 yuan/ton, down 1.43%; LME3 - month zinc futures closing price was 2,735.5 dollars/ton; the ratio of Shanghai - London zinc prices was 8.08, down 1.43% [1]. b. Inventory - **Lead**: As of July 7, SMM lead ingot five - location inventory was 5.79 million tons, up 0.15 million tons from June 30 and 0.1 million tons from July 3 [1]. - **Zinc**: As of July 7, SMM zinc ingot seven - location inventory was 8.91 million tons, up 0.85 million tons from June 30 and 0.67 million tons from July 3 [1]. c. Production News - The Xinjiang Huoshaoyun 600,000 - ton lead - zinc smelting project, built by China Wuye Group, has been put into production. After reaching full capacity, it can process 2.5 million tons of lead - zinc ore annually, producing 560,000 tons of zinc ingots and 110,000 tons of lead ingots [1]. d. Market Analysis - **Lead**: Lead concentrate imports have no expected increase, processing fees are likely to rise, primary lead production is stable, and secondary lead production is limited by high costs. Demand is transitioning from the off - season to the peak season [1]. - **Zinc**: Zinc smelters have sufficient raw materials, zinc concentrate supply has improved, and downstream demand is weak, mainly for just - in - time replenishment [1].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints - Lead prices have continued to rise supported by raw materials and reduced production at secondary lead plants, but the lack of peak season demand and inventory accumulation risks limit further upward momentum [1] - Zinc prices have rebounded due to positive macro - sentiment and supply - side disturbances, but the rebound suppresses downstream purchasing, and inventory accumulation suggests limited upside potential, with opportunities to short after positive factors fade [1] Summary by Relevant Catalogs Lead Market Price and Spread - The average price of SMM1 lead ingots decreased by 0.29% to 16,950 yuan/ton, and the closing price of the main futures contract rose by 0.44% to 17,200 yuan/ton. The basis of Shanghai lead decreased by 125 yuan/ton to - 250 yuan/ton [1] - The LME 0 - 3 spread decreased by 5.43 dollars/ton to - 27.57 dollars/ton, and the LME 3 - 15 spread increased by 3.40 dollars/ton to - 54.60 dollars/ton [1] Trading Volume and Open Interest - The trading volume of the active futures contract decreased by 20.49% to 32,321 lots, and the open interest decreased by 0.76% to 51,408 lots. The trading volume to open interest ratio decreased by 19.88% to 0.63 [1] Inventory - LME lead inventory remained unchanged at 271,925 tons, and Shanghai lead warehouse receipts increased by 0.88% to 46,288 tons. As of June 30, SMM lead ingot five - location inventory was 5.63 tons, up from previous weeks [1] Fundamental Information - A large secondary lead smelter in East China had poor production in June and may cut production in July. Lead concentrate imports are not expected to increase, and processing fees are likely to rise [1] - Secondary lead smelters face raw material shortages and cost inversion, leading to reduced production. Demand is expected to improve as it transitions from the off - season to the peak season [1] Zinc Market Price and Spread - The average price of SMM1 zinc ingots decreased by 0.36% to 22,420 yuan/ton, and the closing price of the main futures contract rose by 0.38% to 22,495 yuan/ton. The basis of Shanghai zinc decreased by 165 yuan/ton to - 75 yuan/ton [1] - The LME 0 - 3 spread decreased by 9.99 dollars/ton to - 10.23 dollars/ton, and the LME 3 - 15 spread decreased by 6.11 dollars/ton to - 44.83 dollars/ton [1] Trading Volume and Open Interest - The trading volume of the active futures contract decreased by 28.74% to 160,924 lots, and the open interest decreased by 1.57% to 140,186 lots. The trading volume to open interest ratio decreased by 27.60% to 1.15 [1] Inventory - LME zinc inventory remained unchanged at 117,475 tons, and Shanghai zinc warehouse receipts increased by 11.06% to 7,077 tons. As of June 30, SMM zinc ingot seven - location inventory was 8.06 tons, up from previous weeks [1] Fundamental Information - Zinc smelters have sufficient raw material inventory, and zinc concentrate processing fees are rising. The production of zinc smelters is expected to increase [1] - Zinc price rebounds suppress downstream purchasing, and demand is mainly for replenishing inventory as needed [1] Industry News - Sulliden Mining Capital Inc. acquired a 48% stake in a nickel, zinc, and lead exploration project in Poland, which includes two concessions [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The rebound of lead and zinc prices has limited sustainability. For lead, although the price has been rising due to raw material and production cuts in secondary lead, the downstream has not entered the peak season, and there is a risk of inventory accumulation, which restricts the upward momentum. For zinc, although the price has rebounded due to positive macro - sentiment and supply - side disturbances, the rebound may suppress downstream purchasing enthusiasm, and the rebound space is expected to be limited [1]. Summary by Related Information Lead - related Information - **Price and Market Indicators**: On June 30, 2025, the average price of SMM1 lead ingots was 17,000 yuan/ton with no change; the closing price of the main futures contract of Shanghai lead was 17,125 yuan/ton, down 0.58%; the Shanghai lead basis was - 125 yuan/ton, up 100 yuan; the trading volume of the active futures contract was 40,650 lots, down 22.78%; the open interest was 51,800 lots, up 1.21%; the trading - to - open - interest ratio was 0.78, down 23.70%; the LME inventory was 273,425 tons with no change; the Shanghai lead warehouse receipt inventory was 45,885 tons, up 1.34%; the closing price of LME 3 - month lead futures (electronic trading) was 2,041.50 dollars/ton, up 0.15%; the Shanghai - London lead price ratio was 8.39, down 0.73% [1]. - **Enterprise Operating Rates**: From June 21 to June 27, the weekly operating rate of SMM primary lead enterprises was 66.21%, down 3.8 percentage points month - on - month; the weekly operating rate of secondary lead enterprises was 34.6%, up 4.9 percentage points month - on - month; the weekly operating rate of lead - acid battery enterprises was 68.77%, down 4.05 percentage points month - on - month [1]. - **Enterprise Output**: According to Tibet珠峰's 2024 annual report, the total output of lead, zinc, and copper concentrate products was 93,700 tons, including 45,100 tons of lead metal (up 19.22% year - on - year), 47,500 tons of zinc metal (up 5.39% year - on - year), 1,149 tons of copper metal (up 28.99% year - on - year), and 74.27 tons of silver metal [1]. - **Fundamentals**: There is no expected increase in lead concentrate imports, and processing fees are likely to rise. The operation of primary lead is stable with a slight increase. For secondary lead, the price of waste lead - acid batteries has been rising, raw materials are in short supply, and some refineries have cut or stopped production. The demand side is transitioning from the off - season to the peak season, and downstream purchasing is expected to improve, but there is still a risk of inventory accumulation [1]. Zinc - related Information - **Price and Market Indicators**: On June 30, 2025, the average price of SMM1 zinc ingots was 22,500 yuan/ton, up 1.40%; the closing price of the main futures contract of Shanghai zinc was 22,410 yuan/ton, up 0.76%; the Shanghai zinc basis was 140 yuan/ton, up 90 yuan; the trading volume of the active futures contract was 225,824 lots, up 34.33%; the open interest was 142,428 lots, up 5.01%; the trading - to - open - interest ratio was 1.59, up 27.93%; the LME inventory was 119,225 tons with no change; the Shanghai zinc warehouse receipt inventory was 6,372 tons, down 1.56%; the closing price of LME 3 - month zinc futures (electronic trading) was 2,778.50 dollars/ton, up 0.31%; the Shanghai - London zinc price ratio was 8.07, up 0.46% [1]. - **Enterprise Operating Rates**: From June 21 to June 27, the weekly operating rate of galvanizing enterprises was 56.21%, down 2.39 percentage points month - on - month; the weekly operating rate of die - casting zinc alloy enterprises was 46.54%, down 8.58 percentage points month - on - month; the weekly operating rate of zinc oxide enterprises was 58.72%, down 0.28 percentage points month - on - month [1]. - **Supply - side News**: In July, a zinc mine in North China plans to conduct maintenance for about 10 days, which will affect about 1,500 metal tons of zinc concentrate; as of June 27, the total inventory of zinc concentrate at major Chinese ports was 313,000 tons, a decrease of 12,000 tons from the previous week [1]. - **Fundamentals**: Refineries have sufficient raw material inventories, and zinc concentrate processing fees are rising. The tight supply of zinc concentrate has improved, the restriction on refinery production due to raw material shortages has weakened, and the cost - side support has decreased. The demand side is weak, and downstream enterprises mainly replenish inventory as needed [1].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - For lead, the price has been rising due to support from raw materials and reduced production in the secondary lead sector, but the downstream market has not entered the peak season yet, and there is a risk of inventory accumulation, so the upward momentum of the lead price is limited, and attention should be paid to the pressure around 17,500 yuan/ton [1] - For zinc, the short - term zinc price is expected to fluctuate strongly in a narrow range, but the rebound space may be limited. Attention should be paid to the trading opportunities after the elimination of favorable factors [1] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Lead Price and Spread - The average price of SMM1 lead ingots increased by 0.44% compared with the previous day, and the closing price of the main contract of Shanghai lead futures rose by 0.35% compared with the previous day. The basis of Shanghai lead was - 225 yuan/ton, an increase of 15 yuan/ton [1] - The spread between different contracts of Shanghai lead futures showed various changes, such as the spread between the near - month and the first - continuous contract being - 35 yuan/ton, a decrease of 10 yuan/ton [1] Trading Volume and Open Interest - The trading volume of the active futures contract was 52,643 lots, an increase of 45.33%, and the open interest was 51,182 lots, an increase of 237.77%. The trading - to - open - interest ratio was 1.03, a decrease of 56.97% [1] Inventory - The LME inventory remained unchanged at 273,250 tons, and the Shanghai lead warehouse receipt inventory increased by 1.37% to 45,278 tons. As of June 26, the total inventory of SMM lead ingots in five regions was 56,000 tons, remaining unchanged compared with June 19 and increasing by more than 300 tons compared with June 23 [1] Fundamental Information - There is no expected increase in lead concentrate imports, and the processing fee is likely to rise. The operation of primary lead is stable with a slight increase. For secondary lead, the price of waste lead - acid batteries has been rising, and the supply of recyclers is limited. Some secondary lead smelters have reduced or suspended production due to raw material shortages or cost inversion, and the finished product inventory of secondary lead is increasing [1] - The demand side is gradually shifting from the off - season to the peak season, and downstream procurement is expected to improve, which may reduce the drag on the lead price [1] Zinc Price and Spread - The average price of SMM1 zinc ingots increased by 0.27% compared with the previous day, and the closing price of the main contract of Shanghai zinc futures rose by 0.88% compared with the previous day. The basis of Shanghai zinc was - 50 yuan/ton, a decrease of 135 yuan/ton [1] - The spreads between different contracts of Shanghai zinc futures and the spreads in different regions showed various changes, such as the spread between the near - month and the first - continuous contract being 125 yuan/ton, a decrease of 5 yuan/ton [1] Trading Volume and Open Interest - The trading volume of the active futures contract was 168,109 lots, an increase of 6.04%, and the open interest was 135,638 lots, an increase of 4.45%. The trading - to - open - interest ratio was 1.24, an increase of 1.53% [1] Inventory - The LME inventory remained unchanged at 119,850 tons, and the Shanghai zinc warehouse receipt inventory decreased by 9.71% to 6,473 tons. As of June 26, the total inventory of SMM zinc ingots in seven regions was 79,500 tons, a decrease of 0.01 tons compared with June 19 and an increase of 0.17 tons compared with June 23 [1] Fundamental Information - Zinc smelters have sufficient raw material reserves, and the zinc concentrate processing fee has continued to rise. The raw material shortage has less impact on smelter production, and the cost support has weakened. The downstream maintains rigid demand for zinc ingots [1] - Recently, the downstream procurement sentiment has improved after the zinc price decline, and the macro - sentiment is positive. The strike at Nexa's Cajamarquilla zinc smelter has increased market concerns about future supply, pushing up the zinc price [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating - The report maintains a short - allocation view on zinc [1] Core Viewpoints - For lead, although downstream has not entered the peak season and there is a risk of inventory accumulation, the continuous shortage of waste batteries, increased losses of secondary lead smelters, and high uncertainty in production start - up provide strong support for lead prices. Future attention should be paid to the improvement of demand and macro - uncertainty factors [1] - For zinc, although the recent macro sentiment has warmed up, and downstream spot trading has improved after the zinc price decline, considering the supply - side suppression and inventory accumulation expectations, the rebound space of zinc prices is limited, and the short - allocation view is still maintained [1] Summary by Related Content Lead Market - **Price and Market Data**: On June 17, 2025, the average price of SMM1 lead ingots was 16,750 yuan/ton, down 0.15% from the previous day; the closing price of the main futures contract was 16,980 yuan/ton, up 0.21%. The trading volume of the active futures contract decreased by 7.56% to 30,240 lots, and the open interest decreased by 3.55% to 42,057 lots. The LME inventory remained unchanged at 263,475 tons, while the Shanghai lead warehouse receipt inventory increased by 2.88% to 45,503 tons [1] - **Supply**: In Q1 2025, overseas lead concentrate production was about 588,000 mt, down 1.8% year - on - year and 6.1% quarter - on - quarter. Australia and North America contributed the most to the decline. It is expected that overseas lead concentrate production will slightly recover in Q2 [1] - **Inventory**: As of June 16, the total inventory of SMM lead ingots in five locations was 56,400 tons, an increase of 3,000 tons from June 9 and 1,600 tons from June 12 [1] - **Fundamentals**: Primary lead production is stable with a slight increase. Secondary lead smelters face raw material shortages and cost - price inversions, resulting in reduced production and increased finished product inventory. The demand side is transitioning from the off - season to the peak season, and downstream procurement is expected to improve [1] Zinc Market - **Price and Market Data**: On June 17, 2025, the average price of SMM1 zinc ingots was 21,930 yuan/ton, down 1.08% from the previous day; the closing price of the main futures contract was 21,840 yuan/ton, up 0.11%. The trading volume of the active futures contract decreased by 14.17% to 163,962 lots, and the open interest decreased by 5.60% to 116,264 lots. The LME inventory remained unchanged at 130,225 tons, while the Shanghai zinc warehouse receipt inventory increased by 11.08% to 9,966 tons [1] - **Supply News**: On June 16, Australian mining company Polymetals Resources Ltd announced that its Endeavor silver - zinc mine in the Cobar region of New South Wales had achieved commercial production. It is expected to produce about 20,000 mt of zinc concentrate in 2025 [1] - **Inventory**: As of June 16, the total inventory of SMM zinc ingots in seven locations was 78,100 tons, a decrease of 3,600 tons from June 9 and an increase of 1,000 tons from June 12 [1] - **Fundamentals**: Zinc smelters have sufficient raw material reserves, and zinc concentrate processing fees are rising. The supply shortage of zinc concentrate has improved, and the production limit on smelters has weakened. The demand side is in the off - season, but downstream procurement has improved after the zinc price decline. However, the zinc price rebound space is limited due to supply - side suppression and inventory accumulation expectations [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Core Viewpoints of the Report - The lead price may rebound in the short - term due to the continuous tight supply of waste batteries, the expanding losses of secondary lead smelters, and the high uncertainty of their production, but the effectiveness of cost support and macro - uncertainties need to be further observed [1] - The zinc market has a situation of strong supply and weak demand. Although the inventory is relatively low, the inventory has stopped falling and started to increase, and the zinc price has broken through the 22,000 yuan/ton mark. The short - selling strategy is still recommended, but the decline may slow down due to potential improvement in downstream purchases [1] Summary by Related Catalogs Lead Price and Market Data - The average price of SMM1 lead ingots was 16,525.00 yuan/ton, up 0.15% from the previous day; the closing price of the main futures contract was 16,765.00 yuan/ton, down 0.09% [1] - The LME 3 - month lead futures closing price (electronic trading) was 1,988.00 US dollars/ton, up 0.71%; the ratio of Shanghai - London lead prices was 8.43, down 0.79% [1] Supply and Demand - The production of primary lead is stable with a slight increase, while the production of secondary lead is at a relatively low level due to the rising price of waste lead - acid batteries, limited supply of recyclers, and high reluctance to sell. The demand is weak as it is in the off - season [1] Inventory - As of June 9, the total inventory of SMM lead ingots in five locations was 53,400 tons, an increase of 3,500 tons from June 3 and more than 500 tons from June 5 [1] Investment Strategy - The lead price may rebound in the short - term, but attention should be paid to cost support and macro - uncertainties [1] Zinc Price and Market Data - The average price of SMM1 zinc ingots was 22,520.00 yuan/ton, down 0.31% from the previous day; the closing price of the main futures contract was 21,910.00 yuan/ton, down 2.12% [1] - The LME 3 - month zinc futures closing price (electronic trading) was 2,654.00 US dollars/ton, down 0.32%; the ratio of Shanghai - London zinc prices was 8.26, down 1.81% [1] Supply and Demand - Zinc smelters have sufficient raw material reserves, and the zinc ore processing fee is rising. The supply is increasing, while the demand is in the off - season. Although the start - up rate of some downstream sectors has rebounded, the overall demand is still weak, and it is expected to decline this week considering environmental inspections [1] Inventory - As of June 9, the total inventory of SMM zinc ingots in seven locations was 81,700 tons, an increase of 4,300 tons from June 3 and 2,400 tons from June 5 [1] Investment Strategy - The zinc market has a situation of strong supply and weak demand. The short - selling strategy is still recommended, but the decline may slow down due to potential improvement in downstream purchases [1]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - The raw material shortage has led to production cuts at lead smelters, providing strong support for the downside of lead prices. The lead price is expected to trade in a wide range in the short term, with subsequent focus on macro uncertainties [1]. - The fundamentals of Shanghai zinc are weak, and it is expected to trade in a wide range in the short term. In the medium to long term, the TC has room to rise, and the center of the zinc price may shift downwards. A strategy of shorting on rebounds is recommended, with subsequent focus on macro - sentiment disturbances [1]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Lead Market - **Price and Market Indicators**: On May 23, 2025, the average price of SMM1 lead ingots was 16,625 yuan/ton, down 0.60% from the previous day. The closing price of the futures main contract was 16,685 yuan/ton, down 1.27%. The trading volume of the futures active contract increased by 106.00% to 42,980 lots, and the open interest increased by 170.23% to 45,301 lots. The LME inventory was 295,825 tons, and the Shanghai lead warehouse receipt inventory was 39,327 tons, down 4.30% [1]. - **Fundamentals**: The operation of primary lead smelters was stable with a slight increase. For secondary lead, the price of waste lead - acid batteries rose continuously, and recyclers had limited supplies. Some smelters cut or stopped production due to cost inversion, and the operating rate declined significantly. The demand was in the off - season, with weak downstream procurement [1]. - **Inventory**: As of May 22, the total inventory of SMM lead ingots in five locations was 5.03 million tons, a decrease of 0.57 million tons from May 15 and 0.88 million tons from May 19 [1]. 3.2 Zinc Market - **Price and Market Indicators**: On May 23, 2025, the average price of SMM1 zinc ingots was 22,580 yuan/ton, down 0.48% from the previous day. The closing price of the futures main contract was 22,455 yuan/ton, down 0.55%. The trading volume of the futures active contract decreased by 16.49% to 82,262 lots, and the open interest decreased by 11.19% to 59,658 lots. The LME inventory was 156,225 tons, and the Shanghai zinc warehouse receipt inventory was 1,400 tons [1]. - **Fundamentals**: Zinc smelters had sufficient raw material stocks, and the zinc concentrate processing fee continued to rise. The production of smelters increased, but the terminal demand had not improved, and downstream enterprises were bearish on the future zinc price and had weak procurement enthusiasm. Different downstream sectors had different performances [1]. - **Inventory**: As of May 22, the total inventory of SMM zinc ingots in seven locations was 8.04 million tons, a decrease of 0.59 million tons from May 15 and 0.34 million tons from May 19 [1]. 3.3 Other Information - The Port Pirie multi - metal smelter in Australia, owned by Nyrstar, has the capacity to produce up to 5,000 tons of antimony metal or antimony trioxide per year but needs additional processing steps and government funding. The Australian smelting industry is facing challenges from high domestic electricity costs and over - capacity in China [1]. - Canadian mining company Foran Mining plans to raise 350 million Canadian dollars through non - brokered private placement for the construction and exploration of the McIlvenna Bay copper - zinc project. The project is expected to start commercial production in mid - 2026 [1].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the report Core Viewpoints - For lead, due to tight raw materials, some secondary lead smelters have cut production, and the demand is in the off - season. It is expected that the lead price will fluctuate widely in the short term [1]. - For zinc, the macro - sentiment is stable and positive, but the fundamentals of SHFE zinc are weak. The zinc price is expected to fluctuate widely in the short term, and the center of the zinc price may shift down in the long - term. A strategy of short - selling on rebounds is recommended [1]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Lead Price and Market Data - On May 21, 2025, the average price of SMM1 lead ingots was 16,650 yuan/ton, down 0.45% from the previous day; the closing price of the SHFE lead futures main contract was 16,845 yuan/ton, down 0.09% [1]. - The trading volume of the active lead futures contract was 24,386 lots, down 9.32%; the open interest was 22,798 lots, down 16.76% [1]. - LME lead inventory was 245,750 tons, unchanged; SHFE lead warrant inventory was 44,980 tons, down 10.12% [1]. Company and Industry News - Huayu Mining completed a mining volume of 283.3 million tons and a beneficiation volume of 242.66 million tons in 2024. The Shannan Branch completed a lead - zinc - antimony metal volume of 36,200 tons, including 19,600 tons of zinc, 14,400 tons of lead, 2235 tons of antimony, and 53.57 tons of silver [1]. Fundamental Analysis - The operation rate of primary lead is stable with a slight increase, while the operation rate of secondary lead has decreased significantly due to rising raw material costs and limited supplies [1]. - The demand is in the off - season, and downstream procurement is weak, providing limited support for the lead price [1]. Zinc Price and Market Data - On May 21, 2025, the average price of SMM1 zinc ingots was 22,540 yuan/ton, down 0.18% from the previous day; the closing price of the SHFE zinc futures main contract was 22,435 yuan/ton, down 0.09% [1]. - The trading volume of the active zinc futures contract was 94,706 lots, down 24.89%; the open interest was 76,630 lots, down 10.44% [1]. - LME zinc inventory was 156,725 tons, unchanged; SHFE zinc warrant inventory was 1,526 tons, down 10.29% [1]. Company and Industry News - Zijin Mining's Kyzyl - Tashtyg lead - zinc mine in Russia will maintain normal operation, canceling the plan to suspend operations in June. In 2024, the mine produced about 71,300 DMT of zinc concentrate and about 4750 tons of lead concentrate [1]. - In April 2025, the import volume of zinc concentrates was 494,700 tons (physical tons), a month - on - month increase of 37.6% and a year - on - year increase of 72.07%. The cumulative import volume from January to April was 1.7125 million tons (physical tons), a cumulative year - on - year increase of 45.26% [1]. Fundamental Analysis - Zinc smelters have sufficient raw material reserves, and zinc concentrate processing fees are rising. The limitation of raw material shortages on smelter production has weakened, and production is expected to increase [1]. - After the May Day holiday, the operation rate of downstream enterprises has increased, but the terminal market has not improved, and downstream enterprises are bearish on the zinc price and have weak procurement enthusiasm [1]. - Different downstream sectors have different performances: galvanizing has mixed performance, die - casting zinc alloy has good electronic orders but weak traditional hardware orders, and zinc oxide has uncertain export orders due to anti - dumping investigations [1].