"人们关注土地的粮食产出，关注化肥、农药，但很少有人了解，土壤环境的不合理，使得每亩地每年 损失100公斤粮食，而我们的目标，是夺回这100公斤，并且让地越种越肥。"中国农业大学教授、中国 工程院院士张福锁团队首次将"植物-土壤反馈"理论引入农田生态系统，并揭示土壤"越种越好"的反馈 机制，该成果发表于《科学（Science）》杂志。近日，新京报记者对话张福锁，解读藏在土壤深处的 秘密。 化肥农药，不是洪水猛兽 新京报：能否介绍一下这项研究的初衷？ 张福锁：土壤为人类提供了95%以上的食物，是人类生存所必需的食物与营养来源。人民群众对美好生 活的向往，首先就会体现在吃饭问题上，也就是从吃得饱向吃得好、吃得营养健康转变，只有健康的土 壤才能生产出优质健康的食物。但是对土壤的关注不足，使得土壤质量下降，形成了"投入越来越多， 地越种越馋，资源效率越来越低，作物品质和环境生态越来越差"的恶性循环。造成这种现象的根源在 于，当前的作物管理以产量为主要目标，长期忽视了农田管理措施对土壤的反馈效应，即"遗产效应"， 导致土壤负反馈不断加大，正反馈缩小，土壤"遗产"不断缩减或者被耗竭，严重威胁耕地质量和农业可 持续发展。 ...

Group 1: Cotton and Astaxanthin Production - Cotton is not only an important raw material for textiles but also has potential in producing valuable astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant [1] - The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed engineered cotton that can synthesize astaxanthin using plant synthetic biology techniques [1] - Astaxanthin has applications in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, enhancing the value of cotton from a single output to multifunctional high-value products [1] Group 2: Citrus and Diabetes Treatment - Citrus peels are being explored for their added value, with recent research indicating that components extracted from citrus can significantly enhance wound healing for diabetes patients, improving healing speed by 2.7 times [2] - The development of a natural hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties addresses slow healing in diabetic wounds [2] Group 3: Peach Sweetness and Softening Genes - Researchers have identified the genetic basis for the sweetness of peaches and the genes responsible for fruit softening during ripening [3] - The discovery of the "slow-softening peach" gene could lead to the development of varieties that are longer-lasting, flavorful, and better suited for transport [3] Group 4: Advances in Livestock Genetics - The first single-cell transcriptome atlas of water buffalo has been constructed, providing valuable resources for functional genomics and molecular breeding in agricultural animals [3] - A new 50K breeding chip for Chinese Yellow Cattle has been developed, offering low-cost and high-accuracy selection for efficient breeding and conservation of local cattle breeds [3] Group 5: Agricultural Biotechnology Innovations - Recent agricultural research achievements include the release of a comprehensive soybean protein quantitative atlas and the establishment of a genotype database for tea tree varieties [4] - The integration of cutting-edge biotechnology in agriculture is expected to drive modernization and innovation in the sector [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant achievement by a team from China Agricultural University, which introduces a new paradigm for sustainable agriculture by integrating the concept of "plant-soil feedback" into agricultural ecosystems [1][2] - The research emphasizes the need to address soil health, which has been neglected, leading to imbalances in soil ecosystems and threatening agricultural quality and green development [2] Group 1 - The study proposes a systematic approach to achieve high crop yields while maintaining soil health, offering innovative solutions for sustainable agricultural development [1] - The research is based on long-term practical observations and analyses of the limitations faced in agricultural green development, focusing on the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms [2] - The paper highlights the importance of developing soil health management techniques to enhance soil multifunctionality, reduce external dependencies, and promote green productivity [2] Group 2 - The research advocates for a balanced approach that considers beneficial organisms and pest control, integrating short-term production goals with long-term soil health [2] - The study is co-authored by experts from the Netherlands Royal Academy and the Canadian Royal Society, indicating international collaboration in agricultural research [2] - The research received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Key Research and Development Program, showcasing institutional support for agricultural innovation [2]

Core Viewpoint - The National Forestry and Grassland Administration and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences signed a strategic cooperation agreement focusing on key areas such as food security, ecological security, and biological safety [1] Group 1: Strategic Focus Areas - The cooperation will concentrate on major national strategies including the "Three Norths" project and rural revitalization [1] - The agreement emphasizes integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts [1] Group 2: Research and Development Initiatives - Both parties will support the establishment of forestry and grassland research platforms, leveraging resource advantages and technical strengths [1] - Core technology breakthroughs will be pursued in areas such as land greening, pest control, and seedling cultivation [1] Group 3: Talent Development and Mechanisms - There will be an increased focus on cultivating scientific and technological talent in grassland management, along with the establishment of a talent exchange mechanism [1] - The aim is to develop leading talents and innovative teams in grassland science and technology, providing them with more development opportunities [1] Group 4: Collaborative Framework - A regular consultation mechanism will be established under the strategic cooperation agreement to address major issues in grassland science and technology [1] - Joint efforts will be made to formulate significant policy and research lists, sharing technological innovation outcomes to support high-level protection and quality development of grasslands [1]

Core Insights - The research team from Northwest A&F University, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has successfully created the world's first comprehensive genetic map for wheat resistance to stripe rust, addressing a significant global challenge in wheat disease management [1][2] - This breakthrough provides a "gene navigation" tool for wheat breeding, marking a leading advancement in the field of wheat disease prevention research in China [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that the stripe rust pathogen, known as "wheat cancer," produces a new dominant strain approximately every five years, resulting in an annual global wheat yield loss of about 10% [1] - The research team analyzed nearly 47,000 field data samples over five years, establishing a core resource library of "comprehensive resistance sources" that includes 2,191 global wheat germplasm [1] - A total of 431 genetic loci related to wheat resistance to stripe rust were mapped, illustrating the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of resistance genes across global wheat regions [1] Group 2: Gene Validation - Among the 559 candidate genes related to stripe rust resistance, three breakthrough resistance genes were validated for their application value [2] - The Yr5x gene shows significant resistance to currently prevalent new virulent strains, while the Yr6/Pm1 gene enables dual control of stripe rust and powdery mildew, revealing a new mechanism for broad-spectrum disease resistance [2] - The YrKB gene not only provides resistance to both stripe rust and leaf rust but also achieves a synergistic increase in yield, potentially extending the disease resistance lifespan of wheat varieties from the current 3-5 years to over 10 years [2]

平谷区攻坚克难，奋步疾蹄，固定资产投资首次实现"半年过百亿"。平谷区坚持项目为王，压紧加密调度，多措并举，全 力推项目、促投资。上半年完成固定资产投资同比增长26.4%，全市排名第3。上半年固定资产投资总量已超2022年全年投 资水平。 续建项目提速增效 东久新宜平谷智慧城市物流谷项目基本完工 项目位于平谷区马坊镇PG05-0003-J002地块，总用地面积374092.649平方米，建筑规模为934681.27平方米（不含地下面 积），建设内容包括仓储用房及配套设施等。该项目已基本完工，即将进行竣工验收。项目建成后将成为亚洲最大的单体 物流项目，能够极大加强平谷区马坊物流高地货运仓储能力，为北京各工业企业、电子商务企业提供高质量的仓储服务， 赋能仓储基础设施，优化、提升产业供应链能效，为打造首都物流高地贡献中坚力量，促进区域产业结构优化。 京东-平谷智能产业园项目施工进入尾声 项目位于平谷区马坊镇03街区，总用地面积236803.69平方米，建筑规模为591857.31平方米（不含地下面积），建设内容包 括仓储用房及配套设施等。该项目已完成总工程量的91%。项目充分依托京东自身电商、物流、科技等多领域能力， ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has terminated approximately 70 foreign contract researchers as part of a national security review, particularly targeting individuals from countries of concern such as China and Russia [1][3] - The USDA's actions are part of a broader agricultural security plan announced by Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, which includes prohibiting citizens from China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran from purchasing U.S. farmland and ending existing research collaborations with these nations [3] - The terminated researchers were primarily Chinese postdoctoral researchers who had already undergone background checks prior to their employment, raising concerns about the impact on ongoing agricultural research projects [3][4] Group 2 - The USDA's decision is seen as a departure from its traditional role as a facilitator of U.S.-China cooperation in agriculture, which could harm the U.S. agricultural sector's reliance on scientific research and innovation [4] - Experts suggest that the termination of these researchers may lead to a decline in agricultural research capabilities, potentially setting back advancements in critical areas such as vaccine development for food safety [3][4] - The political interference in scientific research is likely to have long-term negative consequences for U.S. agricultural development and may exacerbate the challenges of talent retention and international collaboration in the field [4]

Group 1 - Zhang Zhongkai, a researcher at Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has dedicated over 30 years to combating plant viruses, which are often referred to as "crop cancer" due to their severe impact on agricultural production [1][2] - The research team has identified 13 virus families, 17 virus genera, and 67 virus species, isolating 3,560 virus strains, with 18 species being newly discovered and 9 recorded for the first time in China [2] - The team established the largest agricultural virus database in China, which aids in the development of virus detection kits and the screening of virus-resistant varieties [2][3] Group 2 - A green control technology system has been developed to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, including breeding virus-resistant crop varieties and using natural pest control methods [3] - The green control technology has been implemented on over 20 million acres, saving more than 3 billion yuan in economic losses and significantly enhancing the market competitiveness of Yunnan's seed and seedling products [3][4] - The "Technology Vice President" mechanism has been introduced in Yunnan to promote the transformation of scientific research achievements into practical applications, with Zhang Zhongkai being appointed to this role [3][4] Group 3 - The research has identified 36 major viruses affecting vegetables and established their distribution patterns, highlighting that "virus-carrying seeds are a key source of virus transmission" [4] - The team has selected 16 virus-resistant varieties of tomatoes and peppers, laying the groundwork for future breeding of high-resistance vegetable varieties [4][5] - Zhang Zhongkai emphasizes the importance of commitment and responsibility in agricultural scientific research and the transformation of results into practice [5]

Group 1: Core Insights - The Henan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences is advancing cutting-edge medical technologies, focusing on clinical applications of innovative projects [3][5] - The academy has developed a new warm blood transport system for heart transplants, significantly extending the viability of hearts during transport [5][8] - The "organ-on-a-chip" technology is being utilized to personalize cancer treatment, allowing for the selection of the most effective therapies for patients [9][11] Group 2: Heart Transport System - The new transport system maintains a physiological temperature of 34°C to 36°C, avoiding the metabolic slowdown associated with traditional cold storage methods [5][7] - The system has shown promising results in animal experiments, with a pig heart remaining functional after 24 hours of transport [7][8] - Future experiments will simulate real-world transport conditions to further validate the system's effectiveness [7][8] Group 3: Organ-on-a-Chip Technology - The organ-on-a-chip platform has begun clinical validation, focusing on difficult-to-treat gynecological cancers [11][12] - The technology allows for the cultivation of "mini-tumors" from patient samples, which can be tested against various drug treatments to determine the most effective option [12][13] - Initial results indicate a 71% tumor suppression rate for one patient, showcasing the potential for improved treatment precision [12][13] Group 4: Nanomaterials and Agricultural Applications - The Henan Provincial Academy has launched the world's first pilot production line for nanoenzymes, marking a significant step towards industrialization [10][14] - The nanoenzyme technology has demonstrated the ability to enhance crop yields while reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage, with reported increases of up to 20.6% in certain crops [15][16] - The laboratory aims to expand the application of agricultural nanoenzymes across 20 million acres in Henan by 2026 [15][16]

Group 1 - The core issue of wheat stripe rust disease significantly impacts wheat production stability in China, with the research team at Northwest A&F University recovering over 5 billion kilograms of grain loss annually [1] - The research team has been investigating the transmission patterns of the disease since the 1950s, identifying seasonal movements of the pathogen that threaten food security across major wheat-producing regions [1] Group 2 - The research team has identified a shrub called Berberis as a key "intermediate host" for the mutation of the pathogen, leading to extensive field investigations across various high-altitude regions [2] - The team has collected over 4,000 samples of Berberis and identified more than 40 species, facing significant challenges in laboratory conditions due to the low germination rates of the seeds [2] Group 3 - After over ten years and thousands of experiments, the team has established a complete evidence chain confirming Berberis as the critical host for the pathogen's mutation, leading to the development of new control measures [3] - The innovative control measures have effectively reduced the mutation rate of the pathogen, showcasing the integration of personal growth and national needs within the research team's mission [3]