Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to American scientists Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in the mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance [2] Group 1 - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded annually by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden [2] - The award recognizes significant contributions to the understanding of immune tolerance mechanisms [2] - The internal nomination and selection process for the Nobel Prize is explained by Pan Qiang, a professor of clinical immunology at the Karolinska Institute and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences [2]

Group 1 - The "He Xiangjian Young Scientist" project has announced its first funding list, selecting 20 outstanding young scientists in the fields of medicine and life sciences, and energy, environment, and climate change, each receiving 2 million yuan for their research [1][2] - The project has attracted significant attention from domestic universities and research institutions, with nearly 1,000 young researchers applying for funding [1] - The selected scientists include 12 from medicine and life sciences and 8 from energy, environment, and climate change, showcasing their research potential and focusing on cutting-edge topics that could drive technological breakthroughs and industrial upgrades [1] Group 2 - An unveiling ceremony and academic seminar for the first project will be held on October 25 in Shunde, Foshan, focusing on the feasibility of the funded scientists' research plans and related technical challenges [2] - The He Xiangjian Science Fund was established by He Xiangjian, founder of Midea Group, with a personal investment of 3 billion yuan, aiming to support fundamental research breakthroughs and promote the transformation of original achievements [2] - The fund emphasizes areas with significant impacts on global economic development and human civilization, including but not limited to healthcare, life sciences, green energy, and climate change [2]

Core Viewpoint - The research team from East China Normal University has made significant advancements in the field of obesity and metabolic diseases, discovering that beige fat can be activated through local thermal therapy to alleviate obesity and improve metabolic disorders. This finding was published in the prestigious journal "Cell" and selected as a cover article [6][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that beige fat, which has characteristics of both white and brown fat, can be activated by local heat therapy, leading to increased thermogenesis and energy expenditure [7][10]. - The research identified the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) as a key player in sensing local heat and activating thermogenic mechanisms, which can effectively combat obesity and improve insulin resistance and liver lipid accumulation [9][12]. - A large-scale clinical study established a correlation between HSF1 and various metabolic traits, providing new targets and strategies for obesity intervention [9][14]. Group 2: Implications and Applications - The findings suggest that local thermal therapy could be a safe and effective method for weight loss, without affecting the sympathetic or immune systems, indicating its potential as a new direction for obesity treatment [9][12]. - Traditional thermal therapies, such as those used in Chinese medicine, have been recognized for their metabolic benefits, but the study emphasizes the need for safer and more effective activation methods for beige fat [10][12]. - The research lays a solid foundation for the development of new clinical drugs and precision treatments targeting metabolic disorders [14].

Core Insights - The 2025 Capital International Medical Conference's parallel forum, the Sino-British Medical Innovation Summit, was held in Beijing, focusing on cooperation and development in the medical innovation sector between China and the UK [1] - The BMJ Group released the first report analyzing the citation of Chinese hospital research in global health policies and clinical guidelines over the past 20 years, highlighting China's growing international influence in medical research [1][2] Report Highlights - The report utilized BMJ Impact Analytics data to track citations of Chinese hospital research from 2005 to 2024 across over 41,000 institutions and 2,000 health policies and clinical guidelines, showcasing the top ten hospitals with the most cited research articles [2] - The ten hospitals with the highest citation counts produced a total of 12,601 research outputs, cited 34,675 times by health policies and clinical guidelines in over 75 countries [4] - The report indicates that the World Health Organization and other top international institutions have recognized and cited Chinese research, reflecting its growing global relevance [4] Global Impact - The report emphasizes that the citation of Chinese research is significant in traditional medical powerhouses like the US, UK, and Germany, as well as emerging markets in Southeast Asia and Latin America, indicating the internationalization of Chinese medical research [5] - The report provides a long-term perspective on the impact of Chinese hospital research on global health policy and clinical guidelines, supplementing existing evaluation mechanisms focused on research quantity and publication metrics [6] Future Directions - The report serves as a reference for Chinese hospitals to evaluate the practical application value of their research, while providing evidence for policymakers to optimize research investment structures [7] - The BMJ Group plans to continue its focus on Chinese medical research and foster dialogue and collaboration between China and the international community in medical innovation [7]

Core Insights - A groundbreaking study published in the journal "Science" reveals that sugar intake during the first 1000 days of life significantly impacts long-term health, particularly the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension in adulthood [4][5][7]. Group 1: Key Findings - Early exposure to added sugars in infants leads to a dramatic increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension later in life [5][7]. - Strictly controlling sugar intake during infancy can effectively block the "metabolic memory" effect, significantly reducing the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood [5][7]. - Historical data from the UK Biobank shows that offspring of mothers with low sugar intake during pregnancy have a 35% lower risk of type 2 diabetes and a 20% lower risk of hypertension compared to those with higher sugar intake [8][13]. Group 2: Research Context - The study utilized data from over 600,000 participants born between 1951 and 1956, comparing health outcomes based on maternal sugar intake during pregnancy [8][13]. - The research highlights the importance of early dietary habits, particularly sugar consumption, in shaping lifelong health outcomes [10][11]. Group 3: Implications for Public Health - The findings support existing dietary guidelines for pregnant women and infants, emphasizing the long-term health benefits of early sugar control [14]. - The study provides new evidence for public health policies aimed at reducing sugar intake among young children to prevent chronic diseases [14].

Core Insights - A groundbreaking meta-analysis published in *The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology* reveals a strong dose-response relationship between weight loss and diabetes remission in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes [6][9] Summary by Sections Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission - The study found that weight loss is a critical factor in controlling type 2 diabetes and reducing the risk of related complications, providing clear treatment goals and expected outcomes for clinicians and patients [9] Research Methodology - The research team systematically screened all relevant randomized controlled trials up to July 30, 2024, from PubMed, Embase, and clinical trial registries, ultimately selecting 22 high-quality studies [7] - Complete remission was defined as having a hemoglobin A1c level below 6.0% or fasting blood glucose below 5.6 mmol/L without any antidiabetic medications after one year of intervention [7] Results of Weight Loss Interventions - Dramatic differences in complete remission rates were observed based on weight loss: only 0.7% of patients with less than 10% weight loss achieved complete remission, while nearly half (49.6%) of those losing 20%-29% achieved it, and an impressive 79.1% of those losing over 30% did [7][8] - Partial remission rates also showed a clear stepwise increase: 5.4% for less than 10% weight loss, 48.4% for 10%-19%, 69.3% for 20%-29%, and 89.5% for over 30% [7][8] Statistical Analysis - The analysis indicated that for every 1% weight loss, the probability of complete remission increased by 2.17%, and the probability of partial remission increased by 2.74% [8] - No significant associations were found between remission outcomes and factors such as age, sex, race, disease duration, baseline body mass index, hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin use, or weight loss intervention methods [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the metabolic reprogramming in critically ill patients, emphasizing the importance of understanding energy flow and immune response mechanisms to improve treatment outcomes [6][9][27]. Metabolic Regulation Principles - The priority of substrate utilization in normal conditions is glucose and glycogen first, followed by fats and proteins. In critical illness, metabolism prioritizes the needs of immune and inflammatory cells, leading to significant breakdown of muscle and fat tissues to support immune cell synthesis [10][11]. - The liver and kidneys significantly enhance gluconeogenesis during critical illness, utilizing lactate, glycerol, and amino acids as substrates, with the Cori cycle playing a key role in glucose regeneration [13]. Immune and Inflammatory Cell Metabolic Reprogramming - Immune cells, such as M1 macrophages and activated T cells, primarily rely on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) for rapid ATP production and biosynthetic precursors, which supports inflammatory responses but has a lower energy yield compared to mitochondrial metabolism [16][18]. - Metabolites like succinate and itaconate can regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, influencing inflammation and immune responses [17]. Changes in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle - In critical illness, white adipose tissue may convert to brown adipose tissue, enhancing thermogenic capacity. The "obesity paradox" suggests that obese individuals may have better survival rates in critical conditions due to greater energy reserves and anti-inflammatory factors [20]. - Muscle protein breakdown is significantly increased due to enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy mechanisms, leading to muscle wasting and potential long-term functional impairments post-recovery [22][26]. Conclusion - The body adapts through metabolic reprogramming during critical illness to enhance immune defense and survival, with a focus on the roles of immune cell metabolism and the breakdown of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Future research should explore innovative interventions targeting metabolic pathways to improve clinical outcomes for critically ill patients [27].

Core Viewpoint - The latest research published in the journal Cell reveals that skipping breakfast can trigger a "metabolic memory" effect in the small intestine, leading to increased nutrient absorption efficiency and potentially contributing to obesity and atherosclerosis [6][7][9]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Nutrient Absorption - The small intestine operates through two independent nutrient supply pathways: luminal supply (food intake) and blood supply (internal reserves) [8]. - When breakfast is skipped, the small intestine shifts to an internal energy supply mode, activating a "metabolic compensation mechanism" that enhances nutrient absorption efficiency, particularly for cholesterol and fats [8][9]. - In mouse models simulating breakfast skipping, significant metabolic reprogramming occurs, including a nearly 40% increase in cholesterol absorption efficiency due to upregulation of key transport proteins [9][18]. Group 2: Consequences of Skipping Breakfast - Long-term skipping of breakfast leads to a "rebound absorption" effect, resulting in increased weight gain and metabolic disorders [13][15]. - Mice that regularly skip breakfast show elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, exacerbating lipid metabolism disorders and doubling the risk of atherosclerosis [18]. Group 3: Recommendations for Metabolic Health - Attempting to lose weight through hunger may backfire, as the small intestine's "super compensation absorption" can lead to greater fat accumulation [15]. - Regular breakfast consumption, particularly with a combination of protein and dietary fiber, can effectively reset absorption rhythms and stabilize metabolism [15].

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART) has announced procurement intentions for 47 items of laboratory equipment, with a total budget of 235 million yuan, aimed at enhancing its research capabilities in various biomedical fields [1][2][3]. Procurement Overview - The procurement includes high-performance flow cytometers, multi-parameter flow cytometers, spectral high-speed cell sorters, and other advanced laboratory instruments, with expected purchase dates between March and October 2025 [1][2][3]. - The total budget for the procurement is 235 million yuan, indicating a significant investment in research infrastructure [1]. Specific Equipment Details - High-performance flow cytometer: Designed for high-throughput detection and analysis of physical and fluorescent properties of single cells, applicable in immunology, oncology, and stem cell research [1][2]. - Spectral high-speed cell sorter: Integrates multi-laser excitation and high-parameter fluorescence detection for complex sample analysis, widely used in immunology and precision medicine [2][3]. - Desktop fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: A high-sensitivity instrument for real-time analysis of single fluorescent molecules in solution, applicable in molecular biology and drug development [4]. Additional Equipment and Services - The procurement list includes various advanced instruments such as high-dimensional flow cytometers, high-resolution imaging systems, and electronic beam evaporation systems, all aimed at supporting cutting-edge research [6][10]. - Each equipment item comes with specific quality and service requirements, including installation, training, and a minimum three-year warranty [7][9][10]. Institutional Background - SMART is a national-level medical research institution established by the Shenzhen government, aiming to integrate research, translation, talent cultivation, and funding support, modeled after the NIH [12][13]. - The institution focuses on major disease prevention, cutting-edge medical technology, and sustainable health research, with a flexible staffing mechanism to attract top talent [14][15].

Core Viewpoint - The recent study from Sun Yat-sen University highlights the significant role of greenspace in mitigating the global disease and economic burdens associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [4][6]. Summary by Sections Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) - NCDs are the primary threat to global public health, causing 42 million deaths in 2021, which accounts for 75% of total global deaths [6]. - It is projected that from 2011 to 2030, NCDs will result in over $30 trillion in economic losses globally, imposing heavy burdens on families, healthcare systems, and society [6]. Importance of Greenspace - Greenspace, including forests, parks, and gardens, plays a crucial role in human health and disease prevention [6]. - Increased exposure to greenspace is associated with a reduced risk of various NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and mental health issues [6]. - The benefits of greenspace may stem from ecological, biological, psychological, and social pathways, including reduced air pollution and enhanced social cohesion [6]. Research Limitations and Gaps - Previous studies on the relationship between greenspace and NCDs have been limited to specific geographic areas, restricting the applicability of findings to broader populations [7]. - There is a lack of comprehensive research quantifying the potential health and economic benefits of increasing greenspace on a global scale [7][8]. Key Findings of the Study - The study analyzed data from 204 countries/regions between 2000 and 2021, using mixed-effects regression models to assess the association between greenspace and NCD-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [8]. - Results indicate that larger greenspace areas correlate with lower burdens of NCDs [8]. - If greenspace had been maintained at optimal levels over the past two decades, it could have potentially prevented 1.66 million NCD-related deaths and 37.68 million DALYs, saving nearly $10 billion [8]. Implications for Policy - The findings provide invaluable information for policymakers and practitioners, suggesting that greenspace initiatives should be integrated into national policy-making and resource allocation to alleviate the disease and economic burdens of NCDs globally [10].