什么是关税不确定性下的最佳决策？20250602 摘要 2025 年一季度半钢胎开工率虽高于去年同期，但 4 月对等关税落地后， 开工率降至去年水平，5 月汽车零部件关税出台后进一步下滑，表明关 税负面影响持续显现，对轮胎行业产生直接冲击。 美国消费者受关税不确定性影响，3 月耐用品订单激增后补库趋缓，4 月同比增速降至年内最低，显示消费行为趋于谨慎，企业应关注库存管 理和需求变化，及时调整生产和销售策略。 一季度美国进口量占消费支出比例升至近 13%，工业品进口同比增长 53%，能源进口未明显增长，黄金囤积量大，消费品进口增加以规避关 税，汽车及零部件进口负增长，反映全球贸易格局变化。 国内经济 5 月提前进入淡季，沥青、水泥磨机开工率等数据回落，螺纹 钢需求下降，基建相关行业表现疲软，但国债和新增专用债发行或将推 动基建发展，需关注政策支持力度。 二季度以来，切片开工率下滑，PTA 价格低位震荡，一手房销售回升至 去年同期水平，但二手房市场表现不佳，螺纹钢期货价格跌破 3,000 元/ 吨，表明经济下行压力加大，企业应谨慎应对。 Q&A 美国近期关税政策的变化对中国出口和美国进口分别意味着什么？ 美国近期 ...

Core Viewpoint - The May PMI data indicates a series of characteristics reflecting a weak but stabilizing economy, with improvements driven by eased tariffs and a package of financial policies [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Indicators - The three "soft indicators" (EPMI, BCI, PMI) show consistent upward trends, suggesting a recovery in May after a downturn in April due to tariff disruptions [1][4]. - The EPMI increased by 1.6 points to 51.0, which is still the third lowest reading for the same period historically [6][7]. - The BCI rose slightly by 0.2 points to 50.3, remaining below last year's level, indicating mixed microeconomic conditions [6][7]. - The manufacturing PMI increased by 0.5 points to 49.5, still below the neutral level of 50, while the non-manufacturing PMI decreased to 50.3 [7][8]. Group 2: Sector Performance - The midstream equipment manufacturing sector leads in absolute economic performance, followed by downstream consumer goods, while upstream raw materials lag behind [8][9]. - The May equipment manufacturing PMI rose to 51.2, and the consumer goods manufacturing PMI increased to 50.2, indicating positive trends in these sectors [9][10]. Group 3: Export and Demand - New export orders rose significantly by 2.8 points, reflecting a recovery in exports following the joint statement from the US and Japan [15][16]. - The production index increased to 50.7, and the purchasing volume index rose to 47.6, indicating a rebound in production and procurement activities [17]. Group 4: Price Trends and Expectations - Price indicators have not fully stabilized, but the downward pressure has eased, with the purchasing price index slightly declining to 46.9 [17][18]. - Microeconomic expectations have improved, with the production activity expectation index rising to 52.5, although still below March levels [19][20]. - The finished goods inventory index decreased to 46.5, indicating a cautious approach to inventory management by companies [22]. Group 5: Construction Sector - The construction sector remains weak, with the building PMI at 51.0, down from 51.9, indicating that real estate construction is a major drag on overall economic performance [23][24].