丨证券研究报告丨 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 固定收益丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 预计基本面对债市定价权逐步抬升 ——9 月 PMI 点评 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 今年 9 月制造业 PMI 环比增长 0.4pct 至 49.8%，略超预期但仍位于荣枯线以下，非制造业 PMI 回落 0.3pct 至 50.0%。供需关系仍需优化，生产是否"前置"有待观察。外需保持稳定、内需 恢复相对缓慢，"主要原材料购进价格-出厂价格"差值继续走阔，企业利润修复或承压。小型 企业景气度明显回升，新兴制造行业景气度改善。服务业景气度回落，建筑业改善但仍处相对 低位。PMI 修复的持续性有待观察，数据公布当日债市对基本面进一步定价，我们预计随着基 本面对债市的定价权逐步抬升，四季度债市表现或将好于三季度。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 马玮健 SAC：S0490524080003 SFC：BVN394 事件评论 风险提示 1、经济基本面变化超预期；2、物价变化超预期；3、货币政策不及预期。 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 [Table_Ti ...

联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 核心观点 展望 9 月，从物价角度来看，关注的是三个变化。 首先 ， 制造业投资累计增速或将是 2021 年以来首次低于 GDP 累计增速，预计 1-9 月制造业投资累计增 速为 4.0% ，前三季度 GDP 累计增速为 5.1% 左右（三季度当季预计为 4.8% 左右）。这有助于改善中期 维度的供需矛盾。 其次 ， 物价的领先指标，金融层面的 M1 或开始回落，这意味着未来 3-4 个季度的物 价走势存在反复的可能。 再次 ， 物价的静态表现， 9 月 PPI 同比收窄，但环比或再次转跌，反映了当下 终端需求尤其是内需依然偏弱的状态，预计 9 月社零同比 3.2% 左右， 1-9 月固投累计增速 -0.2% ， 9 月 出口同比 6% 左右。 以上三个变化对于政策而言，需密切关注短期经济运行，适时在终端需求层面予以加力。 根据 9 月 29 日 发改委发布会，"将持续加强经济监测预测预警，做好政策预研储备，根据形势变化及时推出"。 文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 近期以来，政策已经有所微调的包括一线城 ...

近日，国家统计局发布了9月中国采购经理指数。 分行业看，9月制造业三大重点行业较快扩张。装备制造业、高技术制造业和消费品行业PMI分别为 51.9%、51.6%和50.6%，均明显高于制造业总体。同时上述重点行业生产指数和新订单指数均位于扩张 区间，企业供需两端较为活跃；高耗能行业PMI为47.5%，比上月下降0.7个百分点。 9月，制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为49.8%，比上月上升0.4个百分点；非制造业商务活动指数为 50.0%，比上月下降0.3个百分点；综合PMI产出指数为50.6%，比上月上升0.1个百分点，我国经济总体 产出略有加快。 中国民生银行首席经济学家温彬认为，9月以来，政策持续温和发力。政府债继续加快发行，央行通过 多种政策工具投放流动性，新型政策性金融工具加速落地，支持服务消费政策持续加码等，共同带动经 济尤其是制造业边际好转。 企业生产扩张加快 9月，制造业PMI比上月上升0.4个百分点，连续回升。企业生产扩张加快，市场需求景气度有所改善。 当月生产指数为51.9%，比上月上升1.1个百分点，升至近6个月高点；新订单指数为49.7%，比上月上升 0.2个百分点。 东方金诚首席宏观分析 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article presents six policy recommendations aimed at promoting stable economic growth and addressing current economic challenges, including limited domestic demand, structural overcapacity, deflationary pressures, and unstable expectations [1][4][8]. Group 1: Policy Recommendations - Recommendation 1: Advance the government investment and financing quotas for the next year to utilize fiscal resources effectively, with an expected increase in local special bond quotas to over 4.5 trillion yuan, suggesting an early allocation of 1.5-2 trillion yuan [9][10]. - Recommendation 2: Continue to release positive signals through monetary policy, potentially lowering the reserve requirement ratio by 0.5% and interest rates by 0.2% in the fourth quarter, while considering the resumption of government bond purchases [11][12]. - Recommendation 3: Lower the operational thresholds for two monetary policy tools supporting the capital market and standardize the operations of the Central Huijin Investment Company [12][13]. - Recommendation 4: Further reduce mortgage rates and optimize personal housing tax policies, including a suggested 25 basis point reduction in long-term housing provident fund loan rates [14][15]. - Recommendation 5: Increase the consumption subsidy for replacing old goods by 100 billion yuan and expand the subsidy scope to include various consumer goods [16][17]. - Recommendation 6: Strengthen fiscal and financial support, optimize tax refund services, enhance trade facilitation, and provide assistance to foreign trade enterprises and unemployed individuals [18][19][20]. Group 2: Economic Challenges - Domestic demand remains limited, with fixed asset investment growth slowing to 0.5% year-on-year from January to August, and infrastructure investment declining by 2.0% [4][5]. - The real estate market continues to face challenges, with a year-on-year drop in national commercial housing sales area of 11% in August, and real estate investment down by 12.9% from January to August [5][6]. - Credit growth is notably weak, with a decrease in credit balance for the first time since 2005, and new credit issuance in August at 590 billion yuan, below last year's already low levels [6][7]. - Deflationary pressures persist, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) falling to -0.4% year-on-year in August, and the Producer Price Index (PPI) at -2.9% [7].

Economic Overview - In September, the manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, marking two consecutive months of increase [1] - The non-manufacturing business activity index was 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, while the composite PMI output index rose to 50.6%, up 0.1 percentage points [1] Manufacturing Sector - Manufacturing production activities accelerated, with the production index at 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points from the previous month, remaining in the expansion zone for five consecutive months [1] - The new orders index for manufacturing was 49.7%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points, indicating a stabilization in market demand [1] - The new export orders index was 47.8%, up 0.6 percentage points, reflecting a narrowing decline in export demand [1] Industry Performance - In September, the PMI for equipment manufacturing, high-tech manufacturing, and consumer goods industries were 51.9%, 51.6%, and 50.6% respectively, all significantly above the manufacturing average [2] - Large enterprises showed stable growth with a PMI of 51.0%, while small enterprises improved slightly with a PMI of 48.2%, up 1.6 percentage points [2] Future Outlook - The average PMI for the manufacturing sector in Q3 was 49.5%, indicating a slight recovery compared to Q2 and the same period last year [3] - Expectations for manufacturing activities are positive, with a production and operation expectation index of 54.1%, up 0.4 percentage points, suggesting improved market outlook [2][3] - The non-manufacturing business activity index remained stable at 50%, indicating steady performance in the sector [3] Financial Sector - The financial sector's business activity index rose above 60%, with new orders also increasing, indicating strong support for the real economy [4] - The telecommunications and software services sectors maintained high business activity indices, reflecting ongoing growth in new economy sectors [4] Policy and Demand - There is an expectation for macroeconomic policies to be strengthened in Q4, which may boost market confidence and demand [5] - Seasonal factors such as holidays and promotional events are anticipated to enhance consumer demand in the coming months [3][5]

中国物流信息中心分析师武威说，年末的"年底效应"与"节日效应"将带动投资和消费相关需求集中释 放，建筑业和服务消费景气度均将有所回升。同时，一系列系统性政策举措将逐步显效，市场预期有望 稳步改善，内需潜力将继续释放，为四季度经济回升向好势头巩固提供支撑。 从行业看，三大重点行业较快扩张。装备制造业、高技术制造业和消费品行业PMI分别为51.9%、51.6% 和50.6%，均明显高于制造业总体，同时上述重点行业生产指数和新订单指数均位于扩张区间，企业供 需两端较为活跃；高耗能行业PMI为47.5%，比上月下降0.7个百分点。 "生产经营活动预期指数为54.1%，比上月上升0.4个百分点，连续三个月回升，表明制造业企业对近期 市场发展预期向好。从行业看，农副食品加工、汽车、铁路船舶航空航天设备等行业生产经营活动预期 指数均位于57.0%以上较高景气区间，相关企业对行业发展信心较强。"霍丽慧说。 9月份，非制造业商务活动指数为50.0%，比上月下降0.3个百分点，位于临界点，非制造业业务总量总 体稳定。服务业商务活动指数为50.1%，继续位于扩张区间。从行业看，邮政、电信广播电视及卫星传 输服务、货币金融服务等行业 ...

Economic Overview - In September, the manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, marking two consecutive months of increase [1] - The non-manufacturing business activity index was 50.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating stability in the non-manufacturing sector [1] - The comprehensive PMI output index rose to 50.6%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, suggesting a slight acceleration in overall economic output [1] Manufacturing Sector - Manufacturing production activities accelerated, with the production index at 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points from the previous month, remaining in the expansion zone for five consecutive months [1] - The new orders index for manufacturing was 49.7%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a stabilization in market demand [1] - The new export orders index was 47.8%, up 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, reflecting a narrowing decline in export demand [1] New Growth Drivers - In September, the PMIs for equipment manufacturing, high-tech manufacturing, and consumer goods were 51.9%, 51.6%, and 50.6% respectively, all significantly above the manufacturing average [2] - Large enterprises showed stable growth with a PMI of 51.0%, while small enterprises improved slightly with a PMI of 48.2%, up 1.6 percentage points from the previous month [2] - The manufacturing production and business activity expectation index was 54.1%, indicating positive market expectations among manufacturers [2] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index remained stable at 50%, despite a slight decrease from the previous month [3] - The service sector PMI was 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points from August, reflecting seasonal trends and the timing of the Mid-Autumn Festival [3][4] - Financial services showed strong performance with a business activity index above 60%, indicating robust support for the real economy [4] Future Outlook - The third quarter average manufacturing PMI was 49.5%, indicating a consolidation of economic recovery compared to the second quarter and the same period last year [3] - Expectations for the fourth quarter include increased macroeconomic policies to boost market confidence and demand, driven by holiday consumption and infrastructure projects [3][4] - The non-manufacturing sector is expected to stabilize and recover, supported by seasonal effects and ongoing macroeconomic adjustments [4]

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI for September shows a slight recovery, indicating improved production activity, with the production index rising to 51.9% from 50.8% in the previous month [2][4][11]. Group 1: Production Strengthening - The overall PMI index for September is 49.8%, up from 49.4% in August, primarily driven by a rebound in production [4][9]. - The recovery in production is attributed to stronger performance in the midstream and downstream sectors, with the midstream equipment manufacturing PMI reaching 51.9% and the consumer goods PMI at 50.6% [4][9]. - Factors contributing to this recovery include inventory replenishment and strong external demand, as indicated by a global manufacturing PMI increase to 50.9% in August and a 7.3% year-on-year growth in port container throughput in September [4][9]. Group 2: Data Insights - The September manufacturing PMI is 49.8%, with specific indices showing: production index at 51.9%, new orders index at 49.7%, new export orders index at 47.8%, employment index at 48.5%, and raw material inventory index at 48.5% [2][11]. - The price index shows a decline, with the PMI output price index at 48.2%, continuing below the neutral line for 16 consecutive months [3][12]. - The construction sector's PMI is at 49.3%, indicating a slight increase from the previous month but still below last year's level, while the service sector remains in the expansion zone with a PMI of 50.1% [3][14]. Group 3: Expectations and Comprehensive Output - The manufacturing activity expectation index rose to 54.1% in September, reflecting increased confidence among businesses, particularly in sectors like food processing and automotive [3][14]. - The comprehensive PMI output index for September is 50.6%, indicating continued expansion in production activities across sectors [3][14].

Group 1: PMI Overview - The manufacturing PMI for September is 49.8%, an increase from the previous value of 49.4%[2] - The production index within the PMI rose to 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points from 50.8%[4] - The new orders index is at 49.7%, slightly up from 49.5%[10] Group 2: Sector Performance - The midstream equipment manufacturing PMI reached 51.9%, significantly better than the previous 50.5%[4] - The consumer goods PMI improved to 50.6%, compared to 49.2% previously[4] - The construction industry PMI is at 49.3%, a 0.2 percentage point increase from last month but lower than last year's 50.7%[3] Group 3: Price and Inventory Trends - The PMI factory price index fell to 48.2%, down from 49.1%, marking 16 consecutive months below the boom-bust line[11] - The main raw materials purchase price index is at 53.2%, slightly down from 53.3%[11] - The finished goods inventory index increased to 48.2%, up 1.4 percentage points from the previous month[4] Group 4: Expectations and Future Outlook - The manufacturing activity expectation index rose to 54.1%, up from 53.7%[3] - The comprehensive PMI output index is at 50.6%, indicating continued expansion in production activities[10]

Core Insights - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for September is reported at 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing activity [1][6][7] Manufacturing Activity - The production index reached 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points, marking a six-month high, suggesting active manufacturing production [6][7] - The new orders index is at 49.7%, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points, indicating a modest improvement in market demand [6][7] - Large enterprises reported a PMI of 51.0%, while medium and small enterprises reported PMIs of 48.8% and 48.2%, respectively, indicating varying levels of activity across different enterprise sizes [6] Sector Performance - Key sectors such as equipment manufacturing, high-tech manufacturing, and consumer goods showed PMIs of 51.9%, 51.6%, and 50.6%, respectively, all above the manufacturing average, indicating robust activity [9] - The consumer goods sector has returned above the threshold line, reaching its highest level this year [2][9] Inventory and Pricing - The raw materials inventory index is at 48.5%, up 0.5 percentage points, indicating a continued reduction in inventory levels, albeit at a slower pace [10] - The purchasing price index for raw materials is at 53.2%, down 0.1 percentage points, while the factory price index is at 48.2%, down 0.9 percentage points, suggesting a narrowing profit margin for manufacturers [9][10] Business Confidence - The production and business activity expectations index has risen for three consecutive months, now at 54.1%, indicating improved confidence among manufacturers regarding market conditions [10]