1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the document. 2. Core Views of the Report - This week, fuel oil prices rose significantly, with the price center gradually reaching a two - month high. For high - sulfur fuel oil, market transactions improved slightly, the premium increased, Middle East shipments remained high, but Russian exports continued to decline. Due to recent attacks and sanctions, nearly one - third of Russian refinery capacity was offline, so supply factors still supported high - sulfur fuel oil. If Russian exports continue to face obstacles, high - sulfur fuel oil valuations may continue to rise. For low - sulfur fuel oil, there is no obvious supply gap in the Asia - Pacific region, and spot shipments are normal. The August Singapore bunker sales data was good, providing some support on the demand side. On the domestic market, the quota issue has been fully priced in by the market, but inventory continued to accumulate in the Zhoushan area, and there were still warehouse receipts on the futures market. In the short term, the price may be relatively weaker than that of high - sulfur fuel oil. - Valuation: FU is estimated to be in the range of 2700 - 3000, and LU is estimated to be in the range of 3400 - 3650. - Strategies: 1) Unilateral: FU will continue to be strong in the short term, and LU will mainly follow the upward trend. 2) Inter - period: FU and LU will maintain the current structure. 3) Inter - variety: FU cracking will fluctuate at a high level; the LU - FU spread may still contract slightly in the short term. [4] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Supply - **Refinery Operations**: The document presents the capacity utilization rates of Chinese refineries (crude oil: atmospheric and vacuum distillation), independent refineries, and major refineries over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [6] - **Global Refinery Maintenance**: It shows the maintenance volumes of global CDU devices, hydrocracking devices, FCC devices, and coking devices over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [9][11][13][14] - **Domestic Refinery Fuel Oil Production and Commodity Volume**: It shows the monthly production of fuel oil in China, the monthly production of low - sulfur fuel oil in Chinese refineries, and the monthly domestic commercial volume of fuel oil over different years, but no specific analysis is provided. [20] 3.2 Demand - **Domestic and Foreign Fuel Oil Demand Data**: It shows the monthly actual consumption of marine fuel oil in China, the monthly sales volume of fuel oil bunkering in Singapore, and the monthly apparent consumption of fuel oil in China over different years, but no specific analysis is provided. [23] 3.3 Inventory - **Global Fuel Oil Spot Inventory**: It shows the heavy oil inventory in Singapore, the fuel oil inventory in European ARA, the heavy distillate inventory in Fujairah, and the residual fuel oil inventory in the US over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [26][28][29] 3.4 Price and Spread - **Asia - Pacific Regional Spot FOB Prices**: It shows the FOB prices of 3.5% fuel oil in Fujairah, 0.5% fuel oil in Fujairah, 3.5% fuel oil in Singapore, 3.5% fuel oil in the Mediterranean, 1% fuel oil in north - western Europe, and 1% fuel oil in the Mediterranean over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [34][35][36][38][39][41] - **European Regional Spot FOB Prices**: It shows the FOB prices of 3.5% fuel oil in north - western Europe, 3.5% fuel oil in the US Gulf, high - sulfur fuel oil cargo prices in the New York Harbor, 0.5% fuel oil in the US Gulf, and low - sulfur straight - run fuel oil prices in the USAC over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [43][44] - **US Regional Fuel Oil Spot Prices**: It shows the FOB prices of 3.5% fuel oil in the US Gulf, high - sulfur fuel oil cargo prices in the New York Harbor, 0.5% fuel oil in the US Gulf, and low - sulfur straight - run fuel oil prices in the USAC over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [44] - **Paper and Derivative Prices**: It shows the prices of high - sulfur and low - sulfur swaps in north - western Europe, Singapore low - sulfur fuel oil swaps, Singapore 380 bunker swaps, and domestic futures contracts (FU and LU) over different time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [47][48][51] - **Fuel Oil Spot Spreads**: It shows the Singapore high - low sulfur spread, Singapore viscosity spread, and other spreads over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [57][58][59] - **Global Fuel Oil Cracking Spreads**: It shows the cracking spreads of high - sulfur and low - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore and north - western Europe over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [62][63][64] - **Global Fuel Oil Paper Monthly Spreads**: It shows the monthly spreads of high - sulfur and low - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore and north - western Europe over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [66] 3.5 Import and Export - **Domestic Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: It shows the monthly import and export volumes of fuel oil (excluding biodiesel) in China over different years, but no specific analysis is provided. [71][73] - **Global High - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: It shows the weekly changes in global high - sulfur fuel oil import and export volumes in different regions, but no specific analysis is provided. [75] - **Global Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: It shows the weekly changes in global low - sulfur fuel oil import and export volumes in different regions, but no specific analysis is provided. [77] 3.6 Futures Market Indicators and Internal - External Spreads - **Review**: This week, Asia - Pacific fuel oil prices rose significantly, and the Zhoushan market moved in tandem. In terms of spreads, domestic FU and LU were relatively stronger than the international market, and the premium continued to recover. - **Logic**: This week, spot prices at home and abroad rebounded significantly. On the domestic market, FU started to rebound from the bottom, and the internal - external spread continued to repair. The same situation occurred for LU. Due to the relatively small new batch of quotas, the domestic LU maintained a stable spread with the international spot market. [80] - **Internal - External Spreads**: It shows the internal - external spreads of 380 spot, 0.5% spot, and domestic futures contracts (FU and LU) against Singapore over different dates, but no specific analysis is provided. [81] 3.7 FU and LU Position and Volume Changes - It shows the trading volumes and open interest of fuel oil main - continuous contracts, fuel oil continuous contracts, low - sulfur fuel oil continuous contracts, and related sub - contracts over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [94][96][99] 3.8 FU and LU Warehouse Receipt Quantity Changes - It shows the changes in the number of FU and LU warehouse receipts over different years and time periods, but no specific analysis is provided. [105][106]

Report Overview - Report Title: Fuel Oil and Low-Sulfur Fuel Oil Weekly Report - Report Date: September 21, 2025 - Analyst: Liang Kefang from Guotai Junan Futures Research Institute [1] 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints - This week, the prices of fuel oil and low-sulfur fuel oil still fluctuated, but the amplitude significantly narrowed. For high-sulfur fuel oil, Middle East exports remained high, and the spot market transaction premium in the Asia-Pacific region continued to be below 0. There is a possibility of shipments from Northwest Europe to Asia, making it difficult for the Asia-Pacific low-sulfur market price to improve. For low-sulfur fuel oil, the previous strength of the Asia-Pacific low-sulfur price has basically disappeared. The shutdown of downstream facilities in Nigeria may continue to provide support in the future, but due to high port inventories and the price difference between the domestic and foreign markets, the domestic LU futures price is unlikely to turn strongly bullish. - The estimated value range is 2650 - 2900 for FU and 3300 - 3500 for LU. - Strategies include: 1) Unilateral: The bottom support of FU is emerging, while LU is weakening marginally. 2) Inter - period: FU and LU will maintain their current structures. 3) Inter - commodity: The cracking spread of FU will fluctuate at a high level; the LU - FU spread may still contract slightly in the short term. [4] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Supply - **Refinery Operations**: Data on the capacity utilization rates of Chinese refineries (crude oil: atmospheric and vacuum distillation), independent refineries, and major refineries are presented, covering the period from 2016 - 2025. [6] - **Global Refinery Maintenance**: Data on the maintenance volumes of global FCC, CDU, hydrocracking, and coking units are provided, spanning from 2018 - 2025. [13][14][15] - **Domestic Refinery Fuel Oil Production and Commercial Volume**: Data on the monthly production of fuel oil, low - sulfur fuel oil, and domestic commercial volume of fuel oil in China are shown, covering 2018 - 2025. [18] 3.2 Demand - **Domestic and Foreign Fuel Oil Demand Data**: Data on the monthly actual consumption of marine fuel oil in China, the monthly sales volume of fuel oil bunkering in Singapore, and the monthly apparent consumption of fuel oil in China are presented, covering 2018 - 2025. [22] 3.3 Inventory - **Global Fuel Oil Spot Inventory**: Data on the heavy oil inventory in Singapore, the fuel oil inventory in European ARA, the heavy distillate inventory in Fujairah, and the residual fuel oil inventory in the US are provided, covering 2018 - 2025. [25][26][28] 3.4 Price and Spread - **Asia - Pacific Regional Spot FOB Prices**: Data on the FOB prices of 3.5% and 0.5% fuel oil in Fujairah, Singapore, and other regions are presented, covering 2018 - 2025. [32][34][36] - **European Regional Spot FOB Prices**: Data on the FOB prices of 3.5% and 1% fuel oil in Northwest Europe, the Mediterranean, etc. are provided, covering 2018 - 2025. [38][39][41] - **US Regional Fuel Oil Spot Prices**: Data on the FOB prices of 3.5% and 0.5% fuel oil in the US Gulf, the cargo price of high - sulfur fuel oil in New York Harbor, and the price of low - sulfur straight - run fuel oil in USAC are presented, covering 2018 - 2025. [44][45] - **Paper and Derivative Prices**: Data on the high - sulfur and low - sulfur swaps in Northwest Europe and Singapore, as well as the prices of LU and FU futures contracts, are provided, covering 2024 - 2025. [48][49][53] - **Fuel Oil Spot Spread**: Data on the high - and low - sulfur spread, viscosity spread, and cracking spread in Singapore, as well as the 3.5% cracking spread in Northwest Europe, are presented, covering 2018 - 2025. [56][57][58] - **Global Fuel Oil Paper Monthly Spread**: Data on the M1 - M2 and M2 - M3 spreads of high - and low - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore and Northwest Europe are provided, covering 2022 - 2025. [62] 3.5 Import and Export - **Domestic Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: Data on the monthly import and export volumes of fuel oil (excluding biodiesel) in China are presented, covering 2018 - 2025. [66][67] - **Global High - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: Data on the weekly import and export volume changes of high - sulfur fuel oil in regions such as China, the Middle East, the US, and Russia are provided. [70][71] - **Global Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export Data**: Data on the weekly import and export volume changes of low - sulfur fuel oil in regions such as Singapore + Malaysia, China, the US, and the Middle East are provided. [73] 3.6 Futures Market Indicators and Internal - External Spreads - **Review**: This week, the fuel oil prices in the Asia - Pacific region generally declined, and the Zhoushan market moved in tandem. In terms of spreads, the domestic FU and LU were relatively stronger than the overseas market, and the premium and discount improved. - **Logic**: This week, the spot prices at home and abroad generally declined. Due to the high inventory in the Singapore market, the overseas spot prices were generally weak. In the domestic market, FU started to rebound from the bottom, and the internal - external spread was repaired. Similarly, for LU, because the newly issued quota decreased year - on - year, the spot supply at ports will not increase significantly in the future, so the internal - external spread of low - sulfur fuel oil also improved. [76] 3.7 FU and LU Position and Volume Changes - Data on the trading volume and open interest of fuel oil and low - sulfur fuel oil futures contracts (main contract, continuous contract, etc.) are presented, covering 2020 - 2025. [87][89][92] 3.8 FU and LU Warehouse Receipt Quantity Changes - Data on the warehouse receipt quantity changes of FU and LU are presented, covering 2020 - 2025. [99][100]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The downward trend of fuel oil prices continued this week, and the previous strength of LU further weakened. The supply in the domestic and overseas fuel oil markets is generally loose, with an increasing trend in Middle - East exports in August. The Singapore market has entered a high - inventory state, and the weak spot market transactions will continue to suppress price trends. For low - sulfur fuel oil, although the export volume from Brazil is unstable, there are obvious increases in exports from Kuwait and Indonesia. The RFCC unit maintenance of the Nigerian Dangote refinery may lead to further outflow of heavy - oil resources, and there is still an expectation of increased supply in the Asia - Pacific market. In China, the low - sulfur production decreased slightly in July, the port bunkering demand is still weak, and some refineries are expected to increase low - sulfur exports in August, so the price weakness is hard to shake off. However, attention should be paid to the new batch of export quotas. If the quota is too low, it may support short - term prices [4]. - Valuation: FU is in the range of 2700 - 2850, and LU is in the range of 3300 - 3500 [4]. - Strategies: Unilaterally, it will remain weak following crude oil in the short term; in the inter - period, the contango structure of the near - end of FU and LU will continue; in the inter - variety, the FU crack has fallen to the historical average, but there may still be room for decline, and the LU - FU spread will remain high in the short term [4]. 3. Summaries According to Relevant Catalogs Supply - The report presents data on the capacity utilization rates of Chinese refineries (including overall, independent, and major refineries), and the maintenance volumes of global CDU, hydrocracking, FCC, and coking units, as well as the monthly production and commercial volume of domestic refinery fuel oil [6][10][20]. Demand - It shows the monthly actual consumption of marine fuel oil in China, the monthly sales of fuel oil for ship supply in Singapore, and the monthly apparent consumption of fuel oil in China [23]. Inventory - Data on global fuel oil spot inventories are provided, including the heavy - oil inventory in Singapore, the fuel oil inventory in European ARA, the heavy - distillate inventory in Fujairah, and the residual fuel oil inventory in the US [27][29][30]. Price and Spread - It includes the FOB prices of fuel oil in different regions (Asia - Pacific, Europe, and the US), paper - cargo and derivative prices, fuel oil spot spreads, global fuel oil crack spreads, and global fuel oil paper - cargo monthly spreads [35][47][61]. Import and Export - There are data on domestic fuel oil import and export, global high - sulfur fuel oil import and export, and global low - sulfur fuel oil import and export [73][78][80]. Futures Market Indicators and Internal - External Spreads - The report reviews that the Asia - Pacific fuel oil prices first rose and then fell this week, and the Zhoushan market moved in tandem. In terms of spreads, the premium of high - sulfur spot and FU over the external - market spot was generally stable, while the premium of the near - month LU contract relative to the Singapore market began to decline. The logic is that the domestic and overseas spot and futures prices generally fell this week. FU was weaker, leading to a narrowing of its premium over the external market. For low - sulfur fuel oil, due to increased domestic refinery production and poor bunkering demand, the number of domestic warehouse receipts increased, and the previous strength of LU began to weaken, resulting in a decline in the premium of LU over the Singapore spot [84].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Views of the Report - The reinstatement of Trump's tariff policy exposes the hidden concerns of the US economic governance coordination, and is not good news for the US stock, bond, and foreign exchange assets [5]. - Glass is currently weak in the short - term, and the key lies in the weak demand and continuous pressure of warehouse receipt pricing. Future improvement depends on the recovery of glass demand [6][7]. - Fuel oil and low - sulfur fuel oil are supported by the peak demand season. High - sulfur fuel oil is expected to remain strong in the short - term, while low - sulfur fuel oil may continue to be weaker than high - sulfur fuel oil [8]. - The shipment of asphalt is slowing down, and it is weak in the near - end. The main contradiction lies in the demand, especially in the South due to the approaching rainy season [9][10]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Metals 3.1.1 Gold and Silver - Gold is in a state of oscillating decline, and silver follows the downward trend. The trend intensities of both are 0 [14][18][22]. 3.1.2 Copper - The decrease in copper inventory supports its price, and the trend intensity is 0. In March 2025, the global refined copper market had a supply surplus [24][26]. 3.1.3 Aluminum and Alumina - Aluminum is in range - bound oscillation, and alumina is significantly supported by costs. The trend intensities of both are 0 [27][29]. 3.1.4 Zinc - Zinc faces pressure above, and the trend intensity is 0 [30][31]. 3.1.5 Lead - Lead is in range - bound oscillation, and the trend intensity is 0 [33][34]. 3.1.6 Tin - Tin breaks below the oscillation range, and the trend intensity is - 1 [36][39]. 3.1.7 Nickel and Stainless Steel - Nickel is supported by short - term costs, but weak expectations limit its elasticity. Stainless steel has an increasing marginal reduction in production due to negative feedback and is difficult to fall deeply. The trend intensities of both are 0 [40][41][46]. 3.1.8 Carbonate Lithium - The de - stocking speed of carbonate lithium is slow, and its trend may remain weak. The trend intensity is - 1 [48][50]. 3.2 Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon - Industrial silicon hits a new low on the disk, and polysilicon has amplified fluctuations. The trend intensities of both are - 1 [14][51][53]. 3.3 Ferrous Metals 3.3.1 Iron Ore - The downstream demand for iron ore has reached a phased peak, and it is in a weak oscillation. The trend intensity is - 1 [54]. 3.3.2 Rebar and Hot - Rolled Coil - Rebar and hot - rolled coil are in a low - level oscillation with negative feedback expectations leading. The trend intensities of both are 0 [57][58][60]. 3.3.3 Ferrosilicon and Silicomanganese - Ferrosilicon and silicomanganese are in a weak oscillation. The trend intensities of both are - 1 [62][65]. 3.3.4 Coke and Coking Coal - Coke has completed the second round of price cuts and is in bottom - bound oscillation. Coking coal is also in bottom - bound oscillation. The trend intensities of both are - 1 [66][68]. 3.3.5 Thermal Coal - The inventory of thermal coal mines is increasing, and it is in a weak oscillation. The trend intensity is 0 [69][71]. 3.4 Others 3.4.1 Logs - Logs are in repeated oscillations [72].