Core Viewpoint - Shanghai universities are actively exploring new talent cultivation models through the introduction of micro-specialties, which allow undergraduate students to supplement their major studies with focused, smaller-scale programs [1] Group 1: Micro-Specialties Development - A variety of new micro-specialties have emerged in Shanghai universities, covering fields such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, and carbon management [1] - East China Normal University has launched 32 micro-specialties since the program's initiation in 2022, encompassing areas like artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, spatial governance, and digital trade [1] Group 2: Educational Reform Impact - The micro-specialty model employs a "dual-track empowerment" approach, which supports academic interdisciplinary potential while anchoring employment opportunities in industry [1] - This initiative helps students in both academic advancement and employment, effectively addressing the issue of professional mismatch in the job market [1]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Education is promoting the establishment of "micro majors" in universities focusing on artificial intelligence and other urgent fields to enhance graduates' employability and skills matching with industry needs [1] - A total of 2,654 "micro majors" have been set up for the 2025 graduating class, with 74,000 students enrolled [1] - The Beijing Municipal Education Commission is organizing a safety knowledge competition for middle and primary school students to enhance safety education and awareness [2] Group 2 - Xi'an Jiaotong University has established the "Innovation Port College" to strengthen collaboration among universities and enhance service capabilities for industrial development [3] - Xueda Education has repurchased 2.17 million shares, accounting for 1.78% of its total share capital, with a total repurchase amount of 111 million yuan [4] - Shanghai Xuhui Xin Nanyang Vocational Technical College has been established, fully owned by Xueda Education, focusing on vocational skills training [4]

"微专业"打破了学科专业间的壁垒，打通了学校和企业间的人才培养通道，不少高校纷纷开设。与此同 时，也要警惕专业设立追逐热度、一哄而上现象发生。应紧密结合国家战略、顺应时代发展要求设 立"微专业"，建立"微专业"动态进入和退出机制，合理控制总量，及时调整或取消不适应行业发展 的"微专业"。此外，一些高校的"微专业"尚未形成明确的收费标准，学生修习"微专业"所获证书能否成 为学历证明，以及在求职中能否获得认可等问题，还需在实践中进一步探索破解之法。 （文章来源：经济日报） 中办、国办日前印发的《关于进一步保障和改善民生着力解决群众急难愁盼的意见》指出，引导高校面 向经济社会发展需要完善学科专业设置调整机制，强化行业企业实践培养，支持高校针对社会急需紧缺 技能开展"微专业"建设，增强学生就业创业能力。 "微专业"是近年来各高校探索出的一种新的人才培养模式。具体来说，就是在本专业课程学习之外，由 学校各院系围绕某个特定学术领域、研究方向或核心素养，提炼开设的一组课程。"微专业"既可面向在 校学生，拓宽他们的知识面，提升综合素养和就业竞争力，也可面向职场人士，助其有针对性地提升能 力。 目前，"微专业"的课程设置多为学 ...

Group 1 - The core concept of micro-specialties is to integrate traditional disciplines with cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence and big data, creating "small but refined" course modules to enhance students' comprehensive abilities and professional qualities [1][4] - By the end of 2024, over 40 universities and vocational colleges in China have established nearly 200 distinctive micro-specialties focused on emerging industries and advanced technologies [3] - The Ministry of Education will launch the "Double Thousand Plan" in 2025, aiming to promote the construction of 1,000 micro-specialties [3] Group 2 - The rise of micro-specialties is a proactive response from universities to the technological revolution and industrial transformation, as traditional academic systems struggle to meet the demand for interdisciplinary talent [4] - For example, the "Intelligent Green Vehicles" micro-specialty at Shanghai University of Technology incorporates practical enterprise needs into its curriculum, allowing students to engage in real-world projects [5] Group 3 - Micro-specialties typically consist of 5 to 10 courses, with total credits ranging from 10 to 25, and a study duration of 1 to 2 years [7] - Some micro-specialties, like "Artificial Intelligence Large Models," have high entry requirements, necessitating foundational knowledge in programming and mathematics [8] Group 4 - Certain micro-specialties adopt an open and inclusive approach, allowing external learners to enroll without exams or interviews, thus broadening educational access [9][10] - However, the disparity in entry requirements raises concerns, as high-barrier micro-specialties may exclude students from diverse backgrounds, while low-barrier options risk becoming mere "interest classes" [12] Group 5 - The recognition of micro-specialty certificates in the job market varies, with some programs closely aligned with industry needs, offering certifications that enhance employability [12][13] - Despite this, many employers remain skeptical about the value of micro-specialty certificates, often prioritizing traditional qualifications and experiences during hiring [14] Group 6 - The teaching and training models of micro-specialties may limit in-depth learning, as students often only acquire basic skills due to time and resource constraints [15] - The emergence of micro-specialties reflects universities' exploration of talent cultivation paths in response to severe employment challenges, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to education that fosters comprehensive skills rather than merely technical training [20]

Group 1: Early Childhood Education - The release of the "Opinions" document brings hope for the development of inclusive childcare services, addressing the scarcity of affordable childcare resources for working families [2][3] - The goal is to achieve over 80% coverage of embedded inclusive childcare in communities of large cities within approximately 10 years, significantly alleviating parenting pressures and promoting female employment [2][3] Group 2: K12 Education - The "Opinions" emphasize the need for quality and equitable development in K12 education, addressing long-standing concerns about resource imbalance [4][5] - A plan to expand quality school capacity and improve weak schools through group management and support is outlined, aiming to enhance educational equity [4][5] - The initiative includes a target to standardize all compulsory education schools within about 5 years, which will help reduce educational disparities between urban and rural areas [5][6] - The construction of over 1,000 quality high schools, particularly in county areas, is expected to improve educational conditions and provide better opportunities for rural students [6] Group 3: Vocational Education - The "Opinions" highlight the importance of vocational education in developing skilled talent and aligning educational offerings with market needs [7][8] - The focus on "industry-education integration" aims to connect vocational institutions with industry, ensuring that training meets current economic demands [7] - The introduction of "micro-majors" allows for flexible, targeted training in high-demand skills, enhancing employability for various demographics [8] Group 4: Employment Support - The "Opinions" stress the importance of employment as a key aspect of livelihood, with measures to improve social insurance access for flexible workers and migrant workers [9] - The removal of household registration restrictions for social insurance participation will benefit approximately 280 million migrant workers and 84 million new economy workers [9] - The implementation of labor-based assistance programs aims to create job opportunities for low-income populations, enhancing their income and dignity [9]